Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.61.1-5.61.5

The Latin League's War Decree and Embassy to Rome

Passage 390 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The Latin cities, deeply shaken by the fall of Fidenae, are stirred up by Tarquinius and Mamilius to resolve on war against Rome. To justify their campaign, they send ambassadors to Rome demanding that the Romans submit to trial for assisting the Etruscans against Aricia, threatening total war otherwise.

§5.61.1ὡς δʼ ἀπηγγέλθη τοῖς Λατίνοις ἡ τῆς Φιδήνης ἅλωσις, ὀρθὴ καὶ περίφοβος πᾶσα πόλις ἦν, καὶ τοῖς προεστηκόσι τῶν κοινῶν ἅπαντες ἐχαλέπαινον ὡς προδεδωκόσι τοὺς συμμάχους.
When the capture of Fidenae was announced to the Latins, every city was excited and terrified, and everyone was angry with those who presided over public affairs as having betrayed their allies.
συναχθείσης δʼ ἀγορᾶς ἐν Φερεντίνῳ πολλὴν ἐποιοῦντο τῶν ἀποσπευδόντων τὸν πόλεμον κατηγορίαν οἱ τὰ ὅπλα πείθοντες αὐτοὺς ἀναλαβεῖν, μάλιστα δὲ Ταρκύνιός τε καὶ ὁ κηδεστὴς αὐτοῦ Μαμίλιος καὶ οἱ προεστηκότες τῆς Ἀρικηνῶν πόλεως.
An assembly having been gathered at Ferentinum, those who were persuading them to take up arms made a great accusation against those who discouraged the war, and especially Tarquinius and his son-in-law Mamilius and the leaders of the city of Aricia.
§5.61.2ὑφʼ ὧν ἐκδημαγωγηθέντες, ὅσοι τοῦ Λατίνων μετεῖχον γένους, κοινῇ τὸν κατὰ Ῥωμαίων ἀναιροῦνται πόλεμον· καὶ ἵνα πόλις μηδεμία μήτε προδῷ τὸ κοινὸν μήτε προκαταλύσηται τὴν ἔχθραν ἄνευ τῆς ἁπάντων γνώμης ὅρκους ἔδοσαν ἀλλήλοις, καὶ τοὺς μὴ φυλάξοντας τὰς ὁμολογίας ἐκσπόνδους εἶναι καὶ καταράτους ἐψηφίσαντο καὶ πολεμίους ἁπάντων.
Stirred up by these men, as many as belonged to the Latin race undertook in common the war against the Romans; and in order that no city should either betray the common cause or prematurely end the hostility without the consent of all, they exchanged oaths with one another, and voted that those who did not keep the agreements should be excluded from the treaty, accursed, and enemies of all.
§5.61.3οἱ δʼ ἐγγραψάμενοι ταῖς συνθήκαις ταῦτα πρόβουλοι καὶ τοὺς ὅρκους ὀμόσαντες ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν πόλεων ἦσαν ἄνδρες, Ἀρδεατῶν, Ἀρικηνῶν, Βοϊλλανῶν, Βουβεντανῶν, Κόρνων, Καρυεντανῶν, Κιρκαιητῶν, Κοριολανῶν, Κορβιντῶν, Καβανῶν, Φορτινείων, Γαβίων, Λαυρεντίνων, Λανουινίων, Λαβινιατῶν, Λαβικανῶν, Νωμεντανῶν, Νωρβανῶν, Πραινεστίνων, Πεδανῶν, Κορκοτουλανῶν, Σατρικανῶν, Σκαπτηνίων, Σητίνων, Τιβουρτίνων, Τυσκλανῶν, Τοληρίνων, Τελληνίων, Οὐελιτρανῶν·
And the deputies who signed these treaties and swore the oaths were men from these cities: Ardea, Aricia, Bovillae, Bubentum, Cora, Caruentum, Circeii, Corioli, Corbio, Cabum, Fortine, Gabii, Laurentum, Lanuvium, Lavinium, Labici, Nomentum, Norba, Praeneste, Pedum, Corcotula, Satricum, Scaptia, Setia, Tibur, Tusculum, Tolerium, Tellenae, and Velitrae.
ἐκ τούτων ἁπασῶν τῶν πόλεων τοὺς ἐν ἀκμῇ συστρατεύειν ὅσων ἂν δέῃ τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ὀκταουΐῳ Μαμιλίῳ καὶ Σέξτῳ Ταρκυνίῳ· τούτους γὰρ ἀπέδειξαν στρατηγοὺς αὐτοκράτορας.
They decreed that from all these cities those in the prime of life should serve together, as many as the commanders Octavius Mamilius and Sextus Tarquinius should need; for they appointed these men as generals with absolute power.
§5.61.4ἵνα δʼ εὐπρεπεῖς δόξωσι ποιεῖσθαι τὰς τοῦ πολέμου προφάσεις, πρεσβευτὰς ἐξ ἑκάστης πόλεως τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους εἰς Ῥώμην ἀπέστειλαν, οἳ καταστάντες ἐπὶ τὴν βουλὴν ἔλεγον κατηγορεῖσθαι τὴν πόλιν αὐτῶν ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως τῶν Ἀρικηνῶν, ὅτι πόλεμον ἐπιφερόντων Τυρρηνῶν Ἀρικηνοῖς οὐ μόνον ἀσφαλεῖς παρέσχον αὐτοῖς διὰ τῆς ἑαυτῶν χώρας τὰς διόδους, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνέπραξαν ὅσων αὐτοῖς εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ἔδει, καὶ τοὺς φυγόντας ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς ὑποδεξάμενοι τραυματίας καὶ ἀνόπλους ἅπαντας ὄντας ἔσωσαν, οὐκ ἀγνοοῦντες, ὅτι κοινὸν ἐπῆγον ἅπασι τοῖς ὁμοεθνέσι πόλεμον, καὶ εἰ τὴν Ἀρικηνῶν πόλιν ὑποχείριον ἔλαβον, οὐδὲν ἂν ἦν τὸ κωλῦσον αὐτοὺς καὶ τὰς ἄλλας καταδουλώσασθαι πόλεις ἁπάσας.
But in order that they might seem to make plausible pretexts for the war, they sent the most illustrious ambassadors from each city to Rome, who, appearing before the senate, said that their city was accused by the city of the Aricini, because when the Etruscans brought war against the Aricini, the Romans had not only provided them with safe passage through their own territory, but had also assisted them with as many things as they needed for the war, and, having received those who fled from the defeat, who were all wounded and unarmed, had saved them, not being ignorant that they were bringing a war common to all of the same race, and that if they had taken the city of the Aricini, there would have been nothing to prevent them from enslaving all the other cities as well.
§5.61.5εἰ μὲν οὖν βουλήσονται δίκας Ἀρικηνοῖς ὑπέχειν ἐπὶ τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Λατίνων ἀφικόμενοι δικαστήριον καὶ στέρξουσι τοῖς ὑπὸ πάντων δικασθησομένοις, οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἔφασαν δεήσειν πολέμου· εἰ δὲ τὴν συνήθη φυλάξαντες αὐθάδειαν, οὐδὲν ἀξιώσουσι συγχωρεῖν τοῖς συγγενέσι τῶν δικαίων καὶ μετρίων, ἠπείλουν πολεμήσειν αὐτοῖς Λατίνους ἅπαντας ἀνὰ κράτος.
If, therefore, they should be willing to submit to trial before the Aricini, coming to the common court of the Latins, and acquiesce in whatever should be decided by all, they said they would have no need of war; but if, keeping their accustomed arrogance, they should deign to concede nothing of what is just and moderate to their kinsmen, they threatened that all the Latins would make war on them with all their might.

