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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §7.73.1-7.73.5

Greek Elements in the Games and the Renewal of the Rites

Passage 578 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The author discusses the post-procession games, highlighting the Greek elements in horse races and athletic contests, and details how the Senate, following the divine revelation, punished the master of the slave and ordered a renewed procession and games.

§7.73.1λοιπὸν δʼ ἔτι μοι καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀγώνων, οὓς μετὰ τὴν πομπὴν ἐπετέλουν, ὀλίγα διελθεῖν.
It still remains for me to discuss briefly the games which they performed after the procession.
πρῶτος ὁ τῶν τεθρίππων τε καὶ συνωρίδων καὶ τῶν ἀζεύκτων ἵππων ἐγίνετο δρόμος, ὡς παρʼ Ἕλλησι τὸ §7.73.2ἀρχαῖον Ὀλυμπίασί τε καὶ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος.
The first contest was the race of four-horse chariots, two-horse chariots, and unyoked horses, just as among the Greeks in ancient times at Olympia and indeed down to the present day.
ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἱππικαῖς ἁμίλλαις ἐπιτηδεύματα δύο τῶν πάνυ παλαιῶν ὡς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐνομοθετήθη φυλαττόμενα ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων μέχρι τῶν κατʼ ἐμὲ διάκειται χρόνων, τό τε περὶ τὰ τρίπωλα τῶν ἁρμάτων, ὃ παρʼ Ἕλλησι μὲν ἐκλέλοιπεν, ἀρχαῖον ὄν ἐπιτήδευμα καὶ ἡρωικόν, ᾧ ποιεῖ τοὺς Ἕλληνας Ὅμηρος ἐν ταῖς μάχαις χρωμένους· δυσὶ γὰρ ἵπποις ἐζευγμένοις, ὃν τρόπον ζεύγνυται συνωρίς, τρίτος παρείπετο σειραῖος ἵππος ῥυτῆρι συνεχόμενος, ὃν ἀπὸ τοῦ παρῃωρῆσθαί τε καὶ μὴ συνεζεῦχθαι παρῄορον ἐκάλουν οἱ παλαιοί·
In the equestrian contests, two practices of the very ancient times, as they were ordained from the beginning, are preserved by the Romans and maintained down to my own time. One is that concerning the three-horse chariots, a practice which has died out among the Greeks, though it was an ancient and heroic custom, in which Homer represents the Greeks as employing it in their battles; for alongside two yoked horses, in the manner a two-horse chariot is yoked, a third trace-horse accompanied them, held by a rein, which the ancients called pareoros (trace-horse) because it was suspended at the side and not yoked together with the others.
ἕτερον δὲ παρʼ ὀλίγαις ἔτι φυλαττόμενον πόλεσιν Ἑλληνίσιν ἐν ἱερουργίαις τισὶν ἀρχαϊκαῖς, ὁ τῶν παρεμβεβηκότων τοῖς ἅρμασι δρόμος.
The other practice, which is still preserved in a few Greek cities in certain archaic sacred rites, is the race of those who ride alongside the chariots.
§7.73.3ὅταν γὰρ τέλος αἱ τῶν ἱππέων ἅμιλλαι λάβωνται, ἀποπηδῶντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἁρμάτων οἱ παροχούμενοι τοῖς ἡνιόχοις, οὓς οἱ ποιηταὶ μὲν παραβάτας, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καλοῦσιν ἀποβάτας, τὸν σταδιαῖον ἁμιλλῶνται δρόμον αὐτοὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους.
For when the equestrian contests come to an end, those who ride alongside the charioteers—whom the poets call parabatai, but the Athenians call apobatai—leap down from the chariots and compete against one another in a race of one stade.
τελεσθέντων δὲ τῶν ἱππικῶν δρόμων οἱ τοῖς ἑαυτῶν σώμασιν ἀγωνιζόμενοι τότʼ εἰσῄεσαν δρομεῖς τε καὶ πύκται καὶ παλαισταί.
And when the equestrian races were completed, those who competed with their own bodies then entered: runners, boxers, and wrestlers.
τρία γὰρ ἀθλήματα παρὰ τοῖς ἀρχαίοις Ἕλλησι ταῦτʼ ἦν, ὡς Ὅμηρος ἐπὶ τῇ Πατρόκλου δηλοῖ ταφῇ.
For among the ancient Greeks these were the three athletic contests, as Homer demonstrates at the funeral of Patroclus.
§7.73.4ἐν δὲ τοῖς διὰ μέσου τῶν ἀθλημάτων χρόνοις Ἑλληνικώτατον καὶ κράτιστον ἁπάντων ἐθῶν ἀπεδείκνυντο, στεφανώσεις καὶ ἀναρρήσεις ποιούμενοι τιμῶν, αἷς ἐτίμων τοὺς ἑαυτῶν εὐεργέτας, ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἐν ταῖς Διονυσιακαῖς ἐγίνετο θυσίαις, καὶ σκύλων, ὅσων ἐκ πολέμων λάβοιεν, ἐπιδείξεις τοῖς εἰς θέαν συνεληλυθόσιν.
In the intervals between the athletic contests, they displayed a practice most Greek and the noblest of all customs, performing crownings and proclamations of honors, by which they honored their own benefactors, just as was done in Athens at the Dionysian sacrifices, and showing to those assembled for the spectacle whatever spoils they had taken from wars.
§7.73.5ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὑπὲρ μὲν τούτων οὔτε μηθένα ποιήσασθαι λόγον ἀπαιτούσης τῆς ὑποθέσεως καλῶς εἶχεν, οὔτε μηκύνειν πέρα τοῦ δέοντος ἥρμοττε.
However, concerning these matters, as the subject-matter demanded it, it was neither well to make no mention at all, nor was it fitting to prolong the account beyond what was necessary.
καιρὸς δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπολειπομένην διήγησιν ἐπανάγειν.
It is now time to return to the narrative that was left.
ὡς γὰρ δὴ τὰ περὶ τὸν ἀπαχθέντα ἐπὶ τιμωρίαν ὑπὸ τοῦ δεσπότου καὶ προηγησάμενον τῆς πομπῆς ἔμαθεν ἡ βουλὴ παρὰ τοῦ τὸ πραχθὲν ἀνανεωσαμένου, τοῦτον ὑπολαβοῦσα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λέγεσθαι τὸν οὐ καλὸν ἔπαρχον τῶν ὀρχηστῶν, ὥσπερ ἔφην, ἀναζητήσασα τὸν τῷ θεράποντι λωβησάμενον καὶ ζημίαν ἐπιβαλοῦσα, ἧς ἄξιος ἦν, ἑτέραν ἐψηφίσατο τῷ θεῷ πομπὴν ἐπιτελεσθῆναι καὶ ἀγῶνας ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἑτέρους ἀπὸ διπλασίων χρημάτων ἢ πρότερον ἐγένοντο.
For indeed, when the senate learned the details concerning the man who had been led away for punishment by his master and had preceded the procession, from the one who had brought the event back to memory, and conceiving that this was the "not-fair leader" of the dancers spoken of by the god, as I said, they searched out the one who had abused his servant, imposed the penalty he deserved, and voted that another procession should be performed for the god, and other games from the beginning at twice the expense of the former ones.
καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ τούτων συντελεσθέντα τῶν ὑπάτων τοιάδε ἦν.
And such were the things completed during the consulship of these men.

