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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.60.1-9.60.8

Raids by Antiate Refugees and Rome's Declaration of War

Passage 729 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Antiate refugees flee to the Aequians and plunder Latin territory, prompting Rome to send Fabius as an envoy who discovers the Aequians' war preparations and leads Rome to declare war.

§9.60.1ἦσαν δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἀποδειχθέντες ὕπατοι Σπόριος Ποστόμιος Ἀλβῖνος καὶ Κόιντος Σερουίλιος Πρίσκος τὸ δεύτερον.
The consuls appointed by them were Spurius Postumius Albinus and Quintus Servilius Priscus for the second time.
ἐπὶ τούτων ἔδοξαν Αἰκανοὶ παραβαίνειν τὰς πρὸς Ῥωμαίους νεωστὶ γενομένας ὁμολογίας ἀπὸ τοιαύτης αἰτίας· §9.60.2Ἀντιατῶν ὅσοι μὲν εἶχον ἐφέστια καὶ κλήρους ἔμειναν ἐν τῇ γῇ, τά τʼ ἀπομερισθέντα σφίσι καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν κληρούχων ἀφορισθέντα κτήματα γεωργοῦντες ἐπὶ ῥηταῖς τισι καὶ τεταγμέναις μοίραις, ἃς ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτοῖς ἐτέλουν·
Under them, the Aequians were deemed to be violating the treaty recently made with the Romans, for the following reason: Those of the Antiates who had homes and allotments remained in the land, cultivating both the portions assigned to them and the estates set apart by the colonists, on certain fixed terms of paying them a share of the fruits.
οἷς δʼ οὐδὲν τούτων ἦν, ἐξέλιπον τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ὑποδεχομένων αὐτοὺς προθύμως τῶν Αἰκανῶν ἐκεῖθεν ὁρμώμενοι τοὺς Λατίνων ἀγροὺς ἐλῄστευον.
But those who had none of these things left the city, and being eagerly received by the Aequians, they made that place their base and plundered the fields of the Latins.
ἐκ δὲ τούτου καὶ τῶν Αἰκανῶν ὅσοι τολμηροί τε καὶ ἄποροι ἦσαν συνελάμβανον αὐτοῖς τῶν λῃστηρίων.
Consequently, those of the Aequians who were daring and needy joined them in their robberies.
§9.60.3ταῦτα Λατίνων ἀποδυρομένων ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ ἀξιούντων ἢ στρατιὰν πέμπειν ἢ συγχωρῆσαι σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τοὺς ἄρξαντας πολέμου ἀμύνασθαι, μαθόντες οἱ σύνεδροι στρατιὰν μὲν οὔτʼ αὐτοὶ ἐψηφίσαντο πέμπειν οὔτε Λατίνοις ἐπέτρεψαν ἐξάγειν, πρεσβευτὰς δʼ ἑλόμενοι τρεῖς, ὧν ἡγεῖτο Κόιντος Φάβιος ὁ τὰς πρὸς τὸ ἔθνος συνθήκας ποιησάμενος, ἀπέστειλαν ἐντολὰς αὐτοῖς δόντες πυνθάνεσθαι παρὰ τῶν ἡγουμένων τοῦ ἔθνους, πότερα κοινῇ γνώμῃ τὰ λῃστήρια ἐξαποστέλλουσιν εἴς τε τὴν τῶν συμμάχων καὶ εἰς τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων γῆν — ἐγένοντο γάρ τινες καὶ εἰς αὐτὴν καταδρομαὶ τῶν φυγάδων — ἢ τῶν πραττομένων οὐδενός ἐστι τὸ κοινὸν αἴτιον·
When the Latins lamented these things before the senate and demanded either that a force be sent or that they be permitted to defend themselves against those who had begun the war, the senators, having learned this, neither voted to send a force themselves nor permitted the Latins to lead one out. Instead, choosing three envoys, led by Quintus Fabius, who had made the treaty with that nation, they dispatched them with instructions to inquire of the leaders of the nation whether they were sending out the raiders into the territory of the allies and of the Romans by public decision—for there had been some incursions of the fugitives into Roman territory as well—or whether the public was not to blame for any of these actions.
καὶ ἐὰν φῶσιν ἰδιωτῶν ἔργα εἶναι μὴ ἐπιτρέψαντος τοῦ δήμου, τά θʼ ἡρπασμένα ἀπαιτεῖν καὶ τοὺς ἐργασαμένους τἀδικήματα ἐκδότους.
And if they should say that these were the deeds of private individuals without the permission of the people, they were to demand the return of the plundered property and the surrender of those who had committed the wrongs.
§9.60.4ἀφικομένων δὲ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἀκούσαντες τοὺς λόγους οἱ Αἰκανοὶ πλαγίας αὐτοῖς ἔδοσαν ἀποκρίσεις, τὸ μὲν ἔργον οὐκ ἀπὸ κοινῆς λέγοντες γνώμης γεγονέναι, τοὺς δὲ δράσαντας οὐκ ἀξιοῦντες ἐκδιδόναι, πόλιν τʼ ἀπολωλεκότας καὶ ἀλήτας γεγονότας σφῶν τʼ ἐν τῇ πενίᾳ §9.60.5ἱκέτας.
When the envoys arrived and the Aequians heard their words, they gave them evasive answers, saying on the one hand that the deed had not been done by public decision, but on the other hand refusing to surrender the perpetrators, on the grounds that they had lost their city and become wanderers, and were their suppliants in their poverty.
ἐφʼ οἷς ὁ Φάβιος ἀγανακτῶν καὶ τὰς ψευσθείσας πρὸς αὐτῶν ὁμολογίας ἀνακαλούμενος, ὡς εἶδεν εἰρωνευομένους τοὺς Αἰκανοὺς καὶ εἰς βουλὴν χρόνον αἰτουμένους ξενισμοῦ τε χάριν ἐπικατέχοντας αὐτόν, ὑπέμεινέ τε κατοπτεῦσαι τὰ ἐν τῇ πόλει πράγματα βουλόμενος·
