§4.25.1ὁ δὲ Τύλλιος οὐκ ἐν τούτοις μόνον τοῖς πολιτεύμασι δημοτικὸς ὢν ἐδήλωσεν, ἐν οἷς ἐδόκει τήν τε τῆς βουλῆς ἐξουσίαν καὶ τὴν τῶν πατρικίων δυναστείαν ἐλαττοῦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν οἷς τὴν βασιλικὴν ἀρχὴν ἐμείωσεν αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ τὴν ἡμίσειαν τῆς ἐξουσίας ἀφελόμενος.
And Tullius showed himself to be popular-minded not only in those political measures in which he seemed to diminish the authority of the senate and the power of the patricians, but also in those in which he reduced the royal office, depriving himself of half of his power.
§4.25.2τῶν γὰρ πρὸ αὐτοῦ βασιλέων ἁπάσας ἀξιούντων ἐφʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἄγειν τὰς δίκας καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐγκλήματα τά τʼ ἴδια καὶ τὰ κοινὰ πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτῶν τρόπον δικαζόντων ἐκεῖνος διελὼν ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδιωτικῶν τὰ δημόσια, τῶν μὲν εἰς τὸ κοινὸν φερόντων ἀδικημάτων αὐτὸς ἐποιεῖτο τὰς διαγνώσεις, τῶν δʼ ἰδιωτικῶν ἰδιώτας ἔταξεν εἶναι δικαστάς, ὅρους καὶ §4.25.3κανόνας αὐτοῖς τάξας, οὕς αὐτὸς ἔγραψε νόμους.
For while the kings before him thought it right to bring all lawsuits before themselves and judged all accusations, both private and public, according to their own pleasure, he, separating public affairs from private ones, made the decisions himself in the case of crimes affecting the state, but in the case of private lawsuits, he appointed private citizens to be judges, establishing limits and rules for them, which were the laws he himself had written.
ἐπεὶ δʼ αὐτῷ τὰ ἐν τῇ πόλει πράγματα τὸν κράτιστον εἰλήφει κόσμον, εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἦλθεν ἐπιφανές τι διαπραξάμενος αἰώνιον ἑαυτοῦ μνήμην τοῖς ἐπιγινομένοις καταλιπεῖν.
And when the affairs in the city had taken on the most excellent order for him, he came to a desire to perform some illustrious deed so as to leave an everlasting memory of himself to posterity.
ἐφιστὰς δὲ τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπὶ τὰ τῶν ἀρχαίων βασιλέων τε καὶ πολιτικῶν ἀνδρῶν μνημεῖα, ἐξ ὧν εἰς ὀνόματα καὶ δόξας προῆλθον, οὔτε τοῦ Βαβυλωνίου τείχους ἐμακάρισε τὴν Ἀσσυρίαν ἐκείνην γυναῖκα οὔτε τῶν ἐν Μέμφει πυραμίδων τοὺς Αἰγύπτου βασιλεῖς οὔτʼ εἴ τις ἄλλη πλούτου καὶ πολυχειρίας ἐπίδειξις ἦν ἀνδρὸς ἡγεμόνος, ἀλλὰ ταῦτα πάντα μικρὰ καὶ ὀλιγοχρόνια καὶ οὐκ ἄξια σπουδῆς ἡγησάμενος ὄψεώς τʼ ἀπάτας, οὐκ ἀληθεῖς βίου καὶ πραγμάτων ὠφελείας, ἐξ ὧν μακαρισμοὶ τοῖς κατασκευασαμένοις ἠκολούθουν μόνον, ἐπαίνου δὲ καὶ ζήλου ἄξια τὰ τῆς γνώμης ἔργα ὑπολαβών, ἧς πλεῖστοί τʼ ἀπολαύουσι καὶ ἐπὶ μήκιστον χρόνον καρποῦνται τὰς ὠφελείας, πάντων μάλιστα τῶν τοιούτων ἔργων τὴν Ἀμφικτύονος τοῦ Ἕλληνος ἐπίνοιαν ἠγάσθη, ὃς ἀσθενὲς ὁρῶν καὶ ῥᾴδιον ὑπὸ τῶν περιοικούντων βαρβάρων ἐξαναλωθῆναι τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν γένος, εἰς τὴν ἐπʼ ἐκείνου κληθεῖσαν Ἀμφικτυονικὴν σύνοδον καὶ πανήγυριν αὐτὸ συνήγαγε, νόμους καταστησάμενος ἔξω τῶν ἰδίων, ὧν ἑκάστη πόλις εἶχε, τοὺς κοινοὺς ἅπασιν, οὓς καλοῦσιν Ἀμφικτυονικούς, ἐξ ὧν φίλοι μὲν ὄντες ἀλλήλοις διετέλουν καὶ τὸ συγγενὲς φυλάττοντες μᾶλλον ἔργοις ἢ λόγοις, λυπηροὶ δὲ τοῖς βαρβάροις καὶ φοβεροί.
