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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §4.70.1-4.70.5

Brutus Reveals Himself and the Oath to Expel the Tyrants

Passage 314 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Upon hearing of Lucretia's death, Brutus casts off his pretense of folly, resolves on revenge, and persuades her relatives to join him in swearing an oath to expel the Tarquin tyrants.

§4.70.1τότε δʼ ὡς ἤκουσε τοῦ Οὐαλερίου τὰ συμβάντα τῇ Λουκρητίᾳ καὶ τὴν ἀναίρεσιν αὐτῆς διηγουμένου τὰς χεῖρας ἀνατείνας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εἶπεν· ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοὶ πάντες, ὅσοι τὸν ἀνθρώπινον ἐπισκοπεῖτε βίον, ἆρά γʼ ὁ καιρὸς ἐκεῖνος ἥκει νῦν, ὃν ἐγὼ περιμένων ταύτην τοῦ βίου τὴν προσποίησιν ἐφύλαττον;
Then, when he heard Valerius relating what had happened to Lucretia and her self-destruction, lifting his hands toward heaven, he said: "O Zeus and all you gods who watch over human life, has that opportunity now indeed arrived, waiting for which I kept up this pretense in my life?
ἆρα πέπρωται Ῥωμαίοις ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ καὶ διʼ ἐμὲ τῆς ἀφορήτου τυραννίδος ἀπαλλαγῆναι; §4.70.2ταῦτʼ εἰπὼν ἐχώρει κατὰ σπουδὴν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ἅμα τῷ Κολλατίνῳ τε καὶ Οὐαλερίῳ.
Is it fated for the Romans to be delivered from this intolerable tyranny by me and through me?" Having said this, he went in haste to the house together with Collatinus and Valerius.
ὡς δʼ εἰσῆλθεν ὁ μὲν Κολλατῖνος ἰδὼν τὴν Λουκρητίαν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ κειμένην καὶ τὸν πατέρα περικείμενον αὐτῇ μέγα ἀνοιμώξας καὶ περιλαβὼν τὴν νεκρὰν κατεφίλει καὶ ἀνεκαλεῖτο καὶ διελέγετο πρὸς αὐτὴν ὥσπερ ζῶσαν ἔξω τοῦ φρονεῖν γεγονὼς ὑπὸ §4.70.3τοῦ κακοῦ.
When he entered, Collatinus, seeing Lucretia lying in the midst and her father bending over her, wailed aloud, and embracing her corpse, kissed her, called her by name, and spoke to her as if she were alive, having lost his senses because of the calamity.
πολλὰ δʼ αὐτοῦ κατολοφυρομένου καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐν μέρει καὶ τῆς οἰκίας ὅλης κλαυθμῷ καὶ θρήνοις κατεχομένης βλέψας εἰς αὐτοὺς ὁ Βροῦτος λέγει· μυρίους ἕξετε καιρούς, ὦ Λουκρήτιε καὶ Κολλατῖνε καὶ πάντες ὑμεῖς οἱ τῇ γυναικὶ προσήκοντες, ἐν οἷς αὐτὴν κλαύσετε, νυνὶ δʼ ὡς τιμωρήσομεν αὐτῇ,
While he was lamenting much, and the father in his turn, and the whole house was filled with weeping and mourning, Brutus, looking at them, said: "You will have ten thousand opportunities, Lucretius and Collatinus, and all you who are related to the woman, in which you may weep for her; but now let us consider how we shall avenge her.
§4.70.4σκοπῶμεν· τοῦτο γὰρ ὁ παρὼν καιρὸς ἀπαιτεῖ. ἐδόκει ταῦτʼ εἰκότα λέγειν, καὶ καθεζόμενοι καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς τόν τʼ οἰκετικὸν καὶ θητικὸν ὄχλον ἐκποδῶν μεταστήσαντες ἐβουλεύοντο, τί χρὴ πράττειν.
For this is what the present moment demands." These seemed to be reasonable words; and sitting down by themselves, after removing the crowd of household slaves and hired laborers out of the way, they consulted what they ought to do.
πρῶτος δʼ ὁ Βροῦτος ἀρξάμενος ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ λέγειν, ὅτι τὴν δοκοῦσαν τοῖς πολλοῖς μωρίαν οὐκ εἶχεν ἀληθινήν, ἀλλʼ ἐπίθετον, καὶ τὰς αἰτίας εἰπών, διʼ ἃς τὸ προσποίημα τοῦθʼ ὑπέμεινε, καὶ δόξας ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων εἶναι φρονιμώτατος, μετὰ τοῦτʼ ἔπειθεν αὐτοὺς τὴν αὐτὴν γνώμην ἅπαντας λαβόντας ἐξελάσαι Ταρκύνιόν τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, πολλὰ καὶ ἐπαγωγὰ εἰς τοῦτο διαλεχθείς.
Brutus was the first to begin speaking about himself, saying that he did not have the folly which seemed to most people to be real, but that it was put on, and explaining the reasons for which he had submitted to this pretense; and having shown himself to be the wisest of all men, after this he persuaded them all to adopt the same resolution and expel Tarquinius and his sons from the city, speaking many persuasive words to this end.
ἐπεὶ δὲ πάντας εἶδεν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης ὄντας οὐ λόγων ἔφη δεῖν οὐδʼ ὑποσχέσεων, ἀλλʼ ἔργων, εἴ τι τῶν δεόντων μέλλει γενήσεσθαι· ἄρξειν δὲ τούτων αὐτὸς ἔφη.
When he saw that they were all of the same opinion, he said there was no need of words or promises, but of deeds, if any of the necessary things were to be done; and he said that he himself would lead them.
§4.70.5ταῦτʼ εἰπὼν καὶ λαβὼν τὸ ξιφίδιον, ᾧ διεχρήσατο ἑαυτὴν ἡ γυνή, καὶ τῷ πτώματι προσελθὼν αὐτῆς· ἔτι γὰρ ἔκειτο ἐν φανερῷ θέαμα οἴκτιστον· ὤμοσε τόν τʼ Ἄρη καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους θεοὺς πᾶν ὅσον δύναται πράξειν ἐπὶ καταλύσει τῆς Ταρκυνίων δυναστείας, καὶ οὔτʼ αὐτὸς διαλλαγήσεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς τυράννους οὔτε τοῖς διαλλαττομένοις ἐπιτρέψειν, ἀλλʼ ἐχθρὸν ἡγήσεσθαι τὸν μὴ ταὐτὰ βουλόμενον καὶ μέχρι θανάτου τῇ τυραννίδι καὶ τοῖς συναγωνιζομένοις αὐτῇ διεχθρεύσειν.
Having said this and taken the dagger with which the woman had slain herself, and having approached her corpse—for it still lay in public view, a most pitiable sight—he swore by Ares and all the other gods that he would do everything in his power to overthrow the dynasty of the Tarquinii, and that he would neither reconcile himself with the tyrants nor permit those who did, but would hold as an enemy anyone who did not want the same, and would remain hostile to the tyranny and its supporters until death.
εἰ δὲ παραβαίη τὸν ὅρκον τοιαύτην αὑτῷ τελευτὴν ἠράσατο τοῦ βίου γενέσθαι καὶ τοῖς αὑτοῦ παισίν, οἵας ἔτυχεν ἡ γυνή.
And if he should violate his oath, he prayed that such an end of life might befall both himself and his children as had befallen the woman.

