Humanitext Reader

Aristotle · Constitution of the Athenians §30-31

Drafting of the Future and Present Constitutions

Passage 14 of 33 · Greek

Summary

The one hundred members selected by the Five Thousand drafted and published the detailed regulations for both a future permanent constitution, based on four unpaid councils of citizens over thirty, and a transitional constitution, based on a council of four hundred.

§30XXX οἱ μὲν οὖν αἱρεθέντες ταῦτα συνέγραψαν.
XXX Now those who were chosen drafted these measures.
κυρωθέντων δὲ τούτων εἳλοντο σφῶν αὐτῶν οἱ πεντακισχίλιοι τοὺς ἀναλράψοντας τὴν πολιτείαν ἑκατὸν ἂνδρας.
But when these were ratified, the Five Thousand chose from among themselves one hundred men to write down the constitution.
οἱ δ’ αἱρεθέντες ἀνέγραψαν καὶ ἐξήνεγκαν τάδε. βουλεύειν μὲν κατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν τοὺς ὑπὲρ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονότας ἂνευ μισθοφορᾶς· τούτων δ’ εἶναι τοὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐννέα ἂρχοντας καὶ τὸν ἱερομνήμονα καὶ τοὺς ταξιάρχους καὶ ἱππάρχους καὶ φυλάρχους καὶ ἂρχοντας εἰς τὰ φρούρια κκὶ ταμίας τῶν ἱερῶν χρημάτων τῇ θε[ῷ] καὶ τοῖς ἂλλοις θεοῖς δέκα καὶ ἑλληνταμίας καὶ τῶν ἂλλων ὁσίων χρημάτων ἁπάντων εἲκοσιν οἳ διαχειριοῦσιν καὶ ἱεροποιοὺς καὶ ἐπιμελητὰς δέκα ἑκατέρους· αἱρεῖσθαι δὲ πάντας τούτους ἑκ προκρίτων, ἐκ τῶν ἀεὶ βουλευόντων πλείους προκρίνοντας, τὰς δ’ ἂλλας ἀρχὰς ἁπάσας κληρωτὰς εἶναι καὶ μὴ ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς· τοὺς δὲ ἑλληνοταμίας οἳ ἂν διαχειρίζωσι τὰ χρήματα μὴ συμβουλεύειν.
And those who were chosen wrote down and published the following: That those who were over thirty years of age should serve in the council annually without pay; and that from among these should be the generals, the nine archons, the hieromnemon, the taxiarchs, hipparchs, phylarchs, the commanders of the garrisons, ten treasurers of the sacred funds of the goddess and the other gods, the hellenotamiai and twenty managers of all other secular funds who shall administer them, and ten priests and ten commissioners each; and that all of these should be elected from among candidates previously nominated, with the members currently serving in the council nominating a larger number, while all other offices should be chosen by lot and not from the council; and that the hellenotamiai who administer the funds should not serve in the council.
βουλὰς δὲ ποιῆσαι τέτταρας ἐκ τῆς ἡλικίας τῆς εἰρημένης εἰς τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον, καὶ τούτων τὸ λαχὸν μέρος βουλευειν, νεῖμαι δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἂλλους πρὸς τὴν λῆξιν ἐκάστην· τοὺς δ’ ἑκατὸν ἂνδρας διανεῖμαι σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἂλλους τέτταρα μέρη ὡς ἰσαίτατα καὶ διακληρῶσαι, καὶ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν βουλεύειν.
And they should form four councils from the stated age for the future time, and of these the part chosen by lot should serve in the council, and they should distribute the others also to each allotment; and the hundred men should distribute themselves and the others into four parts as equally as possible and cast lots, and they should serve in the council for a year.
< βουλεύεσθαι> δὲ ᾖ ἂν δοκῇ αὐτοῖς ἂριστα ἓξειν περί τε τῶν χρημάτων, ὃπως ἂν δῷα ᾖ καὶ εἰς τὸ δέον ἀναλίσκηται, καὶ περὶ τῶν ἂλλων ὡς ἂν δύνωνται ἂριστα· κἂν τι δέλωσιν βουλεύσασθαι μετὰ πλειόνων, ἐπεισκαλεῖν ἓκαστον ἐπείσκλητον ὃν ἂν ἐθέλῃ τῶν ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ἡλικίας· τὰς δ’ ἓδρας ποιεῖν τῆς βουλῆς κατὰ πενθήμερον, ἐὰν μὴ δέωνται πλείονων.
And they should deliberate in whatever way they think will be best both concerning the funds, so that they may be safe and spent on what is necessary, and concerning other matters as best as they can; and if they wish to deliberate with more people, each may summon any associate from the same age group whomsoever he wishes; and they should hold the meetings of the council every five days, unless they require more.
κληροῦν δὲ τὴν βουλὴν τοὺς ἐννέα ἂρχοντας, τὰς δὲ χειροτονίας κρίνειν πέντε τοὺς λαχόντας ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς, καὶ ἐκ τουτων ἓνα κληροῦσθαι καθ’ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν τὸν ἐπιχηφιοῦντα.
And the nine archons should cast lots for the council, and five men chosen by lot from the council should judge the voting by show of hands, and from these one should be chosen by lot each day to put the vote.
