Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.22.1-9.22.6

Refutation of the Legend of the Sole Fabian Survivor

Passage 691 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The author presents a logical refutation of the famous legend that only a single child survived to continue the Fabian line after the disaster of the 306 Fabii, arguing on the basis of ancient laws and family dynamics that other clan members must have existed.

§9.22.1τὸ δὲ συναπτόμενον τούτοις ὑπό τινων οὔτʼ ἀληθὲς ὂν οὔτε πιθανόν, ἐκ παρακούσματος δέ τινος πεπλασμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους, ἄξιον μὴ παραλιπεῖν ἀνεξέταστον.
But the story added to these accounts by some, which is neither true nor probable, but has been fabricated by the multitude from some misunderstanding, is not worthy of being passed over without examination.
λέγουσι γὰρ δή τινες, τῶν ἓξ καὶ τριακοσίων Φαβίων ἀπολομένων ὅτι ἓν μόνον ἐλείφθη τοῦ γένους παιδίον, πρᾶγμα οὐ μόνον ἀπίθανον, ἀλλὰ καὶ §9.22.2ἀδύνατον εἰσάγοντες.
For some indeed say that, when the three hundred and six Fabii perished, only one single child of the clan was left, introducing a thing not only incredible, but also impossible.
οὔτε γὰρ ἀτέκνους τε καὶ ἀγάμους ἅπαντας εἶναι δυνατὸν ἦν τοὺς ἐξελθόντας εἰς τὸ φρούριον Φαβίους.
For it was not possible that all the Fabii who went out to the fortress should be unmarried and childless.
ὁ γὰρ ἀρχαῖος αὐτῶν νόμος γαμεῖν τʼ ἠνάγκαζε τοὺς ἐν ἡλικίᾳ, καὶ τὰ γεννώμενα πάντα ἐπάναγκες τρέφειν· ὃν οὐκ ἂν δήπου κατέλυσαν οἱ Φάβιοι μόνοι πεφυλαγμένον ἄχρι τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἡλικίας ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων.
For their ancient law compelled those of age to marry, and made it compulsory to rear all their children; which law the Fabii alone would certainly not have abolished, when it had been observed by their ancestors down to their own generation.
§9.22.3εἰ δὲ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο θείη τις, ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνό γʼ οὐκ ἂν ἔτι συγχωρήσειε, τὸ μηδʼ ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῶν εἶναί τισιν ἡλικίαν ἔτι παίδων ἔχοντας.
But even if one should assume this, yet one would no longer concede that none of them had brothers who were still of childhood age.
μύθοις γὰρ δὴ ταῦτά γε καὶ πλάσμασιν ἔοικε θεατρικοῖς.
For these things indeed resemble myths and theatrical fictions.
οἱ δὲ πατέρες αὐτῶν, ὅσοι παῖδας ἔτι ποιεῖν εἶχον ἡλικίαν, τοσαύτης κατασχούσης τὸ γένος ἐρημίας οὐκ ἂν ἑκόντες τε καὶ ἄκοντες ἑτέρους παῖδας ἐποιήσαντο, ἵνα μήτε ἱερὰ ἐκλειφθῇ πατρῷα μήτε δόξα τηλικαύτη διαφθαρῇ γένους;
And would not their fathers, as many as were still of an age to beget children, when so great a desolation had overtaken the clan, have begotten other children, whether willingly or unwillingly, in order that neither their ancestral rites might be abandoned nor so great a glory of the clan be destroyed?
§9.22.4εἰ μὴ ἄρα οὐδὲ πατέρες αὐτῶν τισιν ἐλείποντο, ἀλλὰ πάντα εἰς ταὐτὸ συνῆλθεν ἐπὶ τῶν ἓξ καὶ τριακοσίων ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων τὰ ἀδύνατα· μὴ παῖδας αὐτοῖς καταλειφθῆναι νηπίους, μὴ γυναῖκας ἐγκύους, μὴ ἀδελφοὺς ἀνήβους, μὴ πατέρας ἐν ἀκμῇ.
Unless, indeed, not even fathers were left to any of them, but all the impossible things came together at the same time in the case of those three hundred and six men: that no infant children were left to them, no wives pregnant, no brothers under age, no fathers in their prime.
ταύτῃ μὲν δὴ τὸν λόγον ἐξετάζων οὐκ ἀληθῆ νενόμικα, §9.22.5ἐκεῖνον δʼ ἀληθῆ· τῶν τριῶν ἀδελφῶν, Καίσωνός τε καὶ Κοίντου καὶ Μάρκου τῶν ὑπατευσάντων τὰς συνεχεῖς ἑπτὰ ὑπατείας, ἐγκαταλειφθῆναι πείθομαι Μάρκῳ παιδίον, καὶ τοῦτʼ εἶναι τὸ λεγόμενον ἐκ τοῦ Φαβίων οἴκου λοιπόν.
Investigating the story in this manner, indeed, I have not believed it to be true, but that other account to be true: that of the three brothers, Kaeso, Quintus, and Marcus, who held the seven consecutive consulships, I am persuaded that a child was left to Marcus, and that this was the one said to be left from the house of the Fabii.
§9.22.6οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει τῷ μηκέτι τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιφανῆ τινα καὶ λαμπρὸν ἔξω τοῦ ἑνὸς τοῦδε ἀνδρωθέντος γενέσθαι ταύτην παραστῆναι τοῖς πολλοῖς τὴν δόξαν, ὅτι μόνος ἐκεῖνος ἐκ τοῦ Φαβίων γένους ἐστὶ λοιπός· οὐχ ὡς μηδενὸς ἄλλον ὄντος, ἀλλʼ ὡς μηδενὸς ἐκείνοις ὁμοίου, ἀρετῇ τεκμαιρομένοις τὸ συγγενές, οὐ φύσει·
And nothing prevents this opinion from arising among the multitude—namely, that he alone was left of the Fabian clan—by the fact that no other illustrious and brilliant person arose from the rest, except for this single one who grew to manhood; not because there was no one else, but because there was no one like them, as they judged kinship by virtue, not by birth.
καὶ περὶ μὲν τούτων ταῦθʼ ἱκανά.
And concerning these matters, let this suffice.

