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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §4.78.1-4.78.2

Resolution to Depose Tarquinius and Brutus's Call to Action

Passage 322 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Brutus explains the purpose of the assembly, declaring that the patricians have resolved to strip Tarquinius of his power, and calls on the plebeians to join them. He adds that due to limited time, he will focus only on Tarquinius' most prominent and indefensible crimes.

§4.78.1τὰ δὲ κοινά, ὑπὲρ ὧν ὑμᾶς εἰς ἐκκλησίαν συνεκάλεσα, ταῦτʼ ἐστί.
As for the public matters, on account of which I have called you to the assembly, they are these.
Ταρκύνιον οὔτε κατὰ τοὺς πατρίους ἡμῶν ἐθισμοὺς καὶ νόμους τὴν δυναστείαν κατασχόντα οὔτʼ, ἐπειδὴ κατέσχεν ὅπως δή ποτε λαβών, καλῶς αὐτῇ καὶ βασιλικῶς χρώμενον, ἀλλʼ ὑπερβεβληκότα πάντας ὕβρει τε καὶ παρανομίᾳ τοὺς ὅπου δή ποτε γενομένους τυράννους, ἀφελέσθαι τὴν ἐξουσίαν βεβουλεύμεθα συνελθόντες οἱ πατρίκιοι, πάλαι μὲν δέον, ἐν καιρῷ δὲ νῦν αὐτὸ ποιοῦντες ἐπιτηδείῳ, ὑμᾶς τʼ, ὦ δημόται, συνεκαλέσαμεν, ἵνα τὴν προαίρεσιν ἀποδειξάμενοι τὴν ἑαυτῶν συναγωνιστὰς ἀξιώσωμεν ἡμῖν γενέσθαι, πράττοντας ἐλευθερίαν τῇ πατρίδι, ἧς οὔτε πρότερον ἡμῖν ἐξεγένετο μεταλαβεῖν, ἐξ οὗ Ταρκύνιος τὴν ἀρχὴν κατέσχεν, οὔθʼ ὕστερον, ἐὰν νῦν μαλακισθῶμεν, ἐξέσται.
Since Tarquinius neither seized the power in accordance with our ancestral customs and laws, nor, after he had seized it, however he may have obtained it, used it honorably and like a king, but surpassed in insolence and lawlessness all the tyrants that have ever existed anywhere, we patricians, having assembled, have resolved to deprive him of his authority—an action which was necessary long ago, but which we are now performing at a suitable opportunity—and we have called you together, O plebeians, in order that, having declared our purpose, we may ask you to become our fellow-combatants, securing liberty for our fatherland, which we have not been able to enjoy previously, ever since Tarquinius seized the rule, and which will not be possible hereafter, if we now behave like cowards.
§4.78.2εἰ μὲν οὖν χρόνον εἶχον, ὅσον ἐβουλόμην, ἢ πρὸς ἀγνοοῦντας ἔμελλον λέγειν, ἁπάσας διεξῆλθον ἂν τὰς τοῦ τυράννου παρανομίας, ἐφʼ αἷς οὐχ ἅπαξ, ἀλλὰ πολλάκις ἅπασιν εἴη δίκαιος ἀπολωλέναι·
If, therefore, I had as much time as I wished, or if I were about to speak to those who were ignorant of the facts, I would have gone through all the lawless deeds of the tyrant, for which he would justly deserve to have perished, not once, but many times in the eyes of all.
ἐπειδὴ δʼ ὅ τε καιρός, ὃν τὰ πράγματά μοι δίδωσι, βραχύς, ἐν ᾧ λέγειν μὲν ὀλίγα δεῖ, πράττειν δὲ πολλά, καὶ πρὸς εἰδότας οἱ λόγοι, τὰ μέγιστα καὶ φανερώτατα τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐδʼ ἀπολογίας οὐδεμιᾶς δυνάμενα τυχεῖν, ταῦθʼ ὑμᾶς ὑπομνήσω.
But since the opportunity which the situation gives me is short, during which it is necessary to say few things but to do many, and since my words are addressed to those who already know, I shall remind you of those of his deeds which are the greatest and most manifest, and which cannot obtain any defense.

Notes

  1. 824Ταρκύνιον ... ἀφελέσθαι τὴν ἐξουσίαν βεβουλεύμεθα — The main verb βεβουλεύμεθα (we have resolved) governs the infinitive ἀφελέσθαι, and the verb ἀφαιρέομαι (to deprive) takes a double accusative: the person Ταρκύνιον and the thing τὴν ἐξουσίαν. Ταρκύνιον is modified by three participles: κατασχόντα, χρώμενον, and ὑπερβεβληκότα.
  2. 824πάλαι μὲν δέον — The neuter singular participle δέον of the impersonal verb δεῖ is used as an accusative absolute, expressing a concessive sense: 'although it was necessary long ago.'
  3. p.v.2p.126δίκαιος εἴη ἀπολωλέναι — This is a personal construction of the adjective δίκαιος with an infinitive, meaning 'he would justly deserve to...' (equivalent to the impersonal δίκαιόν ἐστι). The optative εἴη is potential, indicating 'he would justly deserve to have perished.'
  4. 825ταῦθʼ ὑμᾶς ὑπομνήσω — The verb ὑπομιμνήσκω (to remind) takes a double accusative of the person (ὑμᾶς) and the thing (ταῦτα). ταῦτα summarily refers back to the preceding phrase τὰ μέγιστα καὶ φανερώτατα...

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §4.78.1-4.78.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.78.1-4.78.2

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