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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.43.1-6.43.4

Valerius' Colonization and Demand for Debt Relief

Passage 449 of 962 · Greek

Summary

After winning the war, Valerius disbands the army and sends poor colonists to the conquered territory. When he demands that the senate fulfill its promises, he faces fierce opposition from young patricians and, after protesting, leaves the senate house to address the people.

§6.43.1Οὐαλέριος δὲ κατὰ νοῦν χωρήσαντος αὐτῷ τοῦ πολέμου τὸν εἰωθότα θρίαμβον ἀπὸ τῆς νίκης καταγαγὼν ἀπέλυσε τὸν δῆμον ἀπὸ τῆς στρατείας, οὔπω τῆς βουλῆς καιρὸν εἶναι νομιζούσης, ἵνα μὴ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις ἀπαιτοῖεν οἱ ἄποροι· εἰς δὲ τὴν δορίκτητον, ἣν Οὐολούσκους ἀφείλοντο, κληρούχους ἀπέστειλεν ἐπιλέξας ἄνδρας ἐκ τῶν ἀπόρων, οἳ τήν τε πολεμίαν φρουρήσειν ἔμελλον καὶ τὸ ἐν τῇ πόλει στασιάζον ἔλαττον ἀπολείψειν.
Valerius, the war having proceeded according to his wishes, having celebrated the customary triumph from the victory, disbanded the people from military service, although the senate did not yet think it was the proper time, lest the needy should demand their promises; and into the conquered land which they had taken from the Volscians, he sent colonists, selecting men from the needy, who were both to guard the enemy's territory and to leave the seditious element in the city smaller.
§6.43.2ταῦτα διοικησάμενος ἠξίου τὴν βουλὴν τὰς ὑποσχέσεις αὐτῷ βεβαιῶσαι κεκομισμένην τὸ παρὰ τοῦ πλήθους πρόθυμον ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν.
Having arranged these matters, he demanded that the senate confirm his promises, since it had received the eager cooperation from the multitude in the struggles.
ὡς δʼ οὐ προσεῖχεν αὐτῷ τὸν νοῦν, ἀλλʼ, ὅπερ πρότερον ἠναντιοῦτο, τῇ γνώμῃ συστρέψαντες ἑαυτοὺς νέοι καὶ βίαιοι καὶ πλήθει τῶν ἑτέρων ἐπικρατοῦντες καὶ τότε ἀντέπραττον καὶ πολλῇ καταβοῇ ἐχρῶντο, τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ δημοκόλακα ἀποφαίνοντες καὶ νόμων πονηρῶν ἀρχηγόν, ᾧ δὲ μάλιστα ἠγάλλοντο οἱ ἄνδρες ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῶν δικαστηρίων πολιτεύματι, τούτῳ πᾶσαν ἠφανικέναι τὴν τῶν πατρικίων δυναστείαν αἰτιώμενοι· σχετλιάσας ὁ Οὐαλέριος πολλὰ καὶ ὡς οὐ δίκαια πάσχοι διαβεβλημένος ὑπʼ αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον ὀνειδίσας, τήν τε μέλλουσαν καταλήψεσθαι σφᾶς τύχην τοιαῦτα βουλευσαμένους ἀνακλαυσάμενος, καὶ οἷα εἰκὸς ἐν τοιούτῳ κακῷ, τὰ μὲν ἐκ πάθους, τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλεῖόν τι τῶν πολλῶν νοεῖν, ἀποθεσπίσας, ᾤχετο ἀπιὼν ἐκ τοῦ βουλευτηρίου· καὶ συγκαλέσας τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν, ἔλεξε· §6.43.3πολλὴν χάριν ὑμῖν εἰδώς, ὦ πολῖται, τῆς τε προθυμίας, ἣν παρέσχεσθέ μοι ἑκούσιοι συναράμενοι τοῦ πολέμου, καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον τῆς ἀρετῆς, ἣν ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν ἐπεδείξασθε, μεγάλην μὲν ἐποιούμην σπουδὴν ἀμείψασθαι ὑμᾶς τοῖς τε ἄλλοις καὶ τῷ μὴ ψεύσασθαι τὰς ὑποσχέσεις, ἃς ὑπὲρ τῆς βουλῆς ἐποιούμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ εἰς ὁμόνοιαν ἤδη ποτὲ καταστῆσαι τὴν στάσιν ὑμῶν σύμβουλος καὶ διαιτητὴς ἀμφοῖν γενόμενος·
But as it paid no attention to him, but—just as they had opposed before—the young, violent men, who prevailed in number over the others, combining themselves in opinion, then also opposed him and made a great outcry, declaring his house to be a flatterer of the people and the originator of harmful laws, and accusing him of having destroyed all the power of the patricians by that very political act in the assembly of the courts in which the men gloried most; Valerius, having complained much and having reproached them that he was suffering unjust treatment, being slandered by them to the people, and having lamented the fortune that was going to overtake them after they had made such decisions, and having prophesied—as was natural in such an evil situation—some things from emotion and others from knowing more than the multitude, went away, departing from the senate house; and having called the people together to an assembly, he spoke: "Feeling great gratitude to you, O citizens, both for the zeal which you showed to me of your own free will by taking part in the war, and still more for the valor which you displayed in the struggles, I was making a great effort to requite you, both in other ways and by not falsifying the promises which I made to you on behalf of the senate, and to restore your faction to harmony at last, having become an adviser and mediator to both sides.
κωλύομαι δὲ πράττειν αὐτὰ διὰ τοὺς οὐ τὰ βέλτιστα τῷ κοινῷ, τὰ δὲ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῷ παρόντι κεχαρισμένα προαιρουμένους, οἳ πλήθει τʼ ἐπικρατοῦντες τῶν ἑτέρων καὶ δυνάμει, ἣν τὸ νέον αὐτοῖς παρέχεται μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ πράγματα, ἔρρωνται.
But I am prevented from doing these things by those who do not choose what is best for the state, but what is agreeable to themselves at present, who, prevailing in number and power over the others, which youth provides them rather than the state of affairs, are strong.
§6.43.4ἐγὼ δὲ γέρων τε δή, ὡς ὁρᾶτε, καὶ ἑτέρους τοιούτους ἔχω συμμάχους, ὧν ἡ ἐν τῇ γνώμῃ οὖσα ἰσχὺς ἀδύνατός ἐστιν ἔργῳ ἐπεξελθεῖν, καὶ περιέστηκεν ἡ δοκοῦσα ἡμῶν τοῦ κοινοῦ πρόνοια ἰδία πρὸς ἑκάτερον μέρος ἀπέχθεια φαινομένη.
But I am an old man, as you see, and I have other such allies, whose strength existing in their minds is unable in deed to carry things out, and our seeming foresight for the common good has turned out to be a private hatred visible to each side.
τῇ τε γὰρ βουλῇ διʼ αἰτίας εἰμὶ ὡς τὸ ὑμέτερον πλῆθος θεραπεύων καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς διαβέβλημαι, ὡς ἐκείνῃ μᾶλλον τὴν εὔνοιαν ἀποδεικνύμενος.
For both to the senate I am under blame as courting your multitude, and before you I am slandered as showing goodwill rather to them."

