Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §4.2.1-4.2.4

Miraculous Birth of Servius Tullius and the Flame

Passage 246 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The author recounts the supernatural legend of Servius' birth, in which a phantom of a male organ appeared on the palace hearth and united with Ocrisia, as well as the miracle of a flame shining from his head as he slept.

§4.2.1φέρεται δέ τις ἐν ταῖς ἐπιχωρίοις ἀναγραφαῖς καὶ ἕτερος ὑπὲρ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ λόγος ἐπὶ τὸ μυθῶδες ἐξαίρων τὰ περὶ αὐτόν, ὃν ἐν πολλαῖς Ῥωμαϊκαῖς ἱστορίαις εὕρομεν, εἰ θεοῖς τε καὶ δαίμοσι λέγεσθαι φίλος τοιοῦτος· αἵτινες ἀπὸ τῆς ἑστίας τῶν βασιλείων, ἐφʼ ἧς ἄλλας τε Ῥωμαῖοι συντελοῦσιν ἱερουργίας καὶ τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν δείπνων ἀπαρχὰς ἁγίζουσιν, ὑπὲρ τοῦ πυρὸς ἀνασχεῖν λέγουσιν αἰδοῖον ἀνδρός.
There is also recorded in the local annals another story concerning his birth, which exalts the matters about him to the mythical, which we have found in many Roman histories, if such a story is pleasing to be told to gods and daimones: these histories say that from the hearth of the palace, upon which the Romans perform other sacred rites and consecrate the first-fruits of their meals, there rose above the fire a man's private part.
τοῦτο δὲ θεάσασθαι τὴν Ὀκρισίαν πρώτην φέρουσαν τοὺς εἰωθότας πελάνους ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ καὶ αὐτίκα πρὸς τοὺς βασιλεῖς ἐλθοῦσαν εἰπεῖν.
And they say that Ocrisia, who was bringing the customary cakes to the fire, was the first to behold this, and immediately went and told the rulers.
§4.2.2τὸν μὲν οὖν Ταρκύνιον ἀκούσαντά τε καὶ μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἰδόντα τὸ τέρας ἐν θαύματι γενέσθαι, τὴν δὲ Τανακυλίδα τά τʼ ἄλλα σοφὴν οὖσαν καὶ δὴ καὶ τὰ μαντικὰ οὐδενὸς χεῖρον Τυρρηνῶν ἐπισταμένην εἰπεῖν πρὸς αὐτόν, ὅτι γένος ἀπὸ τῆς ἑστίας τῆς βασιλείου πέπρωται γενέσθαι κρεῖττον ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἀνθρωπείαν φύσιν ἐκ τῆς μιχθείσης τῷ φάσματι γυναικός.
Now Tarquinius, upon hearing of and afterwards seeing the portent, was filled with wonder, while Tanaquil, who was wise in other matters and especially understood the art of divination no worse than any of the Etruscans, told him that a lineage from the royal hearth, superior to human nature, was destined to be born from the woman who should unite with the phantom.
τὰ δʼ αὐτὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τερατοσκόπων ἀποφηναμένων δόξαι τῷ βασιλεῖ τὴν Ὀκρισίαν, ᾗ πρώτῃ ἐφάνη τὸ τέρας, εἰς ὁμιλίαν αὐτῷ συνελθεῖν· καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο τὴν γυναῖκα κοσμησαμένην, οἷς ἔθος ἐστὶ κοσμεῖσθαι τὰς γαμουμένας, κατακλεισθῆναι μόνην εἰς τὸν οἶκον, ἐν ᾧ τὸ τέρας ὤφθη.
And when the other soothsayers declared the same things, it seemed good to the king that Ocrisia, to whom the portent had first appeared, should enter into intercourse with it; and after this, the woman, having adorned herself with such ornaments as are customary for brides, was shut up alone in the room where the portent had been seen.
§4.2.3μιχθέντος δή τινος αὐτῇ θεῶν ἢ δαιμόνων καὶ μετὰ τὴν μίξιν ἀφανισθέντος εἴθʼ Ἡφαίστου καθάπερ οἴονταί τινες εἴτε τοῦ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἥρωος, ἐγκύμονα γενέσθαι καὶ τεκεῖν τὸν Τύλλιον ἐν τοῖς καθήκουσι χρόνοις.
And when some god or daimon had united with her and disappeared after the union—whether it was Hephaestus, as some believe, or the household hero—she became pregnant and gave birth to Tullius in due time.
τοῦτο τὸ μύθευμα οὐ πάνυ τι πιστὸν εἶναι δοκοῦν ἑτέρα τις ἐπιφάνεια θεία γενομένη περὶ τὸν ἄνδρα θαυμαστὴ §4.2.4καὶ παράδοξος ἧττον ἀπιστεῖσθαι ποιεῖ.
This myth, though seeming not at all credible, is made less disbelieved by another divine manifestation that occurred concerning the man, wonderful and incredible, which makes it less disbelieved.
καθημένου γάρ ποτʼ αὐτοῦ μεσούσης μάλισθʼ ἡμέρας ἐν τῇ παστάδι τῶν βασιλείων καὶ κατενεχθέντος ἐφʼ ὕπνον, πῦρ ἀπέλαμψεν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, ἥ τε μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ τοῦ βασιλέως γυνὴ πορευόμεναι διὰ τῆς παστάδος ἐθεάσαντο καὶ πάντες ὅσοι σὺν ταῖς γυναιξὶν ἐτύγχανον τότε παρόντες, καὶ μέχρι τούτου διέμενεν ἡ φλὸξ ὅλην αὐτοῦ καταλάμπουσα τὴν κεφαλήν, ἕως ἡ μήτηρ προσδραμοῦσα διανέστησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἡ φλὸξ ἅμα τῷ ὕπνῳ διασκεδασθεῖσα ἠφανίσθη.
For once, when he was sitting about midday in the portico of the palace and had fallen asleep, a fire shone from his head; both his mother and the king's wife, as they were passing through the portico, saw it, as did all who happened to be present with the women at that time; and the flame continued to illuminate his whole head until his mother ran up and awakened him, whereupon the flame, dispersed together with his sleep, disappeared.
τὰ μὲν δὴ περὶ τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ λεγόμενα τοιαῦτʼ ἐστίν.
Such are the stories told about his birth.