Notes

  1. §9.22.1πρᾶγμα οὐ μόνον ἀπίθανον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀδύνατον εἰσάγοντες — The participle εἰσάγοντες is a nominative plural agreeing with τινες, the subject of the main verb λέγουσι. The phrase πρᾶγμα ... ἀδύνατον is the object of εἰσάγοντες, summarizing and characterizing the content of the preceding ὅτι-clause as 'a matter not only incredible but also impossible.'
  2. §9.22.2ὃν οὐκ ἂν δήπου κατέλυσαν — The relative pronoun ὃν refers to the preceding ancient law (νόμος). The indicative aorist κατέλυσαν combined with the particle ἄν expresses a past counterfactual potentiality ('they would certainly not have abolished').
  3. §9.22.3τὸ μηδʼ ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῶν εἶναί τισιν ἡλικίαν ἔτι παίδων ἔχοντας — An appositive articular infinitive clause introduced by τό. The subject of the infinitive εἶναι is ἀδελφούς, with which the active participle accusative plural ἔχοντας agrees. The dative τισιν functions as a dative of possession, meaning 'that not even brothers still of childhood age belonged to any of them.'
  4. §9.22.4μὴ παῖδας αὐτοῖς καταλειφθῆναι... μὴ πατέρας ἐν ἀκμῇ — Four infinitive clauses explaining the specific contents of the preceding τὰ ἀδύνατα ('the impossible things'). The negative particle μή is used consistently instead of οὐ because these represent conceptual or hypothetical impossibilities.
  5. §9.22.6τῷ μηκέτι τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιφανῆ τινα... γενέσθαι — An articular infinitive in the dative case (τῷ + infinitive) expressing cause or instrument. It means 'by the fact that no other illustrious person arose,' providing the cause or ground for the main verb κωλύει ('prevents').

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.22.1-9.22.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.22.1-9.22.6

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