Notes

  1. 5.61.1τῶν ἀποσπευδόντων τὸν πόλεμον — The genitive phrase 'τῶν ἀποσπευδόντων τὸν πόλεμον' is an objective genitive dependent on the noun 'κατηγορίαν' ('accusation'), meaning 'accusation against those who discouraged the war'.
  2. 5.61.2ἵνα πόλις μηδεμία μήτε προδῷ τὸ κοινὸν μήτε προκαταλύσηται τὴν ἔχθραν — A purpose clause introduced by 'ἵνα' with the subjunctive ('προδῷ' and 'προκαταλύσηται'), modifying the main verb 'ὅρκους ἔδοσαν ἀλλήλοις' ('they exchanged oaths'). It expresses the purpose of their alliance: 'lest any city betray the common cause or prematurely end the hostility.'
  3. 5.61.3τοὺς ἐν ἀκμῇ συστρατεύειν — An accusative with infinitive construction, dependent on the verb of voting/decreeing ('ἐψηφίσαντο') understood from the preceding sentence, expressing the terms of the decree: 'that those in the prime of life should serve together.'
  4. p.v.2p.232κατηγορεῖσθαι τὴν πόλιν αὐτῶν — An accusative with passive infinitive construction. 'τὴν πόλιν αὐτῶν' ('their city') refers to the city of the Romans (the audience being addressed), meaning in indirect speech 'that their city was being accused [by the city of the Aricini].'

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.61.1-5.61.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.61.1-5.61.5

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.