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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.43.1-9.43.4

New Consuls and Reintroduction of the Plebeian Law

Passage 712 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Quinctius and Appius assume the consulship with contrasting political views and clash over whether to conduct foreign campaigns to distract the common people. With Quinctius holding the leadership, the tribunes reintroduce their law, expanding the legislative and electoral powers of the plebeian assembly.

§9.43.1τελεσθέντων δὲ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων κατὰ πολλὴν εὐπέτειαν — οἱ γὰρ πένητες ἐξέλιπον τὸ πεδίον, ἐπειδὴ τὸν ἄνδρα τόνδε ὀνομασθέντα ἤκουσαν — παραλαμβάνουσι τὴν ὑπατείαν Τῖτος Κοίντιος Καπιτωλῖνος καὶ Ἄππιος Κλαύδιος Σαβῖνος, οὔτε τὰς φύσεις οὔτε τὰς προαιρέσεις ἔχοντες ὁμοίας.
When the elections had been completed with great ease—for the poor had left the Campus when they heard this man nominated—Titus Quinctius Capitolinus and Appius Claudius Sabinus assumed the consulship, having neither similar natures nor similar political inclinations.
§9.43.2Ἀππίου μὲν γὰρ ἦν γνώμη περισπᾶν περὶ τὰς ἔξω στρατείας τὸν ἀργὸν καὶ πένητα δῆμον, ἵνα τῶν τε καθʼ ἡμέραν ἀναγκαίων ἐκ τῆς πολεμίας εὐπορῶν τοῖς αὑτοῦ πόνοις, ὧν ἐν χρείᾳ μάλιστα ὑπῆρχε, καὶ τὰ συμφέροντα τῇ πόλει διαπραττόμενος, ἥκιστα τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ συνεδρίου διοικοῦσι τὰ κοινὰ δυσμενής τε καὶ χαλεπὸς ᾖ·
For it was the opinion of Appius to distract the idle and poor common people with expeditions abroad, so that, by supplying themselves with their daily necessities from the enemy's territory through their own labors—things of which they stood in the greatest need—and performing what was advantageous to the state, they might be least hostile and troublesome to those of the senate who administered public affairs.
πολέμου δὲ πᾶσαν ἔσεσθαι πρόφασιν εὔλογον ἀπέφαινεν ἡγεμονίας ἀντιποιουμένῃ πόλει καὶ ὑπὸ πάντων ἐπιφθονουμένῃ, κατά τε τὸ εἰκὸς τοῖς γεγονόσιν ἤδη τὰ μέλλοντα εἰκάζειν ἠξίου, ἐπιλεγόμενος, ὅσαι ἤδη κινήσεις ἐγένοντο ἐν τῇ πόλει, ὅτι πᾶσαι κατὰ τὰς ἀναπαύλας ἐγένοντο τῶν πολέμων.
He also declared that every pretext for war would be reasonable for a city that claimed hegemony and was envied by all, and he demanded that they estimate the future from what had already happened in accordance with probability, adding that as many seditions as had already occurred in the city had all occurred during the cessations of wars.
§9.43.3Κοιντίῳ δʼ οὐκ ἐδόκει πόλεμον ἐκφέρειν οὐδένα, ἀγαπητὸν ἀποφαίνοντι, εἰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀναγκαίους τε καὶ ἔξωθεν ἐπαγομένους κινδύνους καλούμενος ὁ δῆμος εὐπειθὴς γένοιτο, καὶ διδάσκοντι, ὡς εἰ βίαν προσάξουσι τοῖς μὴ πειθομένοις εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἀναγκάσουσιν ἐλθεῖν τὸ δημοτικόν, ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ πρὸ αὐτῶν ἐποίησαν ὕπατοι· ἐξ ὧν κινδυνεύσειν αὐτοὺς δυεῖν θάτερον, ἢ διʼ αἵματος καὶ φόνων καταπαῦσαι τὴν στάσιν, ἢ θεραπεύειν αἰσχρῶς ὑπομεῖναι §9.43.4τὸ δημοτικόν.
But Quinctius did not think they should declare any war, pointing out that it was a thing to be welcomed if the common people, when called upon to face necessary dangers and those brought upon them from abroad, should prove obedient, and teaching that if they applied force to those who were disobedient, they would force the plebeians into desperation, just as the consuls before them had done; from which they would run the risk of one of two things, either of putting an end to the sedition through blood and slaughter, or of enduring to flatter the plebeians in a shameful manner.
ἦν δʼ ἡ τοῦ μηνὸς ἐκείνου ἡγεμονία τῷ Κοιντίῳ προσήκουσα, ὥστʼ ἀναγκαῖον ἦν τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὑπάτων μηδὲν ἄκοντος ἐκείνου ποιεῖν.
And since the leadership of that month belonged to Quinctius, it was necessary for the other of the consuls to do nothing against his will.
οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Πόπλιον δήμαρχοι οὐθὲν ἔτι διαμελλήσαντες τὸν ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν ἐνιαυτῷ οὐ δυνηθέντα νόμον ἐπικυρωθῆναι πάλιν εἰσέφερον, προσγράψαντες αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ τῶν ἀγορανόμων ἀρχεῖον ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς ψηφοφορεῖσθαι ἐκκλησίαις, καὶ πάντα τἆλλα, ὅσα ἐν τῷ δήμῳ πράττεσθαί τε καὶ ἐπικυροῦσθαι δεήσει, ὑπὸ τῶν φυλετῶν ἐπιψηφίζεσθαι κατὰ ταὐτόν· ὅπερ ἦν ἄρα τῆς μὲν βουλῆς κατάλυσις φανερά, τοῦ δὲ δήμου δυναστεία.
But the tribunes around Publius, delaying no longer, again introduced the law which had been unable to be passed in the preceding year, adding to it that the office of the aediles should also be voted on in the same assemblies, and that all other matters which should be transacted and passed in the assembly of the people should be voted on by the tribes in the same manner; which was indeed a manifest dissolution of the senate, and the establishing of the power of the people.

Notes

  1. 1859ὧν ἐν χρείᾳ μάλιστα ὑπῆρχε — The relative pronoun `ὧν` (genitive) has `τῶν ... ἀναγκαίων` (daily necessities) as its antecedent. The genitive case is governed by the noun `χρεία` (need, lack) or by the phrase `ἐν χρείᾳ ὑπάρχειν` (to be in need of).
  2. 1860ἀγαπητὸν ἀποφαίνοντι, εἰ ... γένοιτο — `ἀγαπητόν` is an adjective in the neuter singular meaning "to be welcomed" or "satisfactory," used here predicatively. The `εἰ` clause, taking the optative `γένοιτο`, expresses a conditional assumption, conveying the sense of "if... should happen, it would be quite enough."
  3. 1861ὅπερ ἦν ἄρα — The relative pronoun `ὅπερ` (neuter singular) refers back to the entire preceding clause regarding the tribunes' proposal to expand the voting power of the plebeians. The particle `ἄρα` emphasizes the inevitable consequence or the realization of a fact ("which was indeed...").

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.43.1-9.43.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.43.1-9.43.4

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