Notes

  1. 6.43.1οὔπω τῆς βουλῆς καιρὸν εἶναι νομιζούσης — This is a genitive absolute construction containing an accusative and infinitive clause `καιρὸν εἶναι` inside the participle `νομιζούσης`. It expresses a concessive or background circumstance explaining the senate's intention (wishing to delay disbandment so that the poor would not make demands) in relation to the purpose clause introduced by `ἵνα`.
  2. 6.43.2κεκομισμένην — A perfect middle-passive participle in the accusative feminine singular, modifying `τὴν βουλὴν` (the direct object of `ἠξίου`). It functions with an active transitive meaning ('since the senate had received'), representing a state completed prior to the main verb `ἠξίου`.
  3. 6.43.2ᾧ δὲ μάλιστα ἠγάλλοντο οἱ ἄνδρες ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῶν δικαστηρίων πολιτεύματι, τούτῳ — An attraction of the relative pronoun occurs here, where the relative `ᾧ` attracts its antecedent noun `πολιτεύματι` into the relative clause. The demonstrative `τούτῳ` in the main clause is a dative of means or cause depending on `αἰτιώμενοι` ('accusing him ... because of/by this very political measure in which the men gloried most').
  4. 6.43.4περιέστηκεν — The perfect active form of `περιίστημι`, which has an intransitive meaning of 'to turn out to be,' 'to result in,' or 'to shift into.' The subject is `ἡ δοκοῦσα ἡμῶν τοῦ κοινοῦ πρόνοια` ('our seeming foresight for the common good'), and combined with the predicative participle `φαινομένη`, it describes an ironic and unintended reversal of outcomes.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.43.1-6.43.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.43.1-6.43.4

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