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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.4.1-6.4.4

Arrival of Virginius and Capture of the Strategic Hill

Passage 410 of 962 · Greek

Summary

While the Latin leaders debate their strategy, the Roman consul Virginius arrives suddenly and pitches camp, trapping the Latins on both sides. Recognizing the enemy's lack of generalship, the dictator Postumius sends his master of the horse to successfully capture a key hill along the Latins' supply route by night.

§6.4.1οἱ δὲ τῶν Λατίνων ἡγεμόνες, Ὀκταούιός τε ὁ Τυσκλανὸς ὁ Ταρκυνίου τοῦ βασιλέως γαμβρός, ὡς δέ τινες γράφουσιν, υἱὸς τοῦ γαμβροῦ, καὶ Σέξτος Ταρκύνιος· ἐτύγχανον γὰρ δὴ τηνικαῦτα χωρὶς ἀλλήλων ἐστρατοπεδευκότες· εἰς ἓν συνάγουσι τὰς δυνάμεις χωρίον καὶ παραλαβόντες τοὺς χιλιάρχους τε καὶ λοχαγοὺς ἐσκόπουν, ὅστις ἔσται τρόπος τοῦ πολέμου·
The leaders of the Latins, Octavius the Tusculan, the son-in-law of King Tarquinius (or, as some write, the son of his son-in-law), and Sextus Tarquinius—for they happened at that time to be encamped apart from one another—assembled their forces in one place, and, calling together the military tribunes and centurions, considered what should be the manner of the war.
§6.4.2καὶ πολλαὶ γνῶμαι ἐλέχθησαν.
And many opinions were expressed.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἐφόδου χωρεῖν ἠξίουν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἅμα τῷ δικτάτορι καταλαβομένους τὸ ὄρος, ἕως ἔτι ἦσαν αὐτοῖς φοβεροί, οὐκ ἀσφαλείας σημεῖον εἶναι νομίζοντες τὴν τῶν ἐχυρῶν κατάληψιν, ἀλλὰ δειλίας·
For some thought they should immediately march against those who had occupied the mountain with the dictator, while they were still a terror to them, considering the occupation of strong positions to be a sign, not of security, but of cowardice.
οἱ δὲ τοὺς μὲν ἀποταφρεύσαντας ὀλίγῃ τινὶ κατείργειν φυλακῇ, τὴν δʼ ἄλλην δύναμιν ἀναλαβόντας ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥώμην ἄγειν ὡς ῥᾳδίαν ἁλῶναι τῆς κρατίστης νεότητος ἐξεληλυθυίας·
Others advised that they should shut them in with a trench and keep them there with a small guard, and, taking the rest of the army, march against Rome, as being easy to capture, since the best of the youth had marched out.
οἱ δὲ τὰς Οὐολούσκων τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμμάχων βοηθείας ἀναμένειν συνεβούλευον τὰ ἀσφαλέστερα πρὸ τῶν θρασυτέρων αἱρουμένους· Ῥωμαίους μὲν γὰρ οὐθὲν ἀπολαύσειν ἐκ τῆς τριβῆς τοῦ χρόνου, ἑαυτοῖς δὲ βραδυνόμενα κρείττω γενήσεσθαι τὰ πράγματα.
But others advised that they should await the assistance of the Volscians and of the other allies, choosing the safer course in preference to the bolder; for the Romans would gain nothing by the waste of time, whereas their own affairs would improve by delay.
§6.4.3ἔτι δʼ αὐτῶν βουλευομένων ἧκεν ἐκ Ῥώμης ὁ ἕτερος τῶν ὑπάτων Τῖτος Οὐεργίνιος ἔχων τὴν σὺν ἑαυτῷ δύναμιν αἰφνίδιος ἐν τῇ κατόπιν νυκτὶ τὴν ὁδὸν διανύσας καὶ στρατοπεδεύεται δίχα τοῦ δικτάτορος ἐφʼ ἑτέρας ῥάχεως ὀρεινῆς πάνυ καὶ ἐχυρᾶς· ὥστʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἀποκεκλεῖσθαι τοὺς Λατίνους τῶν ἐπὶ τὴν πολεμίαν ἐξόδων, τοῦ μὲν ὑπάτου τῶν ἀριστερῶν προκαθημένου μερῶν, τοῦ δὲ δικτάτορος τῶν δεξιῶν.
While they were still deliberating, the other of the consuls, Titus Virginius, arrived from Rome with the army under his command, having completed his march suddenly during the following night, and encamped apart from the dictator on another mountain ridge which was very steep and secure; so that the Latins were shut out on both sides from their advances into the enemy's country, the consul being posted on their left and the dictator on their right.
§6.4.4ἔτι δὲ πλείονος ταραχῆς κατασχούσης τοὺς οὐδὲν πλεῖον τῶν ἀσφαλῶν προελομένους ἡγεμόνας καὶ δέους, μὴ τὰ οἰκεῖα οὐ πολλὰ ὄντα δαπανᾶν ἀναγκάζωνται βραδύνοντες, μαθὼν ὁ Ποστόμιος, ὅσον ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς τὸ ἄπειρον στρατηγίας, πέμπει τὸν ἱππάρχην Τῖτον Αἰβούτιον ἄγοντα τοὺς ἀκμαιοτάτους ἱππεῖς τε καὶ ψιλούς, καταλαβέσθαι κελεύσας ὄρος τι καλῶς ἐν παρόδῳ κείμενον ταῖς παρακομιζομέναις Λατίνοις ἀγοραῖς οἴκοθεν· καὶ φθάνει πρὶν αἰσθέσθαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἡ σὺν τῷ ἱππάρχῃ πεμφθεῖσα δύναμις νύκτωρ παρενεχθεῖσα καὶ διʼ ὕλης ἀτριβοῦς διελθοῦσα καὶ γενομένη ἐγκρατὴς τοῦ λόφου.
And when still greater confusion and fear seized the leaders who had chosen nothing but safe courses, lest by delaying they should be forced to consume their own provisions, which were not numerous, Postumius, learning how great was their lack of experience in generalship, sent the master of the horse, Titus Aebutius, leading the strongest of the horsemen and light-armed troops, ordering him to occupy a certain mountain which lay advantageously on the route of the provisions being brought to the Latins from home; and the force sent with the master of the horse, having advanced by night and passed through an untrodden forest, anticipated the enemy before they noticed it, and got possession of the hill.

Notes

  1. 6.4.2ἕως ἔτι ἦσαν αὐτοῖς φοβεροί — Interpreted as "while they (the Latins) were still a source of fear to them (the Romans)." The subject of ἦσαν is the Latins, and the dative αὐτοῖς refers to the Romans. Although the reverse interpretation ("while the Romans were still fearful to the Latins") is grammatically possible, it does not suit the context of the Latins advocating a bold, immediate attack while their morale remains high.
  2. 6.4.2τῆς κρατίστης νεότητος ἐξεληλυθυίας — A genitive absolute construction expressing cause ("since the best of the youth had marched out").
  3. 6.4.4δέους, μὴ τὰ οἰκεῖα ... δαπανᾶν ἀναγκάζωνται — A subordinate clause introduced by the noun of fearing δέους. μή expresses apprehension ("lest" or "that"), taking the subjunctive ἀναγκάζωνται.
  4. 6.4.4φθάνει πρὶν αἰσθέσθαι τοὺς πολεμίους — The verb of anticipating φθάνω is used in combination with πρίν (governing an infinitive) to emphasize temporal priority, meaning "to anticipate doing something before the enemy notices."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.4.1-6.4.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.4.1-6.4.4

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