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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.19.1-9.19.3

The Sacrifice Account of the Fabii and Its Critique

Passage 688 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The first account of the disaster is introduced, in which the Fabii carelessly leave the fortress for an ancestral sacrifice and are ambushed and annihilated by the Etruscans. However, the author rejects this account as implausible, pointing out the irregularity of returning without a decree and the absurdity of abandoning the fortress's defense.

§9.19.1τινὲς μὲν οὖν φασιν, ὅτι θυσίας ἐπιστάσης πατρίου, ἣν ἔδει τὸ Φαβίων ἐπιτελέσαι γένος, οἱ μὲν ἄνδρες ἐξῆλθον ὀλίγους ἐπαγόμενοι πελάτας ἐπὶ τὰ ἱερά, καὶ προῄεσαν οὔτε διερευνώμενοι τὰς ὁδοὺς οὔθʼ ὑπὸ σημαίαις τεταγμένοι κατὰ λόχους, ῥᾳθύμως δὲ καὶ ἀφυλάκτως ὡς ἐν εἰρήνῃ τε καὶ διὰ φιλίας γῆς πορευόμενοι.
Now some say that, since an ancestral sacrifice was at hand which the family of the Fabii had to perform, the men went out bringing a few clients along for the sacred rites, and proceeded neither exploring the roads nor drawn up in companies under their standards, but carelessly and unguardedly, as if marching in peace and through a friendly land.
§9.19.2οἱ δὲ Τυρρηνοὶ προεγνωκότες αὐτῶν τὴν ἔξοδον ἐλόχησαν τῆς ὁδοῦ χωρίον μέρει τῆς στρατιᾶς, τὴν δὲ λοιπὴν δύναμιν συντεταγμένην ἔχοντες οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον ἠκολούθουν.
But the Etruscans, having known of their departure beforehand, lay in ambush at a certain place along the road with a part of their army, while keeping the rest of their force drawn up and following not long after.
ὡς δʼ ἐπλησίασαν οἱ Φάβιοι ταῖς ἐνέδραις, ἐξαναστάντες τοῦ λόχου οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ προσπίπτουσιν αὐτοῖς, οἱ μὲν κατὰ μέτωπον, οἱ δʼ ἐκ τῶν πλαγίων, καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ ἡ τῶν ἄλλων Τυρρηνῶν δύναμις προσέβαλεν ἐκ τῶν κατόπιν· καὶ περιστάντες αὐτοῖς πανταχόθεν, οἱ μὲν σφενδόναις, οἱ δὲ τόξοις, οἱ δὲ σαυνίοις τε καὶ λόγχαις στοχαζόμενοι, τῷ πλήθει τῶν βελῶν ἅπαντας κατειργάσαντο.
When the Fabii approached the ambush, the Etruscans, rising from their hiding place, fell upon them, some in front and others from the flanks, and not long after the rest of the Etruscan force attacked from behind; and having surrounded them on all sides, some aiming with slings, others with bows, and others with javelins and spears, they destroyed them all by the multitude of their missiles.
§9.19.3οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἧττον ἔμοιγε πιθανὸς φαίνεται εἶναι λόγος.
This story, indeed, seems to me to be less plausible.
οὔτε γὰρ εἰκὸς ἀπὸ στρατοπέδου θυσίας ἕνεκα τοὺς ὑπὸ ταῖς σημαίαις τοσούτους ἄνδρας εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀναστρέφειν ἄνευ ψηφίσματος βουλῆς, δυναμένων τῶν ἱερουργιῶν καὶ διʼ ἑτέρων ἐπιτελεσθῆναι τῶν μετεχόντων μὲν τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους, προβεβηκότων δὲ ταῖς ἡλικίαις· οὔτʼ εἰ πάντες ἀπεληλύθεσαν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ μηδεμία μοῖρα τοῦ Φαβίων γένους ἐν τοῖς ἐφεστίοις ὑπελείπετο, πάντας εἰκὸς ἦν τοὺς κατέχοντας τὸ φρούριον ἐκλιπεῖν αὐτοῦ τὴν φυλακήν· ἤρκουν γὰρ ἂν καὶ τρεῖς ἢ τέτταρες ἀφικόμενοι συντελέσαι περὶ τοῦ γένους ὅλου τὰ ἱερά.
For it is not likely that so many men under their standards would return from the camp to the city for the sake of a sacrifice without a decree of the senate, when the sacred rites could be performed also by others who, while sharing in the same family, were advanced in years; nor, even if all had departed from the city, and no portion of the Fabii's family had been left at their hearths, would it be likely that all those who held the fortress would abandon its defense; for it would have been sufficient for even three or four who arrived to perform the sacred rites on behalf of the whole family.
διὰ μὲν δὴ ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας οὐκ ἔδοξέ μοι πιστὸς εἶναι ὁ λόγος.
For these reasons, therefore, this story did not seem credible to me.

Notes

  1. 1794θυσίας ἐπιστάσης πατρίου — A genitive absolute construction expressing cause or time ("since an ancestral sacrifice was at hand" or "when an ancestral sacrifice was at hand"). The participle ἐπιστάσης is the second aorist active participle (feminine singular genitive) of the intransitive use of ἐφίστημι.
  2. p.v.3p.308οὔτε γὰρ εἰκὸς ... ἀναστρέφειν — An impersonal construction with the negative of the impersonal adjective εἰκός ("it is likely"), taking the accusative and infinitive clause τοὺς ... ἄνδρας ... ἀναστρέφειν ("that so many men should return") as its subject (or complement).
  3. p.v.3p.308δυναμένων τῶν ἱερουργιῶν καὶ διʼ ἑτέρων ἐπιτελεσθῆναι — A genitive absolute construction in which the participle δυναμένων takes the complementary infinitive of possibility ἐπιτελεσθῆναι ("could be performed"), with the noun phrase τῶν ἱερουργιῶν serving as its subject.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.19.1-9.19.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.19.1-9.19.3

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