§21XXI. διὰ μὲν οὖν ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας ἐπίστευεν ὁ δῆμος τῷ Κλεισθένει.
XXI. It was for these reasons, then, that the people trusted Cleisthenes.
τότε δὲ τοῦ πλήθους προεστηκὼς ἒτει τετάρτῳ μετὰ τὴν τῶν τυράννων κατάλυσιν ἐπὶ Ἰσαγόρου ἂρχοντος, πρῶτον μὲν οὖν συνένειμε πάντας εἰς δέκα φυλὰς ἀντὶ τῶν τεττάρων, ἀναμεῖξαι βουλόμενος, ὃπως μετάσχωσι πλείους τῆς πολιτείας· ὃδεν ἐλέχθη καὶ τὸ μὴ φυλοκρινεῖν | πρὸς τοὺς ἐξετάζιν τὰ γένη βουλομένους.
And then, having become leader of the multitude, in the fourth year after the dissolution of the tyrants, during the archonship of Isagoras, first of all he distributed everyone into ten tribes instead of the four, wishing to mix them up, so that more might participate in the constitution; whence was also said the expression "not to judge by tribe" to those who wished to investigate the family backgrounds.
ἒπειτα τὴν βουλὴν πεντακοσίο[υ]ς ἀντὶ τετρακοσίων κατέστησεν, πεντήκοντα ἐξ ἐκάστης φυλῆς· τότε δ᾿ ἦσαν ἐκατόν.
Next, he established the Council of five hundred instead of four hundred, fifty from each tribe; for at that time there were a hundred from each.
διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἰς δώδεκα φυλὰς συνέταξεν, ὃπω[ς] αὐτῷ μὴ μὴ συμβαίνῃ μερίζειν κατὰ τὰς προϋπαρχούσας τριττῦς· ἦσαν γὰρ ἐκ δ φυλῶν δώδεκα τριττύες, ὣστ᾿ οὐ [συν]έπιπτεν <ἂν> ἀναμίσγεσθαι διένειμε δὲ καὶ τὴν χώραν κατὰ δήμους τριάκοντα μέρη, δέκα μὲν τῶν περὶ τὸ ἂστυ, δὲ τῆς παραλίας, δέκα δὲ τῆς μεσουείου, καὶ ταύτας TauTa? ἐπονομάσας τριττῦς ἐκλήρωσεν τρεῖς εἰς τὴν φυλὴν ἐκάστην, ὃπως ἐκάστη μετέχῃ πάντων τῶν τόπων.
For this reason he did not organize them into twelve tribes, so that it might not happen to him to divide them according to the pre-existing trittyes; for there were twelve trittyes from the four tribes, so that it would not have resulted in mixing them up. He also divided the country by demes into thirty parts—ten of those around the city, ten of the coast, and ten of the inland—and calling these trittyes, he allotted three to each tribe, so that each tribe might have a share in all the regions.
καὶ δημότας ἐποίησεν ἀλλήλων τοὺς οἰκοῦντας ἐν ἐκάστῳ τῶν δήμων, ἳνα μὴ πατρόθεν προσαγορεύοντες ἐξελέγχωσιν τοὺς νεοπολίτας, ἀλλὰ τῶν δήμων ἀναγορεύωσιν· ὃθεν καὶ καλοῦσιν Ἀθηναῖοι σφᾶς αὐτοὺς τῶν δήμων.
And he made those residing in each of the demes fellow-demesmen of one another, so that they might not, by addressing each other by their patronymics, expose the new citizens, but might address them by their demes; whence also the Athenians call themselves by their demes.
κατέστησε δὲ καὶ δημάρχους τὴν αὐτὴν ἒχοντας ἐπιμέλειαν τοὶς πρότερον ναυκράροις· καὶ γὰρ τοὺς δήμους ἀντὶ τῶν ναυκραριῶν ἐποίησεν.
He also established demarchs, having the same charge as the former naucrari; for he made the demes instead of the naucraries.
προσηγόρευσε δὲ τῶν δήμων τοὺς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν τόπων, τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν κτισάντων· οὐ γὰρ ἃπαντες ὑπῆρχον ἒτι τοῖς τόποις.
He named the demes, some from their locations, others from their founders; for not all of them still corresponded to the places.
