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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.20.1-9.20.4

Destruction of the Fabii by Ambush and Decoy Herds

Passage 689 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The alternative, more credible account explains how the Etruscans used decoy herds to lure the Fabii from their fortress and destroy them through coordinated ambushes.

§9.20.1ὁ δʼ ἕτερος, ὃν ἀληθέστερον εἶναι νομίζω περί τε τῆς ἀπωλείας τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ τῆς ἁλώσεως τοῦ φρουρίου, τοιόσδε τίς ἐστιν.
But the other story, which I consider to be more true concerning the destruction of the men and the capture of the fortress, is somewhat as follows.
ἐξιόντων ἐπὶ τὰς προνομὰς τῶν ἀνδρῶν πολλάκις καὶ διὰ τὸ κατορθοῦν ἐν ταῖς πείραις συνεχῶς προσωτέρω προχωρούντων οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ παρεσκευασμένοι στρατιὰν συχνὴν ἐν τοῖς ἔγγιστα χωρίοις λαθόντες τοὺς πολεμίους κατεστρατοπέδευσαν.
While the men were frequently going out for foraging and, because of succeeding continually in their attempts, were advancing further and further, the Etruscans, having prepared a numerous army, encamped in the nearest places without being noticed by the enemy.
ἔπειτʼ ἀποστέλλοντες ἐκ τῶν χωρίων ποίμνας τε καὶ βουκόλια καὶ φορβάδων ἀγέλας ἵππων ἐπὶ νομὴν τῷ λόγῳ προὐκαλοῦντο τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐπὶ ταῦτα· οἱ δʼ ἐξιόντες τούς τʼ ἀνθρώπους συνήρπαζον καὶ τὰ
Then, sending out from those places flocks, herds of cattle, and droves of horses to pasture, ostensibly for grazing, they provoked the men to these; and the latter, going out, seized the men and drove off the beasts.
§9.20.2βοσκήματα περιήλαυνον. τοῦτο συνεχῶς οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ ποιοῦντες καὶ προαγόμενοι τοὺς πολεμίους ἀεὶ προσωτέρω τοῦ χάρακος, ἐπειδὴ διέφθειραν αὐτῶν τὸ προνοητικὸν τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς ταῖς συνεχέσιν ὠφελείαις δελεάσαντες, ἐγκαθίζουσι λόχους ἐν τοῖς ἐπικαίροις τῶν χωρίων νύκτωρ, καὶ ἕτεροι τὰς ὑπερδεξίους τῶν πεδίων καταλαμβάνονται σκοπιάς·
The Etruscans, doing this continually and leading the enemy always further from the rampart, when they had destroyed their prudence regarding safety by enticing them with continual booty, placed ambushes in the advantageous parts of those places by night, while others occupied the commanding lookouts of the plains.
τῇ δʼ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ προπέμψαντες ὀλίγους τινὰς ἐνόπλους, ὡς δὴ φυλακῆς ἕνεκα τῶν νομέων, ἀφῆκαν ἐκ τῶν χωρίων πολλὰς ἀγέλας.
On the following day, having sent ahead a few armed men, as if for the protection of the herdsmen, they let loose many herds from those places.
§9.20.3ὡς δʼ ἀπηγγέλη τοῖς Φαβίοις, ὅτι τοὺς πλησίον ὑπερβαλόντες λόφους ἐν ὀλίγῳ δή τινι χρόνῳ μεστὸν εὑρήσουσι τὸ πεδίον παντοίων βοτῶν, καὶ τὴν φυλάττουσαν αὐτὰ χεῖρα οὐχ ἱκανήν, ἐξῆλθον ἐκ τοῦ φρουρίου φυλακὴν τὴν ἀρκοῦσαν ἐν αὐτῷ καταλιπόντες· καὶ διανύσαντες σπουδῇ καὶ μετὰ προθυμίας τὴν ὁδὸν ἐπιφαίνονται τοῖς φύλαξι τῶν βοσκημάτων συντεταγμένοι· κἀκεῖνοι οὐ δεξάμενοι αὐτοὺς ἔφευγον.
When it was reported to the Fabii that, if they crossed the neighboring hills, they would find in a very short time the plain full of all kinds of cattle, and the force guarding them insufficient, they went out from the fortress, leaving a sufficient guard in it; and having traversed the road with haste and eagerness, they appeared before the guards of the cattle drawn up in order; and the latter, not receiving their attack, fled.
οἱ δὲ Φάβιοι, ὡς ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ δὴ ὄντες, τούς τε νομεῖς συνελάμβανον καὶ τὰ βοσκήματα περιήλαυνον.
Then the Fabii, believing themselves to be in safety, seized the herdsmen and drove off the beasts.
§9.20.4ἐν δὲ τούτῳ οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ ἐκ τῆς ἐνέδρας ἀναστάντες κατὰ πολλὰ χωρία προσπίπτουσιν αὐτοῖς πανταχόθεν.
Meanwhile, the Etruscans, rising from their ambush, fell upon them from all sides in many places.
καὶ οἱ μὲν πλείους τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐσκεδασμένοι καὶ ἀλλήλοις ἀμύνειν οὐχ οἷοί τʼ ὄντες, ἐνταῦθʼ ἀπόλλυνται.
And the majority of the Romans, being scattered and unable to help one another, perished there.
ὅσοι δʼ αὐτῶν συνεστηκότες ἦσαν προθυμούμενοί τι καταλαβέσθαι χωρίον ἀσφαλὲς καὶ πρὸς τὰ ὄρη σπεύδοντες εἰς ἕτερον ἐμπίπτουσι λόχον ἐν ὕλαις καὶ νάπαις ὑποκαθήμενον.
But as many of them as had kept together, desiring to occupy some safe position and hastening toward the mountains, fell into another ambush lying in wait in the woods and glens.
καὶ γίνεται αὐτῶν μάχη καρτερὰ καὶ φόνος ἐξ ἑκατέρων πολύς.
And a fierce battle took place between them, and many were killed on both sides.
ἀπεώσαντο δʼ οὖν καὶ τούτους ὅμως, καὶ πληρώσαντες τὴν φάραγγα νεκρῶν ἀνέδραμον ἐπὶ λόφον οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἁλῶναι· ἐν ᾧ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν νύκτα ἄποροι τῶν ἀναγκαίων ηὐλίσαντο.
Nevertheless, they pushed these back as well, and having filled the ravine with corpses, they ran up to a hill not easy to capture; on which they spent the following night, destitute of necessaries.