Turning his mind to the monuments of ancient kings and statesmen, from which they had advanced to name and glory, he neither blessed that Assyrian woman for the wall of Babylon, nor the kings of Egypt for the pyramids at Memphis, nor if there was any other display of wealth and abundance of labor by a leader. Rather, considering all these things to be small, short-lived, and not worthy of serious attention, and deceptions of the sight, not true benefits to life and affairs—from which only blessings followed for those who constructed them—and believing that the works of the mind, from which most people benefit and enjoy the advantages for the longest time, were worthy of praise and emulation, he admired above all such works the conception of Amphictyon the Greek. He, seeing that the Greek nation was weak and easily destroyed by the surrounding barbarians, gathered it into the Amphictyonic assembly and festival named after him, establishing, besides the private laws which each city had, those common to all, which they call the Amphictyonic laws. By these, they continued to be friends to one another and preserved their kinship more in deeds than in words, and were troublesome and fearsome to the barbarians.
§4.25.4παρʼ οὗ τὸ παράδειγμα λαβόντες Ἴωνές θʼ οἱ μεταθέμενοι τὴν οἴκησιν ἐκ τῆς Εὐρώπης εἰς τὰ παραθαλάττια τῆς Καρίας καὶ Δωριεῖς οἱ περὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς τόπους τὰς πόλεις ἱδρυσάμενοι ἱερὰ κατεσκεύασαν ἀπὸ κοινῶν ἀναλωμάτων· Ἴωνες μὲν ἐν Ἐφέσῳ τὸ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος, Δωριεῖς δʼ ἐπὶ Τριοπίῳ τὸ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος·
Taking the example from him, the Ionians who moved their habitation from Europe to the maritime parts of Caria, and the Dorians who established their cities in the same regions, constructed temples from common expenses; the Ionians, on the one hand, that of Artemis in Ephesus, and the Dorians, on the other, that of Apollo at Triopion.
ἔνθα συνιόντες γυναιξὶν ὁμοῦ καὶ τέκνοις κατὰ τοὺς ἀποδειχθέντας χρόνους συνέθυόν τε καὶ συνεπανηγύριζον καὶ ἀγῶνας ἐπετέλουν ἱππικοὺς καὶ γυμνικοὺς καὶ τῶν περὶ μουσικὴν ἀκουσμάτων καὶ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀναθήμασι κοινοῖς ἐδωροῦντο.
Gathering there, together with their wives and children at the appointed times, they sacrificed and celebrated the festival together, and held equestrian and athletic contests and musical performances, and honored the gods with common offerings.
§4.25.5θεωρήσαντες δὲ καὶ πανηγυρίσαντες καὶ τὰς ἄλλας φιλοφροσύνας παρʼ ἀλλήλων ἀναλαβόντες, εἴ τι πρόσκρουσμα πόλει πρὸς πόλιν ἐγεγόνει, δικασταὶ καθεζόμενοι διῄτων καὶ περὶ τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου καὶ περὶ τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμοφροσύνης κοινὰς ἐποιοῦντο βουλάς.
And after they had watched the spectacles, celebrated the festival, and received other acts of hospitality from one another, if any dispute had arisen between one city and another, they sat as judges and settled it, and held common deliberations both about war against the barbarians and about harmony among themselves.
§4.25.6ταῦτα δὴ καὶ τὰ ὅμοια τούτοις παραδείγματα λαβὼν προθυμίαν ἔσχε καὶ αὐτὸς ἁπάσας τὰς μετεχούσας πόλεις τοῦ Λατίνων γένους συστῆσαι καὶ συναγαγεῖν, ἵνα μὴ στασιάζουσαι καὶ πολεμοῦσαι πρὸς ἀλλήλας ὑπὸ τῶν προσοικούντων βαρβάρων τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἀφαιρεθῶσι.
Taking indeed these and similar examples, he also conceived the desire to organize and bring together all the cities belonging to the Latin nation, so that they might not, by rioting and making war on one another, be deprived of their freedom by the neighboring barbarians.