At this, Fabius, being indignant and recalling the treaty violated by them, when he saw the Aequians playing a double game and asking for time for deliberation, and detaining him under the pretext of hospitality, consented to stay, wishing to spy out the state of affairs in the city.
καὶ διεξιὼν ἅπαντα τόπον κατὰ πρόφασιν θεωρίας δημόσιόν τε καὶ ἱερόν, τά τʼ ἐργαστήρια πλήρη ὁρῶν ἅπαντα πολεμικῶν ὅπλων, τῶν μὲν ἤδη συντετελεσμένων, τῶν δʼ ἔτι ἐν χερσὶν ὄντων, ἔγνω τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν.
And going through every place, both public and sacred, under the pretext of sightseeing, and seeing all the workshops full of weapons of war, some already finished and others still in hand, he understood their design.
§9.60.6καὶ ἀφικόμενος εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ἀπήγγειλε πρὸς τὴν βουλήν, ἅ τʼ ἤκουσε καὶ ἃ εἶδε.
And having arrived in Rome, he reported to the senate what he had heard and seen.
κἀκείνη οὐδὲν ἔτι ἐνδοιάσασα τοὺς εἰρηνοδίκας ἐψηφίσατο πέμπειν καταγγελοῦντας Αἰκανοῖς τὸν πόλεμον, ἐὰν μὴ τούς τʼ Ἀντιατῶν φυγάδας ἀπελάσωσιν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ δίκας τοῖς ἠδικημένοις ὑπόσχωνται.
The senate, no longer hesitating, voted to send the fetials to declare war on the Aequians, unless they should expel the fugitives of the Antiates from the city and make satisfaction to the injured parties.
οἱ δʼ Αἰκανοὶ θρασυτέρας πρὸς τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐποιήσαντο τὰς ἀποκρίσεις, καὶ τὸν πόλεμον οὐκ ἀκούσιοι δέχεσθαι ὡμολόγησαν.
But the Aequians made bolder answers to the men and declared that they would accept the war not unwillingly.
§9.60.7ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐκ ἐξεγένετο Ῥωμαίοις στρατιὰν ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἀποστεῖλαι, εἴτε τοῦ δαιμονίου κωλύοντος, εἴτε διὰ τὰς νόσους, αἳ κατέσχον τὴν πληθὺν ἐπὶ πολὺ μέρος τοῦ ἔτους·
However, it was not possible for the Romans to send an army against them in that year, either because the deity prevented it, or because of the diseases which afflicted the multitude during a great part of the year.
ἀλλὰ φυλακῆς ἕνεκα τῶν συμμάχων ὀλίγη τις ἐξελθοῦσα δύναμις, ἧς ἡγεῖτο Κόιντος Σερουίλιος ἅτερος τῶν ὑπάτων, ἐν τοῖς Λατίνων ὅροις διέτριψεν.
But for the protection of the allies, a small force went out, led by Quintus Servilius, the other consul, and spent the time on the borders of the Latins.
§9.60.8ἐν δὲ τῇ πόλει τὸν νεὼν τοῦ Πιστίου Διὸς Σπόριος Ποστόμιος ὁ συνύπατος αὐτοῦ καθιέρωσε μηνὸς Ἰουνίου ταῖς καλουμέναις Νώναις ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἐνυαλίου λόφου, κατασκευασθέντα μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ τελευταίου βασιλέως Ταρκυνίου, τῆς δὲ νομιζομένης παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις ἀνιερώσεως οὐ τυχόντα ὑπʼ ἐκείνου.
But in the city, Spurius Postumius, his colleague, dedicated the temple of Dius Fidius on the Nones of June upon the Quirinal Hill, which had been built by the last king, Tarquinius, but had not received from him the dedication customary among the Romans.
τότε δὲ τῇ βουλῇ δόξαν ὁ Ποστόμιος ἔλαβεν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπιγραφήν.
On this occasion, Postumius, by decision of the senate, obtained the inscription on it.
ἄλλο δʼ οὐδὲν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑπάτων τούτων λόγου ἄξιον ἐπράχθη.
No other action worthy of mention was performed under these consuls.

Notes

  1. 9.60.2αὐτοῖς — This pronoun is a dative referring back to the 'colonists' (τοὺς κληρούχους). It indicates that the native Antiates who remained to cultivate the land paid a fixed portion of the crops to the newly established Roman colonists.
  2. 9.60.3ἐκδότους — The accusative plural of the adjective 'ἔκδοτος' (surrendered). Here it functions as a predicative adjunct to 'τοὺς ἐργασαμένους' (those who committed the wrongs), which is the object of 'ἀπαιτεῖν' (to demand), meaning 'to demand that those who did the wrongs be surrendered.'
  3. 9.60.8τῇ βουλῇ δόξαν — An accusative absolute construction using 'δόξαν', the aorist participle neuter accusative singular of the impersonal verb 'δοκεῖ' (it seems good). It functions as an adverbial phrase of cause, meaning 'since it seemed good to the senate' or 'by decision of the senate.'

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.60.1-9.60.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.60.1-9.60.8

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