§5.70.1ἐν τοιαύτῃ δὴ καταστάσει τῶν κοινῶν ὑπαρχόντων σκοποῦσα ἡ βουλή, διʼ οὗ μάλιστα διαπράξεται τρόπου μηθὲν ἔτι νεωτερίσαι τοὺς δημοτικούς, ἔκρινε τὴν μὲν ὑπατικὴν ἐξουσίαν ἀνελεῖν κατὰ τὸ παρόν, ἑτέραν δέ τινα ἀρχὴν ἀποδεῖξαι πολέμου τε καὶ εἰρήνης καὶ παντὸς ἄλλου πράγματος κυρίαν, αὐτοκράτορα καὶ ἀνυπεύθυνον, ὧν ἂν βουλεύσηται καὶ πράξῃ.
In such a state of public affairs, the senate, considering by what means it could best prevent the plebeians from making any further revolution, decided to abolish the consular power for the present, and to appoint another magistrate who should have full power over war, peace, and every other matter, being absolute and unaccountable for whatever he should design and execute.
§5.70.2χρόνου δʼ εἶναι μέτρον τῇ νέᾳ ἀρχῇ μῆνας ἕξ, μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἑξάμηνον αὖθις ἄρχειν τοὺς ὑπάτους.
And they decided that the measure of time for this new office should be six months, and that after the six months the consuls should rule again.
τὰ δʼ ἀναγκάσαντα αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τῷ καταλῦσαι τὸ τυραννικὸν πόλεμον αὐθαίρετον ὑπομεῖναι τυραννίδα πολλὰ μὲν καὶ ἄλλα ἦν, ὑπὲρ ἅπαντα δʼ ὁ κυρωθεὶς ὑφʼ ἑνὸς τῶν ὑπάτων Ποπλίου Οὐαλερίου τοῦ κληθέντος Ποπλικόλα νόμος, ὑπὲρ οὗ κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἔφην, ὅτι τὰς τῶν ὑπάτων γνώμας ἀκύρους ἐποίησε, μὴ τιμωρεῖσθαι Ῥωμαίων τινὰ πρὸ δίκης, ἐπιτρέψας τοῖς ἀγομένοις ἐπὶ τὰς κολάσεις ὑπʼ αὐτῶν προκαλεῖσθαι τὴν διάγνωσιν ἐπὶ τὸν δῆμον, καὶ τέως ἂν ἡ πληθὺς ἐνέγκῃ ψῆφον ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν σώμασί τε καὶ βίοις τὸ ἀσφαλὲς ἔχειν· τὸν δὲ παρὰ ταῦτά τι ποιεῖν ἐπιχειροῦντα νηποινὶ τεθνάναι κελεύων.
The causes which compelled the senate, after overthrowing the tyranny, to submit to a voluntary war and a tyranny, were many other things indeed, but above all the law enacted by one of the consuls, Publius Valerius, called Poplicola, concerning which I spoke in the beginning, namely, that it made the decisions of the consuls invalid by forbidding any Roman to be punished before a trial, permitting those who were led by them to execution to appeal the decision to the people, and to have safety in their bodies and lives until the multitude should cast their vote concerning them; and ordering that anyone who attempted to do anything contrary to these provisions should be put to death with impunity.
§5.70.3ἐλογίζετο δὴ μένοντος μὲν κυρίου τοῦ νόμου τοῦδε μηθὲν ὑπηρετήσειν ἀναγκαζομένους ταῖς ἀρχαῖς τοὺς πένητας καταφρονοῦντας ὡς εἰκὸς τῶν τιμωριῶν, ἃς οὐ παραχρῆμα ὑφέξειν ἔμελλον, ἀλλʼ ὅταν ὁ δῆμος αὐτῶν καταψηφίσηται, ἀναιρεθέντος δʼ αὐτοῦ κατὰ πολλὴν ἀνάγκην τὰ κελευόμενα ποιήσειν ἅπαντας.
For the senate reasoned that as long as this law remained valid, the poor, naturally despising the punishments which they were not to undergo immediately but only when the people should condemn them, would yield no obedience to the magistrates when compelled; but if it were abolished, they would all perform what was commanded under great necessity.
ἵνα δὲ μηθὲν ἐναντιωθεῖεν οἱ πένητες, εἴ τις αὐτὸν καταλύοι τὸν νόμον ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, τὴν ἰσοτύραννον ἀρχὴν ἔκρινεν ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα παραγαγεῖν, ἣ πάντας ἔμελλεν ἕξειν ὑφʼ ἑαυτῇ τοὺς νόμους.
In order, therefore, that the poor might make no opposition if anyone should openly abolish the law, the senate decided to introduce into public affairs a magistrate equal to a tyrant, who was destined to have all the laws under his own power.
§5.70.4καὶ γράφει προβούλευμα, διʼ οὗ παρακρουσαμένη τοὺς πένητας καὶ τὸν βεβαιοῦντα τὴν ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς νόμον ἀνελοῦσα ἔλαθεν. ἦν δὲ τὸ προβούλευμα τοιόνδε·
And the senate drew up a preliminary decree, through which it secretly deceived the poor and abolished the law that secured their liberty.
Λάρκιον μὲν καὶ Κλοίλιον τοὺς τότε ὑπατεύοντας ἀποθέσθαι τὴν ἐξουσίαν, καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος ἀρχήν τινα εἶχεν ἢ πραγμάτων τινῶν κοινῶν ἐπιμέλειαν· ἕνα δʼ ἄνδρα, ὃν ἂν ἥ τε βουλὴ προέληται καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἐπιψηφίσῃ, τὴν ἁπάντων ἐξουσίαν παραλαβόντα ἄρχειν μὴ πλείονα χρόνον ἑξαμήνου, κρείττονα ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντα τῶν ὑπάτων.
The preliminary decree was as follows: that Lartius and Cloelius, who were then consuls, should lay down their power, as well as any other person who held any office or management of any public affairs; and that one man, whom the senate should select and the people should confirm by their vote, should receive the power over all things and rule for a time not exceeding six months, possessing a power superior to that of the consuls.
§5.70.5τοῦτʼ ἀγνοήσαντες, ἣν ἔχει δύναμιν, οἱ δημοτικοὶ ψηφίζονται κύρια εἶναι τὰ δόξαντα τῇ βουλῇ· ἦν δʼ ἄρα ἡ κρείττων ἀρχὴ τῆς κατὰ τοὺς νόμους τυραννίς·
The plebeians, being ignorant of what power this measure contained, voted that the decrees of the senate should be valid; but this superior office was, in truth, a tyranny according to the laws.
τήν τε αἵρεσιν τοῦ μέλλοντος ἄρχειν τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ συνεδρίου συνεχώρησαν αὐτοῖς ἐφʼ ἑαυτῶν βουλευομένοις ποιήσασθαι.
And they permitted the senators to make the choice of the future ruler by themselves deliberating on their own.