Notes

  1. p.v.2p.3εἰ θεοῖς τε καὶ δαίμοσι λέγεσθαι φίλος τοιοῦτος — A religious and humble parenthetical formula inserted before recounting divine or supernatural matters (here, the mythical birth story). It literally translates to "if such a story is pleasing to be told to gods and daimones" (i.e., "with the permission of the gods"). The infinitive `λέγεσθαι` depends on the adjective `φίλος` (epexegetical infinitive).
  2. p.v.2p.3αἵτινες — The feminine plural of the relative pronoun `ὅστις`. Its antecedent is the preceding `Ῥωμαϊκαῖς ἱστορίαις` (Roman histories). The histories themselves are personified as the subject of the verb `λέγουσιν` ("they say/record").
  3. 636τοῦτο δὲ θεάσασθαι τὴν Ὀκρισίαν πρώτην — An accusative and infinitive structure in indirect discourse, depending on `λέγουσιν` (or `φέρεται... λόγος`). `τὴν Ὀκρισίαν` is the subject accusative of the infinitives `θεάσασθαι` and `εἰπεῖν`. The adjective `πρώτην` is used predicatively, meaning "Ocrisia was the first to see this."
  4. 636δόξαι τῷ βασιλεῖ — The aorist infinitive of the impersonal verb `δοκεῖ` ("it seems good to..." / "it was decided by..."), continuing the indirect discourse of the narrative. The person who decides is in the dative (`τῷ βασιλεῖ`), and the decision itself is expressed by the following accusative and infinitive clause `τὴν Ὀκρισίαν... συνελθεῖν`.
  5. p.v.2p.4δοκοῦν — The neuter singular present participle (nominative or accusative) of `δοκέω`, agreeing with the preceding noun `τοῦτο τὸ μύθευμα` (this myth). It functions as a concessive participle ("although seeming..."), or it can be analyzed as an accusative absolute.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §4.2.1-4.2.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.2.1-4.2.4

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