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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §4.79.1-4.79.4

Brutus Denouncing Tarquinius for Murdering His Kin

Passage 323 of 962 · Greek

Summary

In the assembly, Brutus details the horrific crimes of Tarquinius, accusing him of poisoning his own brother and wife, murdering King Servius Tullius, and hanging his aunt Tarquinia, all committed with utmost impiety.

§4.79.1οὗτός ἐστιν, ἄνδρες πολῖται, ὁ Ταρκύνιος ὁ πρὸ τοῦ παραλαβεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν Ἄρροντα τὸν γνήσιον ἀδελφόν, ὅτι πονηρὸς οὐκ ἐβούλετο γενέσθαι, φαρμάκοις διαχρησάμενος, συνεργὸν εἰς τοῦτο τὸ μῦσος λαβὼν τὴν ἐκείνου γυναῖκα, τῆς δʼ αὐτῷ συνοικούσης ἀδελφήν, ἣν ἐμοίχευεν ὁ θεοῖς ἐχθρὸς ἔτι καὶ πάλαι·
This is the man, fellow citizens, this Tarquinius, who, before seizing the power, made away with his own brother Arruns by poison, because he did not wish to become wicked, taking as an accomplice in this pollution Arruns' wife, the sister of the one living with him, whom that enemy of the gods had been committing adultery with even long before.
§4.79.2οὗτος ὁ τὴν γαμετὴν γυναῖκα, σώφρονα καὶ τέκνων κοινωνὸν γεγονυῖαν, ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς ἡμέραις καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν φαρμάκων ἀποκτείνας οὐδʼ ἀφοσιώσασθαι τῶν φαρμακειῶν ἀμφοτέρων τὰς διαβολάς, ὡς οὐχ ὑφʼ ἑαυτοῦ γενομένων, ἠξίωσεν ἐλεεινῷ χρησάμενος σχήματι καὶ μικρᾷ προσποιήσει πένθους, ἀλλʼ εὐθὺς ἅμα τῷ αὐτὰ διαπράξασθαι τὰ θαυμαστὰ ἔργα, πρὶν ἢ μαρανθῆναι τὰς ὑποδεξαμένας τὰ δύστηνα σώματα πυράς, φίλους εἱστία καὶ γάμους ἐπετέλει καὶ τὴν ἀνδροφόνον νύμφην ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς ἀδελφῆς θάλαμον ἤγετο τὰς ἀπορρήτους ἐμπεδῶν πρὸς αὐτὴν ὁμολογίας· ἀνόσια καὶ ἐξάγιστα καὶ οὔθʼ Ἑλλάδος οὔτε βαρβάρου γῆς οὐδαμόθι γενόμενα πρῶτος εἰς τὴν Ῥωμαίων πόλιν εἰσαγαγὼν καὶ §4.79.3μόνος.
This is the man who, having killed his own wedded wife, who was prudent and the mother of his children, within the same days and by the same poison, did not even deign to clear himself of the charges of both poisonings, as if they had not been committed by himself, by employing a pitiable appearance and a slight pretense of mourning; but immediately upon having accomplished these "admirable" deeds, before the funeral pyres which had received those wretched bodies were extinguished, he feasted his friends, celebrated his nuptials, and led the murderess bride into the chamber of her sister, confirming his secret agreements with her; introducing impious and cursed deeds, which had never happened anywhere either in Greek or barbarian land, for the first time into the city of the Romans, and as the only one to do so.
οἷα δʼ ἐξειργάσατο, ὦ δημόται, τὰ περιβόητα καὶ δεινὰ περὶ τοὺς κηδεστὰς ἀμφοτέρους ἐπιχειρήματα ἐπὶ ταῖς δυσμαῖς ὄντας ἤδη τοῦ βίου;
And what notorious and terrible attempts, O plebeians, did he perpetrate against both his connections by marriage, who were already at the sunset of their lives?
Σερούιον μὲν Τύλλιον τὸν ἐπιεικέστατον τῶν βασιλέων καὶ πλεῖστα ὑμᾶς εὖ ποιήσαντα φανερῶς ἀποσφάξας καὶ οὔτʼ ἐκκομιδῆς οὔτε ταφῆς ἐάσας νομίμου τὸ σῶμα τυχεῖν·
He openly slaughtered Servius Tullius, the most gentle of kings and one who had done you many benefits, and did not permit his body to obtain either a funeral procession or a lawful burial.
§4.79.4Ταρκυνίαν δὲ τὴν ἐκείνου γυναῖκα, ἣν προσῆκεν αὐτῷ τιμᾶν ὥσπερ μητέρα, πατρὸς ἀδελφὴν οὖσαν καὶ σπουδαίαν περὶ αὐτὸν γενομένην, πρὶν ἢ πενθῆσαι καὶ τὰ νομιζόμενα τῷ κατὰ γῆς ἀνδρὶ ποιῆσαι τὴν ἀθλίαν ἀγχόνῃ διαχρησάμενος, ὑφʼ ὧν ἐσώθη καὶ παρʼ οἷς ἐτράφη καὶ οὓς διαδέξεσθαι μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν ἔμελλεν ὀλίγον ἀναμείνας, ἕως ὁ κατὰ φύσιν αὐτοῖς παραγένηται θάνατος.
And as for Tarquinia, the wife of that king, whom he ought to have honored as a mother, since she was his father's sister and had been devoted to him, before the wretched woman could mourn and perform the customary rites for her husband under the earth, he made away with her by hanging; not even waiting a little while until natural death came to them, by whom he had been saved, among whom he had been brought up, and whom he was to succeed after their death.

Notes

  1. 4.79.1ὅτι πονηρὸς οὐκ ἐβούλετο γενέσθαι — A subordinate clause introduced by the conjunction ὅτι, indicating the reason why Arruns was killed. The nominative predicate πονηρός refers to the subject (Arruns), meaning he refused to become "wicked" by participating in Tarquinius' evil schemes.
  2. 4.79.2οὐδʼ ἀφοσιώσασθαι τῶν φαρμακειῶν ἀμφοτέρων τὰς διαβολὰς ... ἠξίωσεν — ἠξίωσεν with an infinitive here means "deign to" or "willingly attempt to." Accompanied by the negative οὐδʼ, it means "did not even deign to." The middle infinitive ἀφοσιώσασθαι means to clear or purify oneself of the charges (διαβολάς) directed against him.
  3. 4.79.4ὑφʼ ὧν ἐσώθη καὶ παρʼ οἷς ἐτράφη καὶ οὓς διαδέξεσθαι μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν ἔμελλεν ὀλίγον ἀναμείνας — The antecedent of the relative pronouns ὧν, οἷς, and οὓς is contextually the couple Servius and Tarquinia, who are co-referential with the dative pronoun αὐτοῖς in the subsequent clause ἕως ὁ κατὰ φύσιν αὐτοῖς παραγένηται θάνατος. The participial phrase ὀλίγον ἀναμείνας ("having waited but a little while") modifies the context of their relationship, creating an inverted structure that highlights his ingratitude in not waiting for the natural death of his benefactors.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §4.79.1-4.79.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.79.1-4.79.4

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