τὰ δὲ γένη καὶ τὰς φρατρὶας καὶ τὰς ἱερωσύνας εἲασεν ἒχειν ἑκάστουςκατà τὰ πάτρια.
But he allowed everyone to keep their clans, phratries, and priesthoods according to ancestral customs.
ταῖς δὲ φυλαῖς ἐποίησεν ἐπωνύμους ἐκ τῶν προκριθέντων ἐκατὸν ἀχηγετῶν, οὓς ἀνεῖλεν ἡ Πυδία, δέκα.
And for the tribes, he appointed ten eponymous heroes, chosen by the Pythia from a pre-selected list of one hundred founders.
§22XXII. τούτων δὲ γενομένων δημοτικωτέρα πολὺ τῆς Σόλωνος ἐγένετο ἡ πολιτεία· καὶ γὰρ συνέβη τοὺς μὲν Σόλωνος νόμους ἀφανίσαι τὴν τυραννίδα διὰ τὸ μὴ χρῆσθαι, και[ν]οὺς δ᾿ ἂλλους θεῖναι τὸν Κλεισθένη στοχαζόμενον τοῦ πλήθους, ἐν οἰς ἐτέθη καὶ ὁ περὶ τοῦ ὀστρακισμοῦ νόμος.
XXII. These things having been done, the constitution became much more democratic than that of Solon; for it happened that the tyranny had caused the laws of Solon to disappear through disuse, and Cleisthenes established other new ones, aiming at the multitude, among which was also established the law concerning ostracism.
πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἒτει πέμπτῳ μετὰ ταύτην τὴν κατάστασιν ἐφ᾿ Ἑρμοκρέοντος ἂρχοντος τῇ βουλῇ τοῖς πεντακοσίοις τὸν ὃρκον ἐποίησαν ὃν ἒτι καὶ νῦν ὀμνύουσιν.
First of all, then, in the fifth year after this establishment, in the archonship of Hermocreon, they administered to the Council of five hundred the oath which they still swear even now.
ἒπειτα τοὺς στρατηγοὺς ᾐροῦντο κατὰ φυλάς, ἐξ ἑκάστης φυλῆς ἓνα, τῆς δὲ ἁπάσης στρατιᾶς ἡγεμὼν ἦν ὁ πολέμαρχος.
Then they elected the generals by tribes, one from each tribe, and the leader of the whole army was the polemarch.
ἒτει δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα δωδεκάτῳ νικήσαντες τὴν ἐν Μαραθῶνι μάχην ἐπἰ Φαινίππου ἂρχοντος, διαλιπόντες ἒτη δύο μετὰ τὴν νίκην, θαρροῦντος ἢδη τοῦ δήμου τότε πρῶτον ἐχρήσαντο τῷ νόμῳ περὶ τὸν ὀστρακισμόν, ὃς ἐτέθη διὰ τὴν ὑποψίαν τῶν ἐν ταῖς δυνάμεσιν, ὃτι Πεισίστρατος δημαγωγὸς καὶ στρατηγὸς ὢν τύραννος κατέστη.
In the twelfth year after these things, having won the battle at Marathon in the archonship of Phaenippus, and having let two years pass after the victory, when the people were now confident, then for the first time they used the law concerning ostracism, which had been established because of the suspicion of those in positions of power, because Peisistratus, being a demagogue and general, had established himself as tyrant.
καὶ πρῶτος ὠστρακίσθη τῶν ἐκείνου συγγενῶν Ἵππαρχος χάρμου Κολλυτεύς, Κολλυτεύς, δἰ δν καὶ μάλιστα τὸν νόμον ἒθηκεν ὁ Κλεισθένης, ἐξελάσαι βουλόμενος αὐτόν.
And first to be ostracized of his relatives was Hipparchus, the son of Charmus of Collytus, on whose account especially Cleisthenes had established the law, wishing to expel him.
οἱ γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι τοὺς τῶν τυράννων φίλους, ὃσοι μὴ συνεξαμαρτάνοιεν ἐν ταῖς ταραχαῖς, εἲων οἰκεῖν τὴν πόλιν, χρώμενοι τῇ εἰωθυίᾳ τοῦ δήμου πρᾳότητι· ὦν ἡγεμὼν καὶ προστάτης ἦν Ἵππαρχος.
For the Athenians allowed the friends of the tyrants, as many as had not joined in committing offenses in the disturbances, to dwell in the city, employing the customary mildness of the people; of whom the leader and champion was Hipparchus.
