Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.69.1-5.69.3

Senate Decree on Debt Suspension and Plebeian Discontent

Passage 398 of 962 · Greek

Summary

After various compromise proposals on the debt issue were debated in the senate, a preliminary decree was passed to suspend all debt collections and trials until after the war, but some of the plebeians demanded immediate debt relief and remained dissatisfied.

§5.69.1αὗται μὲν αἱ πλεῖστον ἀλλήλων διαφέρουσαι γνῶμαι ἐλέχθησαν, ἕτεραι δέ τινες αἱ τὴν μεταξὺ τούτων ἔχουσαι χώραν συχναί. οἱ μὲν γὰρ αὐτοὺς μόνον ἀφεῖσθαι τῶν χρεῶν τοὺς μηδὲν κεκτημένους ἠξίουν, τὰ χρήματα ποιοῦντες ἀγώγιμα τοῖς δανεισταῖς, οὐ τὰ σώματα· οἱ δὲ τὸ δημόσιον ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδυνάτων διαλῦσαι τὰ συμβόλαια συνεβούλευον, ἵνα ἥ τε πίστις τῶν πενήτων ὑπὸ τῆς δημοσίας φυλαχθῇ χάριτος καὶ οἱ συμβεβληκότες αὐτοῖς μηθὲν ἀδικηθῶσιν. ἐδόκει δέ τισι καὶ τῶν ἤδη κατεχομένων πρὸς τὰ χρέα καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἀφαιρεθήσεσθαι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ῥύσασθαι τὰ σώματα, ἐκ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἕτερα τοῖς δανεισταῖς διαμειψαμένους ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν σώματα.
These opinions, which differed most from one another, were spoken, as well as many other opinions which held the middle ground between them. For some demanded that only those who possessed nothing should be released from their debts, making their property, not their bodies, subject to seizure by the creditors; while others advised that the treasury should discharge the contracts on behalf of those who were unable to pay, so that the faith of the poor might be preserved by public favor and those who had lent to them might suffer no injustice. And it seemed good to some to rescue the bodies both of those who were already held for their debts and of those who were about to be deprived of their liberty, by exchanging other bodies from among the prisoners of war with the creditors on their behalf. These opinions, which differed most from one another, were spoken, as well as many other opinions which held the middle ground between them. For some demanded that only those who possessed nothing should be released from their debts, making their property, not their bodies, subject to seizure by the creditors; while others advised that the treasury should discharge the contracts on behalf of those who were unable to pay, so that the faith of the poor might be preserved by public favor and those who had lent to them might suffer no injustice. And it seemed good to some to rescue the bodies both of those who were already held for their debts and of those who were about to be deprived of their liberty, by exchanging other bodies from among the prisoners of war with the creditors on their behalf.
§5.69.2τοιούτων δέ τινων λεχθέντων ἡ νικῶσα ἦν γνώμη, μηθὲν ἐν τῷ παρόντι γενέσθαι περὶ αὐτῶν προβούλευμα· ὅταν δὲ τὸ κράτιστον τέλος οἱ πόλεμοι λάβωσι, τότε προθεῖναι τοὺς ὑπάτους λόγον καὶ ψῆφον ἀναδοῦναι τοῖς συνέδροις· τέως δὲ μηδεμίαν εἴσπραξιν εἶναι μήτε συμβολαίου μηθενὸς μήτε καταδίκης μηδεμιᾶς, ἀφεῖσθαι δὲ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἀμφισβητήσεις πάσας, καὶ μήτε τὰ δικαστήρια καθίζειν μήτε τὰς ἀρχὰς διαγινώσκειν περὶ μηθενὸς ἔξω τῶν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ἀνηκόντων.
After such opinions had been spoken, the prevailing opinion was that no preliminary decree should be made concerning them at present; but that, when the wars should have reached the best conclusion, then the consuls should propose the motion and hand over the vote to the senators; and in the meantime there should be no collection of any contract or of any judgment, and all other disputes also should be suspended, and neither should the courts sit, nor should the magistrates decide about anything except what pertained to the war.
§5.69.3τοῦτο τὸ προβούλευμα εἰς τὸν δῆμον ἐξενεχθὲν ἐμείωσε μέν τι τῆς πολιτικῆς ταραχῆς, οὐ μὴν ἅπαν γε τὸ στασιάζον ἐξεῖλεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως.
When this preliminary decree was brought out to the people, it diminished somewhat the political disturbance, but did not indeed remove all the rebellious element from the city.
ἦσαν γάρ τινες ἐκ τοῦ θητικοῦ πλήθους, οἷς οὐκ ἐφαίνετο ἀποχρῶσα εἶναι βοήθεια ἡ παρὰ τῆς βουλῆς ἐλπὶς φανερὸν οὐδὲ βέβαιον ἔχουσα οὐδέν· ἀλλὰ δυεῖν θάτερον αὐτὴν ἠξίουν ποιεῖν, ἢ διδόναι σφίσιν ἤδη τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν χρεῶν, εἰ βούλεται κοινωνοὺς τῶν κινδύνων ἔχειν, ἢ μὴ φενακίζειν εἰς ἑτέρους ἀναβαλλομένην χρόνους· οὐ γὰρ ὁμοίας εἶναι τὰς διανοίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων δεομένων τε καὶ ἀποπληρωθέντων, ὅτου ἂν δεηθῶσιν.
For there were some among the crowd of laborers to whom the hope from the senate did not seem to be a sufficient help, as it held nothing clear or certain; but they demanded that it should do one of two things: either give them the release of their debts already now, if it wished to have them as partners in the dangers, or not cheat them by postponing it to other times; for, they said, the minds of men when they are in need are not similar to their minds when they have been satisfied in whatever they had needed.

Notes

  1. 5.69.1ἕτεραι δέ τινες αἱ τὴν μεταξὺ τούτων ἔχουσαι χώραν συχναί — The main verb (such as ἐλέχθησαν) is omitted. The adjective συχναί (many) agrees with ἕτεραι δέ τινες, meaning "many other opinions holding the middle position (την μεταξύ τούτων χώραν) between these."
  2. 5.69.1ἐδόκει δέ τισι καὶ τῶν ἤδη κατεχομένων ... ῥύσασθαι τὰ σώματα — The subject of the infinitive ῥύσασθαι is indicated by the accusative plural participle διαμειψαμένους (by exchanging). The genitives τῶν κατεχομένων and τῶν μελλόντων depend on τὰ σώματα, which is the direct object of ῥύσασθαι.
  3. 5.69.2μηθὲν ἐν τῷ παρόντι γενέσθαι ... προβούλευμα — This section is structured around a series of infinitives (γενέσθαι, προθεῖναι, ἀναδοῦναι, εἶναι, ἀφεῖσθαι, καθίζειν, διαγινώσκειν) depending on ἡ νικῶσα ἦν γνώμη (the prevailing opinion was...), functioning as infinitives of command or decree detailing the contents of the senatorial resolution.
  4. 5.69.3οὐ γὰρ ὁμοίας εἶναι τὰς διανοίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων δεομένων τε καὶ ἀποπληρωθέντων — The infinitive εἶναι is used in indirect discourse introduced implicitly by ἠξίουν (they demanded/asserted). The participles δεομένων and ἀποπληρωθέντων function genitively with τῶν ἀνθρώπων, contrasting the state of mind of men "when they are in need" versus "when they have been satisfied."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.69.1-5.69.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.69.1-5.69.3

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.