§8.80.1ἐπιβαλλομένων δέ τινων καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀποκτεῖναι τοῦ Κασσίου δεινὸν τὸ ἔθος ἔδοξεν εἶναι τῇ βουλῇ καὶ ἀσύμφορον· καὶ συνελθοῦσα ἐψηφίσατο ἀφεῖσθαι τὰ μειράκια τῆς τιμωρίας καὶ ἐπὶ πάσῃ ἀδείᾳ ζῆν, μήτε φυγῇ μήτʼ ἀτιμίᾳ μήτʼ ἄλλῃ συμφορᾷ ζημιωθέντα.
When some attempted to put to death also the children of Cassius, the custom seemed to the senate to be dreadful and disadvantageous; and having met, it voted that the youths should be exempt from punishment and live in complete security, being penalized neither by exile, nor by disenfranchisement, nor by any other misfortune.
καὶ ἐξ ἐκείνου τὸ ἔθος τοῦτο Ῥωμαίοις ἐπιχώριον γέγονεν ἕως τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς διατηρούμενον ἡλικίας, ἀφεῖσθαι τιμωρίας ἁπάσης τοὺς παῖδας, ὧν ἂν οἱ πατέρες ἀδικήσωσιν, ἐάν τε τυράννων ὄντες υἱοὶ τύχωσιν, ἐάν τε πατροκτόνων, ἐάν τε προδοτῶν, ὃ §8.80.2μέγιστόν ἐστι παρʼ ἐκείνοις ἀδίκημα.
And from that time, this custom became native to the Romans, being preserved down to our own generation: namely, that the children of those whose fathers have committed crimes should be exempt from all punishment, whether they happen to be the sons of tyrants, or of parricides, or of traitors— which is the greatest crime among them.
οἵ τε καταλῦσαι τὸ ἔθος τοῦτʼ ἐπιβαλόμενοι κατὰ τοὺς ἡμετέρους χρόνους μετὰ τὴν συντέλειαν τοῦ Μαρσικοῦ τε καὶ ἐμφυλίου πολέμου, καὶ τοὺς παῖδας τῶν ἐπικηρυχθέντων ἐπὶ Σύλλα πατέρων ἀφελόμενοι τὸ μετιέναι τὰς πατρίους ἀρχὰς καὶ βουλῆς μετέχειν καθʼ ὃν ἐδυνάστευον αὐτοὶ χρόνον, ἐπίφθονόν τʼ ἀνθρώποις καὶ νεμεσητὸν θεοῖς ἔργον ἔδοξαν ἀποδείξασθαι.
And those who attempted to abolish this custom in our times, after the conclusion of both the Marsic and the civil wars, and who deprived the children of the fathers proscribed under Sulla of pursuing their ancestral offices and of participating in the senate during the time they themselves held power, seemed to have exhibited a deed hateful to men and provoking the wrath of the gods.
τοιγάρτοι δίκη μὲν ἐκείνοις σὺν χρόνῳ τιμωρὸς οὐ μεμπτὴ παρηκολούθησε, δι’ ἣν ἐκ μεγίστου τέως αὐχήματος εἰς ταπεινότατον πτῶμα κατήχθησαν, καὶ οὐδὲ γένος τὸ ἐξ αὐτῶν ὅτι μὴ κατὰ γυναῖκας ἔτι λείπεται.
Therefore, in course of time, a not-to-be-complained-of avenging justice followed them, through which they were brought down from their greatest pride of late into the most humble fall, and not even any of their descendants remains, except through the female line.
§8.80.3τὸ δʼ ἔθος εἰς τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κόσμον ὁ τούτους καθελὼν ἀνὴρ ἀποκατέστησε.
But the man who overthrew them restored the custom to its original order.
παρʼ Ἕλλησι δʼ οὐχ οὕτως ἐνίοις ὁ νόμος ἔχει, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐκ τυράννων γενομένους οἱ μὲν συναποκτίννυσθαι τοῖς πατράσι δικαιοῦσιν, οἱ δʼ ἀειφυγίᾳ κολάζουσιν, ὥσπερ οὐκ ἐνδεχομένης τῆς φύσεως χρηστοὺς παῖδας ἐκ πονηρῶν πατέρων ἢ κακοὺς ἐξ ἀγαθῶν γενέσθαι.
Among some of the Greeks, however, the law is not thus, but some judge it right that those born of tyrants should be put to death along with their fathers, while others punish them with perpetual exile, as if nature did not admit of good children being born of wicked fathers, or wicked children of good ones.
ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ μὲν τούτων εἴτε ὁ παρʼ Ἕλλησιν ἀμείνων νόμος εἴτε τὸ Ῥωμαίων ἔθος κρεῖττον, ἀφίημι τῷ βουλομένῳ σκοπεῖν· ἐπάνειμι δʼ ἐπὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.
But concerning these matters, whether the law among the Greeks is better or the custom of the Romans is superior, I leave to whoever wishes to consider; and I shall return to the following events.