§3.67.1αὗται πολεμικαὶ πράξεις βασιλέως Ταρκυνίου μνημονεύονται, εἰρηνικαὶ δὲ καὶ πολιτικαὶ τοιαίδε τινές, οὐδὲ γὰρ ταύτας βούλομαι παρελθεῖν ἀμνημονεύτους.
These are the military deeds of King Tarquinius that are recorded; and his peaceful and civil deeds were of the following nature, for I do not wish to pass over these either without mention.
εὐθὺς γὰρ ἅμα τῷ παραλαβεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν τὸν δημοτικὸν ὄχλον οἰκεῖον ἑαυτῷ ποιῆσαι προθυμηθείς, ὥσπερ οἱ πρότεροι βασιλεῖς ἐποίουν, διὰ τοιαύτας εὐεργεσίας ὑπηγάγετο· ἐπιλέξας ἄνδρας ἑκατὸν ἐξ ἁπάντων τῶν δημοτικῶν, οἷς ἀρετήν τινα πολεμικὴν ἢ πολιτικὴν φρόνησιν ἅπαντες ἐμαρτύρουν, πατρικίους ἐποίησε καὶ κατέταξεν εἰς τὸν τῶν βουλευτῶν ἀριθμόν, καὶ τότε πρῶτον ἐγένοντο Ῥμαίοις τριακόσιοι βουλευταὶ τέως ὄντες διακόσιοι.
For immediately upon receiving the sovereignty, being desirous to make the common people friendly to himself, as the former kings had done, he won them over by the following benefits: having chosen one hundred men from among all the plebeians, to whose military virtue or political wisdom everyone bore witness, he made them patricians and enrolled them in the number of the senators; and then for the first time there were three hundred senators for the Romans, whereas they had previously been two hundred.
§3.67.2ἔπειτα ταῖς ἱεραῖς παρθένοις, ὑφʼ ὧν τὸ ἄσβεστον φυλάττεται πῦρ, τέτταρσιν οὔσαις δύο προσκατέλεξεν ἑτέρας· πλειόνων γὰρ ἤδη συντελουμένων ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἱερουργιῶν, αἷς ἔδει τὰς τῆς Ἑστίας παρεῖναι θυηπόλους, οὐκ ἐδόκουν αἱ τέτταρες ἀρκεῖν.
Next, to the sacred virgins, by whom the unquenchable fire is guarded, who were four in number, he added two others; for since more sacrifices were by this time being performed by the city, at which it was necessary for the priestesses of Vesta to be present, the four did not seem to be sufficient.
Ταρκυνίου δὲ ἄρξαντος ἠκολούθουν οἱ λοιποὶ βασιλεῖς, καὶ μέχρι τῶν καθʼ ἡμᾶς χρόνων ἓξ ἀποδείκνυνται τῆς Ἑστίας ἀμφίπολοι.
And Tarquinius having begun this, the remaining kings followed, and down to our own times six priestesses of Vesta are appointed.
§3.67.3δοκεῖ δὲ καὶ τὰς τιμωρίας, αἷς κολάζονται πρὸς τῶν ἱεροφαντῶν αἱ μὴ φυλάττουσαι τὴν παρθενίαν, ἐκεῖνος ἐξευρεῖν πρῶτος εἴτε κατὰ λογισμὸν εἴτε ὡς οἴονταί τινες ὀνείρῳ πειθόμενος, ἃς μετὰ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτὴν ἐν τοῖς Σιβυλλείοις εὑρεθῆναι χρησμοῖς οἱ τῶν ἱερῶν ἐξηγηταὶ λέγουσιν·
And he seems also to have been the first to devise the punishments with which those who do not preserve their virginity are chastised by the pontiffs, whether by reasoning or, as some think, in obedience to a dream; which punishments, the interpreters of sacred rites say, were found after his death in the Sibylline oracles.
