§4.23.1ἀχθομένων δὲ τῶν πατρικίων ἐπὶ τῷ πράγματι καὶ δυσανασχετούντων συγκαλέσας τὸ πλῆθος εἰς ἐκκλησίαν Πρῶτον μὲν θαυμάζειν, ἔφη, τῶν ἀγανακτούντων, εἰ τῇ φύσει τὸ ἐλεύθερον οἴονται τοῦ δούλου διαφέρειν, ἀλλʼ οὐ τῇ τύχῃ· ἔπειτʼ εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἤθεσι καὶ τοῖς τρόποις ἐξετάζουσι τοὺς ἀξίους τῶν καλῶν, ἀλλὰ ταῖς συντυχίαις, ὁρῶντες ὡς ἀστάθμητόν ἐστι πρᾶγμα εὐτυχία καὶ ἀγχίστροφον, καὶ οὐδενὶ ῥᾴδιον εἰπεῖν οὐδὲ τῶν πάνυ μακαρίων μέχρι τίνος αὐτῷ §4.23.2παρέσται χρόνου.
When the patricians were vexed at this matter and highly displeased, having called the multitude to an assembly, Tullius said, first, that he wondered at those who were angry, if they thought that a freeman differed from a slave by nature and not by fortune; and next, if they did not examine those worthy of honors by their character and manners, but by their fortunes, seeing how unstable and changeable a thing prosperity is, and that it is not easy for anyone, even of the most happy, to say down to what time it will be present with him.
ἠξίου τʼ αὐτοὺς σκοπεῖν, ὅσαι μὲν ἤδη πόλεις ἐκ δουλείας μετέβαλον εἰς ἐλευθερίαν βάρβαροί τε καὶ Ἑλληνίδες, ὅσαι δʼ εἰς δουλείαν ἐξ ἐλευθερίας· εὐήθειάν τε πολλὴν αὐτῶν κατεγίνωσκεν, εἰ τῆς ἐλευθερίας τοῖς ἀξίοις τῶν θεραπόντων μεταδιδόντες, τῆς πολιτείας φθονοῦσι·
And he asked them to consider how many cities indeed, both barbarian and Greek, had already changed from slavery to freedom, and how many from freedom to slavery; and he condemned their great folly, if, while sharing freedom with those worthy of their servants, they grudged them citizenship.
συνεβούλευέ τʼ αὐτοῖς, εἰ μὲν πονηροὺς νομίζουσι, μὴ ποιεῖν ἐλευθέρους, εἰ §4.23.3δὲ χρηστούς, μὴ περιορᾶν ὄντας ἀλλοτρίους·
And he advised them, if they thought them wicked, not to make them free, but if they thought them good, not to allow them to remain strangers.
ἄτοπόν τε πρᾶγμα ποιεῖν αὐτοὺς ἔφη καὶ ἀμαθὲς ἅπασι τοῖς ξένοις ἐπιτρέποντας τῆς πόλεως μετέχειν καὶ μὴ διακρίνοντας αὐτῶν τὰς τύχας μηδʼ εἴ τινες ἐκ δούλων ἐγένοντο ἐλεύθεροι πολυπραγμονοῦντας, τοὺς δὲ παρὰ σφίσι δεδουλευκότας ἀναξίους ἡγεῖσθαι ταύτης τῆς χάριτος·
And he said they were doing a strange and ignorant thing, in permitting all strangers to share in the city, and not distinguishing their fortunes, nor examining if any had become free from being slaves, while they considered those who had served as slaves among themselves to be unworthy of this favor.
φρονήσει τε διαφέρειν οἰομένους τῶν ἄλλων οὐδὲ τὰ ἐν ποσὶ καὶ κοινότατα ὁρᾶν ἔφασκεν, ἃ καὶ τοῖς φαυλοτάτοις εἶναι πρόδηλα, ὅτι τοῖς μὲν δεσπόταις πολλὴ φροντὶς ἔσται τοῦ μὴ προχείρως τινὰς ἐλευθεροῦν, ὡς τὰ μέγιστα τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἀγαθῶν οἷς ἔτυχε δωρησομένοις· τοῖς δὲ δούλοις ἔτι μείζων ὑπάρξει προθυμία χρηστοῖς εἶναι περὶ τοὺς δεσπότας, ἐὰν μάθωσιν, ὅτι τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἄξιοι κριθέντες εὐδαίμονος εὐθέως καὶ μεγάλης ἔσονται πολῖται πόλεως, καὶ ταῦθʼ ἕξουσιν ἀμφότερα παρὰ τῶν δεσποτῶν τἀγαθά.
