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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §4.57.1-4.57.4

Sextus's Framing of Petron and Purge of Gabian Nobles

Passage 301 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Sextus framed Petron for treason by planting forged letters in his house, exposing them in the assembly to have him stoned to death. He then used the investigation of other conspirators as a pretext to execute many eminent Gabians.

§4.57.1ἠρεθισμένου δὲ τοῦ πλήθους καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς. προθυμίας πυνθανομένου, τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μέλλοντες αὐτὸν προδιδόναι, Ἀντίστιον Πέτρωνα ὠνόμασεν, ὃς ἐν εἰρήνῃ τε πολλὰ καὶ σπουδαῖα πολιτευσάμενος καὶ στρατηγίας πολλὰς τετελεκὼς ἐπιφανέστατος ἁπάντων ἐγεγόνει·
When the multitude was excited and with great eagerness inquired who those were that were going to betray him, Sextus named Antistius Petron, who, having conducted many important affairs of state in time of peace and having held many military commands, had become the most illustrious of all.
ἀπολογουμένου δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ διὰ τὸ μηδὲν ἑαυτῷ συνειδέναι πᾶσαν ἐξέτασιν ὑπομένοντος ἔφη βούλεσθαι τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ διερευνῆσαι πέμψας ἑτέρους, αὐτὸς δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκκλησίας σὺν ἐκείνῳ, τέως ἂν οἱ πεμφθέντες ἔλθωσι, μένειν.
But as the man defended himself and, being conscious of no guilt, submitted to every investigation, Sextus said that he wished to search his house by sending others, and that he himself would remain with him at the assembly until those who were sent should return.
§4.57.2ἔτυχε δὲ διεφθαρκὼς αὐτοῦ τῶν θεραπόντων τινὰς ἀργυρίῳ τὰς ἐπὶ τὸν ὄλεθρον τοῦ Πέτρωνος κατασκευασθείσας ἐπιστολὰς σεσημειωμένας τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς σφραγῖδι λαβόντας ἔνδον ἀποθέσθαι.
Now he had happened to corrupt some of Petron's servants with money to receive and hide inside the house the letters prepared for Petron's destruction, sealed with his father's signet.
ὡς δʼ οἱ πεμφθέντες ἐπὶ τὴν ἔρευναν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἀντεῖπεν ὁ Πέτρων, ἀλλʼ ἐφῆκε τὴν οἰκίαν ἐρευνᾶν· εὑρόντες, ἔνθα ἦν ἀποκεκρυμμένα τὰ γράμματα, παρῆσαν εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἄλλας τε πολλὰς φέροντες ἐπιστολὰς ἐπισεσημασμένας καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Ἀντίστιον γραφεῖσαν, ἐπιγινώσκειν φήσας τὴν σφραγῖδα τοῦ πατρὸς ὁ Σέξτος ἔλυσε, καὶ τῷ γραμματεῖ δοὺς ἐκέλευσεν ἀναγινώσκειν.
And when those sent for the search—for Petron made no objection but permitted them to search his house—having found where the letters were hidden, returned to the assembly, bringing many other sealed letters and also the one written to Antistius, Sextus, saying that he recognized his father's seal, broke it open, and giving the letter to the scribe, ordered him to read it.
§4.57.3ἐγέγραπτο δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ, μάλιστα μὲν ζῶντα παραδοῦναι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῷ, ἐὰν δʼ ἀδύνατος ᾖ τοῦτο τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποτεμόντα πέμψαι.
And in it was written, preferably to deliver his son alive to him, but if that should be impossible, to cut off his head and send it.
ταῦτα δὲ ποιήσαντι αὐτῷ τε καὶ τοῖς συλλαβομένοις τοῦ ἔργου χωρὶς τῶν ἄλλων μισθῶν, οὓς πρότερον ὑπέσχητο, πολιτείαν τε τὴν ἐν Ῥώμῃ δώσειν ἔφη καὶ εἰς τὸν τῶν πατρικίων ἀριθμὸν ἅπαντας ἐγγράψειν οἰκίας τε καὶ κλήρους καὶ §4.57.4ἄλλας δωρεὰς πολλὰς ἐπιθήσειν καὶ μεγάλας.
And to him who should do this and to those who assisted in the deed, besides the other rewards which he had previously promised, he said he would give citizenship in Rome and enroll them all among the patricians, and give them houses and lands, and bestow many other great gifts.
ἐφʼ οἷς ἐρεθισθέντες οἱ Γάβιοι τὸν μὲν Ἀντίστιον ἐκπεπληγότα ἐπὶ τῇ παραδόξῳ συμφορᾷ καὶ οὐδὲ φωνὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ ῥῆξαι δυνάμενον ἀποκτείνουσι βάλλοντες λίθοις· τὴν δὲ κατὰ τῶν ἄλλων ζήτησίν τε καὶ τιμωρίαν τῶν ταὐτὰ τῷ Πέτρωνι βουλευσαμένων ἐπέτρεψαν τῷ Σέξτῳ ποιήσασθαι.
Exasperated by these words, the Gabians killed Antistius by throwing stones at him, while he was stunned by the unexpected calamity and unable even to utter a word because of the misfortune; and they entrusted to Sextus the investigation and punishment of the others who had planned the same things as Petron.
ὁ δὲ τοῖς ἰδίοις ἑταίροις τὴν φυλακὴν ἐπιτρέψας τῶν πυλῶν, ἵνα μὴ διαφύγοιεν αὐτὸν οἱ ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις, πέμπων ἐπὶ τὰς οἰκίας τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων ἀνδρῶν ἀπέκτεινε πολλοὺς τῶν Γαβίων καὶ ἀγαθούς.
But he, having committed the guarding of the gates to his own companions so that those under accusation might not escape him, sent to the houses of the most illustrious men and put to death many of the noble Gabians.

Notes

  1. 4.57.2ἔτυχε δὲ διεφθαρκὼς αὐτοῦ τῶν θεραπόντων τινὰς ἀργυρίῳ τὰς ἐπὶ τὸν ὄλεθρον τοῦ Πέτρωνος κατασκευασθείσας ἐπιστολὰς σεσημειωμένας τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς σφραγῖδι λαβόντας ἔνδον ἀποθέσθαι. — The verb `ἔτυχε` (`τυγχάνω`, 'to happen to do / already have done') takes the perfect participle `διεφθαρκὼς` (`διαφθείρω`, 'to corrupt/bribe'). This participle in turn governs an accusative and infinitive construction, where `τινὰς` (with the participle `λαβόντας`) acts as the subject of the infinitive `ἀποθέσθαι` ('to receive and lay away inside'). This creates a double subordination: 'he had happened to bribe some of his servants with money so that they, having received the letters, would hide them inside.'
  2. 4.57.3ταῦτα δὲ ποιήσαντι αὐτῷ τε καὶ τοῖς συλλαβομένοις τοῦ ἔργου — The datives `ποιήσαντι` and `τοῖς συλλαβομένοις` function as the indirect objects of the subsequent infinitives `δώσειν` ('to give') and `ἐγγράψειν` ('to enroll'). Although positioned at the beginning of the period, they are part of the accusative and infinitive construction governed by `ἔφη` ('he said that [Tarquin] would give... to him who did this...').

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §4.57.1-4.57.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.57.1-4.57.4

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