Notes

  1. §7.73.1λοιπὸν δʼ ἔτι μοι — An impersonal expression with the omission of ἐστί (i.e. λοιπόν ἐστιν). The infinitive διελθεῖν functions as the subject, meaning 'it still remains for me (μοι) to discuss.'
  2. §7.73.2ᾧ ποιεῖ τοὺς Ἕλληνας Ὅμηρος ἐν ταῖς μάχαις χρωμένους — The construction of ποιέω + accusative (τοὺς Ἕλληνας) + participle (χρωμένους) meaning 'Homer represents the Greeks as employing.' The dative relative pronoun ᾧ refers back to the antecedent 'the practice of three-horse chariots' and is governed by χρωμένους.
  3. ¦1499¦ἀπὸ τοῦ παρῃωρῆσθαί τε καὶ μὴ συνεζεῦχθαι — The preposition ἀπό with the articular infinitive in the genitive (τοῦ) expresses cause or origin ('from the fact of...'). It coordinates two perfect passive infinitives: παρῃωρῆσθαί (from παραιωρέω, 'to be suspended at the side') and συνεζεῦχθαι (from συνζεύγνυμι, 'to be yoked together').
  4. §7.73.5ἀπαιτούσης τῆς ὑποθέσεως — Genitive absolute. The present participle ἀπαιτούσης takes τῆς ὑποθέσεως ('the subject-matter' or 'the theme') as its subject, expressing a causal or circumstantial nuance: 'since the subject-matter demanded it.'
  5. ¦p.v.3p.122¦παρὰ τοῦ τὸ πραχθὲν ἀνανεωσαμένου — The middle aorist participle ἀνανεωσαμένου (from ἀνανεόομαι) here means 'the one who brought back to memory' or 'the one who revived' (the memory of the forgotten event). In context, it refers to the person (such as Ratus) who reported the slave-abuse incident to the senate after receiving a dream.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §7.73.1-7.73.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.73.1-7.73.5

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