κληροῦν δὲ τοὺς λαχόντας τέντε τοὺς ἐθέλοντας προσελθεῖν ἐναντίον τῆς βουλῆς, πρῶτον μὲν ἱερῶν, δεύτερον δὲ κήρὒξιν, τρίτον πρεσβείαις, τέταρτον τῶν ἂλλων· τὰ δὲ τοῦ πολέμου ὃταν δέῃ ἀκληρωτὶ προσαγαλόντας τοὺς στρατηγοὺς χρηματίζεσθαι.
And those five chosen by lot should cast lots for those who wish to come before the council, first concerning sacred matters, second for heralds, third for embassies, fourth for others; and when necessary, the generals should bring forward matters of war without casting lots and deal with them.
τὸν δὲ μὴ ἰόντα εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον τῶν βουλευόντων τὴν ὣραν τὴν προρρηθεῖσαν ὀφείλειν δραχμὴν τῆς ἡμέρας ἑκαστης, ἐὰν μὴ εὑρισκόμενος ἂφεσιν τῆς βουλῆς ἀπῇ.
And any councilor who does not enter the council chamber at the pre-appointed hour should owe a drachma for each day, unless he is absent having found leave from the council.
§31XXXI. ταύτην μὲν οὖν εἰς τὸν μέλλοντα χρόνον ἀνέγραψαν τὴν πολιτείαν, ἐν δὲ τῷ παρόντι καιρῷ τήνδε·
XXXI.
βουλεύειν μὲν τετρακοσίους κατὰ τὰ πάτρια, τετταράκοντα ἐξ ἑκάστης φυλῆς, ἐκ προκρίτων ο]ὓς ἓλωνται οί ξυλέται τῶν ὑπὲρ τριάκοντα ἒτη γεγονότων.
Thus they wrote down this constitution for the future time, but for the present occasion the following: That four hundred should serve in the council according to ancestral custom, forty from each tribe, from among candidates previously nominated whom the tribesmen should choose from those who were over thirty years of age.
τούτους δὲ τε ἀρχὰς καταστῆσκι κκὶ περὶ τοῦ ὃρκου ὃντινα κρὴ ὐμόσαι γράψαι, <καὶ> περὶ νόμων καὶ τῶν εὐθυ[νῶ]ν καὶ τῶν ἂλλων πράττειν ᾖ ἂν ἡγῶνται συμφέρειν.
And these should establish the offices, and write down concerning the oath which they must swear, and act concerning the laws, the audits, and other matters in whatever way they believe to be advantageous.
τοῖς δὲ νόμοις οἳ ἂν τεθῶσιν περὶ τῶν πολιτικῶν χρῆσθαι καὶ μὴ ἐξεῖναι μετακινεῖν μηδ’ ἑτέρους θέσθαι.
And they must use the laws which are established concerning political matters, and it shall not be permitted to alter them or to establish others.
τῶν δὲ στρατηγῶν τὸ νῦν εἶναι τὴν αἳρεσιν ἐξ ἁπάντων ποιεῖσθαι τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, τὴν δὲ βουλὴν ἐπειδὰν καταστῇ ποιήσασαν ἐξέτασιν <ἐν> ὃπλοις ἑλέσθαι δέκα ἂνδρας καὶ τούτοις, τοὺς δὲ αἱρεθέντας ἂρχειν τὸν εἰσιόντα ἐνιαυτὸν αὐτοκράτορας, καὶ ἂν τι δέωνται συμβουλεύεσθαι μετὰ τῆς βουλῆς.
And for the present, the election of the generals should be made from all the Five Thousand; and the council, when it is established, having made a review in arms, should choose ten men and these, and those elected should rule for the coming year with full powers, and if they require anything, they should consult with the council.
ἑλέσθαι δὲ καὶ ἳππαρχον ἓνα καὶ φυλάρχους δέκα· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν τὴν αἳρεσιν ποιεῖσθαι τούτων τὴν βουλὴν κατὰ τὰ γεγραμμένα.
And they should also choose one hipparch and ten phylarchs; and for the future, the council should make the election of these according to what has been written.
τῶν δ’ ἂλλων ἀρχῶν πλὴν τῆς βουλῆς καὶ τῶν στρατηγῶν μὴ ἐξεῖναι μήτε τούτοις μήτε ἂλλῳ μηδενὶ πλέον ἢ ἃπαξ ἂρξαι τὴν αὐτὴν ἀρχήν.
And for the other offices except the council and the generals, it shall not be permitted either for these or for anyone else to hold the same office more than once.
εἰς δὲ τὸν ἂλλον χρόνον, ἳνα νεμηθῶσιν οἱ τετρακόσιοι εἰς τὰς τέτταρας λήξεις, ἓταν † τοῖς ἀστοῖς λίγνηται μετὰ τῶν ἂλλων βουλεύειν, διανειμάντων αὐτοὺς οἱ ἑκατὸν ἂνδρες.
And for the future, so that the four hundred may be distributed into the four allotments, when it happens for the citizens to serve in the council with the others, the hundred men should distribute them.

Notes

  1. 30βουλεύειν — Infinitives such as βουλεύειν and εἶναι function as independent infinitives (imperative infinitives) expressing decrees or regulations, with their subjects expressed in the accusative (τοὺς ὑπὲρ τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονότας, etc.).
  2. 30ἕκαστον ἐπείσκλητον ὃν ἂν ἐθέλῃ — The noun ἐπείσκλητον is placed in apposition to (or as a complement of) ἕκαστον, the object of ἐπεισκαλεῖν, and simultaneously serves as the antecedent of the relative clause ὃν ἂν ἐθέλῃ.
  3. 31τὸ νῦν εἶναι — The accusative expression τὸ νῦν εἶναι is an idiomatic phrase used adverbially in a restrictive sense to mean 'for the present' or 'as things stand now.'

Cite this passage

Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians §30-31. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg003.humanitext-grc1:30-31

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