Notes

  1. 9.20.1ἐξιόντων ἐπὶ τὰς προνομὰς τῶν ἀνδρῶν πολλάκις καὶ ... προχωρούντων — Genitive absolute construction. `τῶν ἀνδρῶν` ("of the men") functions as the logical subject of the present participles `ἐξιόντων` ("going out") and `προχωρούντων` ("advancing"), establishing a background action distinct from the main subject `οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ`.
  2. 9.20.1τῷ λόγῳ — Dative of manner, meaning "ostensibly" or "in pretext" (literally, "by word"), implying a contrast with `τῷ ἔργῳ` ("in reality") and indicating that the grazing of the herds was merely a ruse.
  3. 9.20.2τὸ προνοητικὸν τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς — The neuter singular adjective used as a noun, `τὸ προνοητικόν` ("prudence" or "foresight"), combined with the objective genitive `τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς` ("regarding safety"), meaning "their prudence regarding safety."
  4. 9.20.3τοὺς πλησίον ὑπερβαλόντες λόφους — Hyperbaton. The article `τοὺς` and its noun `λόφους` are separated by the adverb `πλησίον` ("neighboring") and the participle `ὑπερβαλόντες` ("having crossed"). Syntactically, `τοὺς πλησίον λόφους` ("the neighboring hills") is the object of `ὑπερβαλόντες`.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.20.1-9.20.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.20.1-9.20.4

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