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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.55.1-5.55.3

Sulpicius's Trap to Expose the Conspirators

Passage 384 of 962 · Greek

Summary

After dismissing the Latin ambassadors, the consul Sulpicius informed the senate of the conspiracy and received full power. He avoided tyrannical force or standard tribunals, instead devising a novel plan to trap the conspirators, making them gather voluntarily and exposing them with irrefutable proof before the public.

§5.55.1ταῦτα τοῖς πρέσβεσιν ἀποκρινάμενος καὶ προπέμψας ἐκ τῆς πόλεως μετὰ τοῦτο φράζει τῇ βουλῇ περὶ τῆς ἀπορρήτου συνωμοσίας, ἃ παρὰ τῶν μηνυτῶν ἔμαθε· καὶ λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρʼ αὐτῶν αὐτοκράτορα τοῦ διερευνήσασθαι τοὺς μετασχόντας τῶν ἀπορρήτων βουλευμάτων καὶ τοῦ κολάσαι τοὺς ἐξευρεθέντας, οὐ τὴν αὐθάδη καὶ τυραννικὴν ἦλθεν ὁδόν, ὡς ἕτερος ἄν τις ἐποίησεν εἰς τοσαύτην κατακλεισθεὶς ἀνάγκην· ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τὴν εὐλόγιστόν τε καὶ ἀσφαλῆ καὶ τῷ σχήματι τῆς καθεστώσης τότε πολιτείας ἀκόλουθον ἐτράπετο.
Having given this answer to the ambassadors and escorted them out of the city, after this he made known to the senate concerning the secret conspiracy what he had learned from the informers; and having received from them full power to investigate those who had participated in the secret designs and to punish those who were discovered, he did not enter upon the arrogant and tyrannical course, as anyone else would have done when forced into such a great necessity; but he turned to the prudent and safe course, which was consistent with the form of the government then established.
§5.55.2οὔτε γὰρ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν συλλαμβανομένους ἄγεσθαι τοὺς πολίτας ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον ἀποσπωμένους ἀπὸ γυναικῶν τε καὶ τέκνων καὶ πατέρων ἐβουλήθη, τόν τʼ οἶκτον ἐνθυμούμενος, οἷος ἔσται τῶν προσηκόντων ἑκάστοις παρὰ τὸν ἀποσπασμὸν τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων καὶ δεδοικώς, μή τινες ἀπονοηθέντες ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα τὴν ὁρμὴν λάβωσι, καὶ διʼ αἵματος ἐμφυλίου χωρήσῃ τὸ ἀναγκασθὲν παρανομεῖν· οὔτε δικαστήρια καθίζειν αὐτοῖς ᾤετο δεῖν, λογιζόμενος, ὅτι πάντες ἀρνήσονται καὶ οὐθὲν ἔσται βέβαιον τοῖς δικασταῖς τεκμήριον οὐδʼ ἀναμφίλεκτον ἔξω τῆς μηνύσεως, ᾧ πιστεύσαντες θάνατον τῶν πολιτῶν καταψηφιοῦνται· §5.55.3καινὸν δέ τινα τρόπον ἀπάτης ἐξεῦρε τῶν νεωτεριζόντων, διʼ οὗ πρῶτον μὲν αὐτοὶ μηδενὸς ἀναγκάζοντες εἰς ἓν χωρίον ἥξουσιν οἱ τῶν ἀπορρήτων βουλευμάτων ἡγεμόνες, ἔπειτʼ ἀναμφιλέκτοις ἁλώσονται τεκμηρίοις, ὥστε μηδʼ ἀπολογίαν αὐτοῖς καταλείπεσθαι μηδεμίαν, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις οὐκ εἰς ἔρημον συναχθέντες τόπον οὐδʼ ἐν ὀλίγοις μάρτυσιν ἐξελεγχθέντες, ἀλλʼ ἐν ἀγορᾷ πάντων ὁρώντων γενόμενοι καταφανεῖς ἃ προσήκει πείσονται, ταραχή τʼ οὐδεμία γενήσεται κατὰ τὴν πόλιν οὐδʼ ἐπαναστάσεις ἑτέρων, οἷα συμβαίνειν φιλεῖ περὶ τὰς κολάσεις τῶν νεωτεριζόντων, καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐν ἐπισφαλέσι καιροῖς.
For he did not wish that the citizens should be seized from their homes and dragged to death, torn away from their wives, children, and fathers, both considering the grief, of what sort it would be for the relatives of each at the separation from their nearest and dearest, and fearing lest some, driven to desperation, should rush to arms, and that those forced to break the law should resort to civil bloodshed; nor did he think he ought to set up tribunals for them, calculating that all would deny it and that there would be no certain or indisputable proof for the judges besides the disclosure, relying on which they would vote for the death of the citizens; but he devised a certain new method of deceiving the conspirators, by which, first of all, the leaders of the secret designs would come to one place of their own accord with no one forcing them, and then they would be convicted by indisputable proofs, so that not even any defense would be left to them; and furthermore, they would not be gathered into a deserted place nor convicted before a few witnesses, but, being made manifest in the forum before the eyes of all, they would suffer what they deserved, and no disturbance would occur in the city nor uprisings of others, such as usually happen in connection with the punishments of conspirators, and that too in precarious times.

Notes

  1. 5.55.1ὡς ἕτερος ἄν τις ἐποίησεν — The combination of the particle ἄν and the past indicative (ἐποίησεν) expresses a past counterfactual condition or potentiality ("as anyone else would have done [had they been in this situation]").
  2. 5.55.2οἷος ἔσται τῶν προσηκόντων ἑκάστοις — τῶν προσηκόντων is the genitive of the substantivized participle meaning "relatives" or "kinsmen." It functions as a subject genitive with the implied subject of the indirect question οἷος ἔσται (namely, ὁ οἶκτος), meaning "how great the grief of the relatives would be." ἑκάστοις is a dative of reference ("for each").
  3. 5.55.2τὸ ἀναγκασθὲν παρανομεῖν — The neuter singular participle τὸ ἀναγκασθὲν combined with the infinitive παρανομεῖν functions as the subject ("that which is compelled to transgress the law" or "the faction forced to break the law"), acting as the subject of the subjunctive verb χωρήσῃ. It expresses the fear that those driven to extremity and forced to act unlawfully would resort to civil bloodshed.
  4. 5.55.3μηδενὸς ἀναγκάζοντες — The nominative plural masculine participle ἀναγκάζοντες in the manuscript tradition agrees with the subject of the clause, οἱ τῶν ἀπορρήτων βουλευμάτων ἡγεμόνες. Instead of the expected genitive absolute μηδενὸς ἀναγκάζοντος ("with no one forcing them"), it is used active-intransitively to mean "forcing no one" or virtually "without anyone forcing them."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.55.1-5.55.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.55.1-5.55.3

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