ἐφωράθη γάρ τις ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκείνου βασιλείας ἱέρεια Πιναρία Ποπλίου θυγάτηρ οὐχ ἁγνὴ προσιοῦσα τοῖς ἱεροῖς.
For in his reign a certain priestess named Pinaria, the daughter of Publius, was detected approaching the sacred rites in an unchaste condition.
τρόπος δὲ τιμωρίας ὅστις ἐστίν, ᾧ κολάζουσι τὰς διαφθαρείσας, ἐν τῇ πρὸ ταύτης δεδήλωταί §3.67.4μοι γραφῇ. τήν τε ἀγοράν, ἐν ᾗ δικάζουσι καὶ ἐκκλησιάζουσι καὶ τὰς ἄλλας πολιτικὰς ἐπιτελοῦσι παράξεις ἐκεῖνος ἐκόσμησεν ἐργαστηρίοις τε καὶ παστάσι περιλαβών, καὶ τὰ τείχη τῆς πόλεως αὐτοσχέδια καὶ φαῦλα ταῖς ἐργασίαις ὄντα πρῶτος ᾠκοδομήσατο λίθοις ἁμαξιαίοις εἰργασμένοις πρὸς κανόνα.
And what the manner of punishment is, with which they chastise those who have been corrupted, has been made clear in my μοι γραφῇ. （writing.） And he adorned the forum, in which they try cases, hold assemblies, and perform other civil duties, surrounding it with workshops and porticoes, and was the first to build the walls of the city, which before had been temporary and mean in their workmanship, with stones as large as a cartload, shaped according to a rule.
§3.67.5ἤρξατο δὲ καὶ τὰς ὑπονόμους ὀρύττειν τάφρους, διʼ ὧν ἐπὶ τὸν Τέβεριν ὀχετεύεται πᾶν τὸ συρρέον ἐκ τῶν στενωπῶν ὕδωρ, ἔργα θαυμαστὰ καὶ κρείττω λόγου κατασκευασάμενος.
He also began to dig the underground sewers, through which all the water that flows together from the streets is conducted into the Tiber, constructing works that are wonderful and beyond description.
ἔγωγʼ οὖν ἐν τρισὶ τοῖς μεγαλοπρεπεστάτοις κατασκευάσμασι τῆς Ῥώμης, ἐξ ὧν μάλιστα τὸ τῆς ἡγεμονίας ἐμφαίνεται μέγεθος, τάς τε τῶν ὑδάτων ἀγωγὰς τίθεμαι καὶ τὰς τῶν ὁδῶν στρώσεις καὶ τὰς τῶν ὑπονόμων ἐργασίας οὐ μόνον εἰς τὸ χρήσιμον τῆς κατασκευῆς τὴν διάνοιαν ἀναφέρων, ὑπὲρ οὗ κατὰ τὸν οἰκεῖον καιρὸν ἐρῶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὴν τῶν ἀναλωμάτων πολυτέλειαν, ἣν ἐξ ἑνὸς ἔργου τεκμήραιτʼ ἄν τις Γάιον Ἀκίλλιον ποιησάμενος τοῦ μέλλοντος λέγεσθαι βεβαιωτήν, ὅς φησιν ἀμεληθεισῶν ποτε τῶν τάφρων καὶ μηκέτι διαρρεομένων τοὺς τιμητὰς τὴν ἀνακάθαρσιν αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ἐπισκευὴν χιλίων μισθῶσαι ταλάντων.
I, at any rate, regard the aqueducts, the paved roads, and the construction of the sewers as the three most magnificent works of Rome, from which the greatness of her empire is especially manifest, directing my attention not only to the usefulness of the construction (about which I shall speak at the proper time), but also to the expensiveness of the cost, which one might estimate from a single work, by taking Gaius Acilius as the guarantor of what is about to be said, who says that, when the sewers had been neglected at one time and were no longer flowing, the censors contracted for their cleansing and repair at a thousand talents.