Notes

  1. §4.70.1τοῦ Οὐαλερίου ... διηγουμένου — The verb of hearing `ἤκουσε` governs both the genitive of the person speaking (`τοῦ Οὐαλερίου`) and the accusative of the things heard (`τὰ συμβάντα` and `τὴν ἀναίρεσιν`). The participle `διηγουμένου` agrees with the genitive `τοῦ Οὐαλερίου` ("when he heard Valerius relating..."). It should not be mistaken for a genitive absolute.
  2. §4.70.3ὡς τιμωρήσομεν — The conjunction `ὡς` here introduces an indirect question ("how..."), serving as the object clause of the verb of deliberation `σκοπῶμεν` ("let us consider"). The verb `τιμωρήσομεν` is in the future indicative, functioning in place of a deliberative subjunctive.
  3. §4.70.5οὔτʼ αὐτὸς διαλλαγήσεσθαι ... οὔτε τοῖς διαλλαττομένοις ἐπιτρέψειν — These are future infinitives dependent on the verb of swearing `ὤμοσε` ("he swore"). In infinitive constructions, when the subject of the infinitive is the same as that of the main verb (here, Brutus), it is usually omitted or, for emphasis, placed in the nominative case (`αὐτός`). Here, the nominative `αὐτός` emphasizes the subject of `διαλλαγήσεσθαι`.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §4.70.1-4.70.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.70.1-4.70.5

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