And while they thought themselves to excel others in wisdom, he said they did not even see what was at their feet and most common, which was obvious even to the meanest, namely, that the masters would take great care not to free anyone rashly, as they would be bestowing the greatest of human goods on whomever they met; and that the slaves would have an even greater eagerness to be good to their masters, if they learned that, being judged worthy of freedom, they would immediately become citizens of a happy and great city, and would have both these goods from their masters.
§4.23.4τελευτῶν δὲ τὸν περὶ τοῦ συμφέροντος εἰσηγήσατο λόγον τοὺς μὲν ἐπισταμένους ὑπομιμνήσκων, τοὺς δʼ ἀγνοοῦντας διδάσκων, ὅτι πόλει δυναστείας ἐφιεμένῃ καὶ μεγάλων πραγμάτων ἑαυτὴν ἀξιούσῃ οὐδενὸς οὕτω δεῖ πράγματος ὡς πολυανθρωπίας, ἵνα διαρκέσῃ πρὸς πάντας τοὺς πολέμους οἰκείοις ὅπλοις χρωμένη, καὶ μὴ ξενικοῖς στρατεύμασι καταμισθοφοροῦσα συνεξαναλωθῇ τοῖς χρήμασι·
And in the end, he introduced the argument concerning utility, reminding those who knew and teaching those who were ignorant, that for a city aiming at dominion and deeming itself worthy of great things, nothing is so necessary as a large population, so that it may suffice for all wars by using its own arms, and not, by paying wages to foreign armies, be exhausted together with its money.
καὶ διὰ τοῦτʼ ἔφη τοὺς προτέρους βασιλεῖς ἅπασι μεταδεδωκέναι τῆς πολιτείας τοῖς ξένοις.
And for this reason, he said, the former kings had shared citizenship with all strangers.
§4.23.5εἰ δὲ καὶ τοῦτον καταστήσονται τὸν νόμον, πολλὴν αὐτοῖς ἔλεγεν ἐκ τῶν ἐλευθερουμένων ἐπιτραφήσεσθαι νεότητα καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπορήσειν τὴν πόλιν οἰκείων ὅπλων, ἀλλʼ ἕξειν δυνάμεις αἰεὶ διαρκεῖς, κἂν πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἀναγκασθῇ πολεμεῖν.
And if they should also establish this law, he said that a great number of youth would be reared for them from those who were set free, and the city would never lack its own arms, but would always have sufficient forces, even if it should be compelled to wage war against all mankind.
§4.23.6χωρὶς δὲ τοῦ κοινῇ χρησίμου καὶ ἰδίᾳ πολλὰ ὠφελήσεσθαι τοὺς εὐπορωτάτους Ῥωμαίων, ἐὰν τοὺς ἀπελευθέρους ἐῶσι τῆς πολιτείας μετέχειν, ἐν ἐκκλησίαις τε καὶ ψηφοφορίαις καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις πολιτικαῖς χρείαις τὰς χάριτας, ἐν οἷς μάλιστα δέονται πράγμασι, κομιζομένους καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν ἀπελευθέρων γινομένους πελάτας τοῖς ἐγγόνοις τοῖς ἑαυτῶν καταλείποντας.
And apart from the common utility, the wealthiest of the Romans would also benefit greatly in private, if they permitted the freedmen to share in citizenship, receiving their gratitude in assemblies, voting, and other civil needs, in those matters in which they have the greatest need, and leaving the clients born of the freedmen to their own descendants.
§4.23.7τοιαῦτα λέγοντος αὐτοῦ συνεχώρησαν οἱ πατρίκιοι τὸ ἔθος εἰς τὴν πόλιν παρελθεῖν, καὶ μέχρι τῶν καθʼ ἡμᾶς χρόνων ὡς ἕν τι τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀκινήτων νομίμων διατελεῖ τοῦτʼ ἐν τῇ πόλει φυλαττόμενον.
When he spoke thus, the patricians consented that the custom should enter the city, and even down to our times, this continues to be guarded in the city as one of the sacred and unalterable laws.