εὐθὺς δὲ τῷ ὑστέρῳ ἒτει ἐπὶ Τελεσίνου ἂρχοντος ἐκυάμευσαν τοὺς ἐννέα ἂρχοντας κατὰ φυλὰς ἐκ τῶν προκριθέντων ὑπὸ τῶν δημοτῶν πεντακοσίων τότε μετὰ τὴν τυραννίδα πρῶτον· οἱ δὲ πρότεροι πάντες ἦσαν αἱρετοί· καὶ ὠστρακίσθη Μεγακλῆς Ἰπποκράτους Ἀλωπεκῆθεν.
But immediately in the following year, in the archonship of Telesinus, they appointed by lot the nine archons by tribes from the five hundred pre-selected by the demesmen, then for the first time after the tyranny; for all the previous ones had been elected; and Megacles, the son of Hippocrates of Alopeke, was ostracized.
ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν ἔτη γݲ τοὺς τῶν τυράννων φίλους ὠστράκιζον, ὦν χάριν ὁ νόμος μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῷ τετάρτῳ ἒτει καὶ τῶν ἂλλων εἲ τις δοκοίη μείζων μεθίσταντο· καὶ πρῶτος ὠστρακίσθη τῶν ἂπωθεν τῆς τυραννίδος Ξάνθιππος ὁ Ἀρίφρονος.
For three years, then, they ostracized the friends of the tyrants, for whose sake the law had been established, but after this, in the fourth year, they also removed any of the others who seemed too great; and first to be ostracized of those unconnected with the tyranny was Xanthippus, the son of Ariphron.
ἒτει δὲ τρίτῳ μετὰ ταῦτα Νικοδήμου ἂρχοντος, ὡς ἐφάνη τὰ μέταλλα τὰ ἐν Μαρωνείᾳ καὶ περιελένετο τῇ πόλει τάλαντα ἑκατὸν ἐκ τῶν ἒρλων, συμβομλευόντων τινῶν τῷ δήμῳ διανείμασθαι τὸ ἀργύριον Θεμιστοκλῆς ἐκώλυσεν, οὐ λέγων ὃ τι χρήσεται τοῖς χρήμασιν ἀλλὰ δανεῖσαι κελεύων τοῖς πλουσιωτάτοις Ἀθηναίων ἑκατὸν ἐκάστῳ τάλαντον, εἶτ᾿ ἐὰν μὲν ἀρέσκῃ τὸ ἀνάλωμα, τῆς πόλεως εἶναι τὴν δαπάνην, εἰ δὲ μή κομίσασθαι τὰ χρήματα παρὰ τῶν δανεισαμένων.
In the third year after this, in the archonship of Nicodemus, when the mines at Maroneia appeared and a hundred talents accrued to the city from the works, when some were advising the people to distribute the money, Themistocles prevented it, not saying what he would use the money for, but ordering them to lend to the hundred wealthiest Athenians a talent to each, then if the expenditure should please, the expense would be that of the city, but if not, they would recover the money from those who had borrowed.
λαβὼν δ᾿ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐναυπηγήσατο τριὴρεις ἑκατὸν, ἑκάστου ναυπηγουμένου τῶν ἑκατὸν μίαν, αἶς ἀναυμάχησαν ἐν Σαλαμἶνι πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους.
Receiving it on these terms, he built one hundred triremes, each of the hundred building one, with which they fought at sea in Salamis against the barbarians.
ὠστρακίσθη δ᾿ ἐν τούτοις τοῖς καιροῖς Ἀριστείδης ὁ Λυσιμάχου.
And Aristides, the son of Lysimachus, was ostracized during these times.
τετάρτῳ δ᾿ ἒτει κατεδέξαντο πάντας τοὺς ὠστρακισμένους ἂρχοντος γψιχίδου, διὰ τὴν Ξέρξου στρατείαν· καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ὣρισαν τοῖς ὀστρακιζομένοις ἐντὸς Γεραιστοῦ καὶ Σκυλλαίου κατοικεῖν ἢ ἀτίμους εἶναι καθάπαξ.
And in the fourth year, they recalled all those who had been ostracized, in the archonship of Hypsichides, because of the expedition of Xerxes; and for the future, they decreed that those ostracized must dwell within Geraestus and Scyllaeum, or be utterly deprived of civil rights.