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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §7.5.1-7.5.3

Relief of Aricia and Aristodemus's Mission

Passage 507 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The Aricini, under siege by the Etruscans, ask Cumae for aid, and the Cumaean aristocrats exploit this opportunity to eliminate Aristodemus by appointing him general of an ill-equipped expeditionary force made up of the poorest citizens.

§7.5.1εἰκοστῷ δʼ ὕστερον ἔτει τῆς πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους μάχης ἦλθον ὡς τοὺς Κυμαίους Ἀρικηνῶν πρέσβεις σὺν ἱκετηρίαις ἀξιοῦντες αὐτοὺς βοηθῆσαι σφίσιν ὑπὸ Τυρρηνῶν πολεμουμένοις.
In the twentieth year after the battle against the barbarians, ambassadors from the Aricini came to the Cumaeans with suppliant emblems, requesting them to assist them who were being hard pressed by the Tyrrhenians in war.
μετὰ γὰρ τὰς διαλλαγάς, ἃς ἐποιήσατο πρὸς τὴν Ῥωμαίων πόλιν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Τυρρηνῶν Πορσίνας, τὸν υἱὸν Ἄρροντα δοὺς τὴν ἡμίσειαν τῆς στρατιᾶς ἔπεμψεν ἰδίαν ἀρχὴν κτήσασθαι βουλόμενον, ὡς ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τούτου δεδήλωκα λόγοις· ὃς ἐπολιόρκει τότε τοὺς Ἀρικηνοὺς καταπεφευγότας εἰς τὸ τεῖχος καὶ οὐ διὰ μακροῦ λιμῷ τὴν πόλιν αἱρήσειν ᾤετο.
For after the treaty of peace which Porsinas, the king of the Tyrrhenians, had made with the city of Rome, he gave his son Arruns the half of his army and sent him, because he wished him to acquire a dominion of his own, as I have shown in the preceding books; and Arruns was at that time besieging the Aricini, who had fled into their stronghold, and he expected to capture the city before long by famine.
§7.5.2ταύτης τῆς πρεσβείας ἀφικομένης οἱ προεστηκότες τῆς ἀριστοκρατίας μισοῦντες τὸν Ἀριστόδημον καὶ δεδιότες, μή τι κακὸν ἐξεργάσηται περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν, κάλλιστον ὑπέλαβον εἰληφέναι καιρὸν ἐκποδὼν αὐτὸν ποιήσασθαι σὺν εὐσχήμονι προφάσει.
Upon the arrival of this embassy, the leaders of the aristocracy, hating Aristodemus and fearing lest he should attempt some mischief against the government, thought they had found the fairest opportunity to get him out of the way under a plausible pretext.
πείσαντες δὴ τὸν δῆμον ἀποστεῖλαι Ἀρικηνοῖς δισχιλίους ἄνδρας ἐπὶ συμμαχίαν, καὶ στρατηγὸν ἀποδείξαντες τὸν Ἀριστόδημον ὡς δὴ τὰ πολέμια λαμπρόν, τὰ μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἔπραττον, ἐξ ὧν ἢ κατακοπήσεσθαι μαχόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν Τυρρηνῶν αὐτὸν ὑπελάμβανον ἢ κατὰ πέλαγος διαφθαρήσεσθαι.
Having therefore persuaded the people to send two thousand men to the Aricini for an alliance, and having appointed Aristodemus general, on the pretense that he was indeed brilliant in military affairs, they then took measures by which they expected he would either be cut to pieces by the Tyrrhenians in battle, or perish at sea.
§7.5.3γενόμενοι γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς κύριοι καταλέξαι τοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν συμμαχίαν ἐξελευσομένους τῶν μὲν ἐπισήμων καὶ λόγου ἀξίων οὐδένα κατέγραψαν, ἐπιλέξαντες δὲ τοὺς ἀπορωτάτους τε καὶ πονηροτάτους τῶν δημοτικῶν, ἐξ ὧν ἀεί τινας ὑπώπτευον νεωτερισμούς, ἐκ τούτων συνεπλήρωσαν τὸν ἀπόστολον· καὶ ναῦς δέκα παλαιὰς κάκιστα πλεούσας καθελκύσαντες, ὧν ἐτριηράρχουν οἱ πενέστατοι Κυμαίων, εἰς ταύτας αὐτοὺς ἐνεβίβασαν θάνατον ἀπειλήσαντες, ἐάν τις ἀπολειφθῇ τῆς στρατείας.
For having been empowered by the council to enlist those who were to go out for the alliance, they enrolled none of the distinguished and worthy men, but selecting the poorest and most unprincipled of the common people, from whom they were always suspecting some revolutionary designs, they completed the expeditionary force from these; and having launched ten old ships that sailed very badly, of which the poorest of the Cumaeans were trierarchs, they made them embark in these, threatening them with death if any one should fail to join the campaign.

Notes

  1. 7.5.1ὑπὸ Τυρρηνῶν πολεμουμένοις — Present passive participle with ὑπό + genitive (agent). Although the active verb πολεμέω takes the dative ('to make war on someone'), here in the passive voice it indicates that the Aricini (σφίσιν) are the objects of the Tyrrhenians' attack.
  2. 7.5.2ὡς δὴ τὰ πολέμια λαμπρόν — The combination of the conjunction ὡς and the particle δή introduces a subjective pretense or irony ('as if, allegedly'). It highlights that the aristocrats' praise of Aristodemus was merely a deceitful pretext to send him on a dangerous expedition.
  3. 7.5.3γενόμενοι γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς κύριοι — The prepositional phrase ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς ('by the council') modifies the adjective κύριοι ('having authority/control'), indicating the agent who granted this authority. This structure shows that the aristocrats legally acquired the power of enlistment through the council's decree.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §7.5.1-7.5.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.5.1-7.5.3

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