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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §3.63.1-3.63.3

Declaration of War on the Sabines and Initial Victory

Passage 234 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Tarquinius declares war on the Sabines, the sole remaining rival to Roman supremacy, over their refusal to surrender conspirators. When the Sabines invade, the king swiftly marches out, defeats their plundering detachments, and pitches camp nearby to await reinforcements.

§3.63.1ἑνὸς δὲ καταλειπομένου τοῦ Σαβίνων ἔθνους ἀντιπάλου Ῥωμαίοις ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἄνδρας τε μαχητὰς ἔχοντος καὶ χώραν νεμομένου πολλὴν καὶ ἀγαθὴν καὶ τῆς Ῥώμης οὐ πρόσω κειμένην, πολλὴν ἔσχεν ὁ Ταρκύνιος προθυμίαν καὶ τούτους ὑπαγαγέσθαι καὶ προεῖπεν αὐτοῖς τὸν πόλεμον ἐγκαλῶν ταῖς πόλεσιν, ὅτι τοὺς ὑποσχομένους Τυρρηνοῖς ἐὰν ἀφίκωνται στρατὸν ἄγοντες εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν ἐκείνοις μὲν φίλας, Ῥωμαίοις δʼ ἐχθρὰς ποιήσειν τὰς σφετέρας πατρίδας οὐκ ἐβούλοντο ἐκδοῦναι.
Since the nation of the Sabines alone was left as a rival to the Romans for the supremacy, possessing warlike men and occupying a vast and fertile land situated not far from Rome, Tarquinius had a great desire to subjugate them as well, and declared war against them, accusing their cities because they were unwilling to surrender those who had promised the Tyrrhenians that, if they should come into their country with an army, they would make their respective homelands friendly to them but hostile to the Romans.
§3.63.2οἱ δὲ ἄσμενοί τε ὑποδέχονται τὸν πόλεμον οὐκ ἀξιοῦντες τοὺς δυνατωτάτους τῶν ἀστῶν ἀφαιρεθῆναι, καὶ πρὶν ἀφικέσθαι Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν ἐπὶ σφᾶς αὐτοὶ στρατὸν ἐξάγουσιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκείνων.
The Sabines gladly accepted the war, not thinking it right that the most influential of their citizens should be taken away, and before the Roman force could reach them, they themselves led an army into the territory of the Romans.
βασιλεὺς δὲ Ταρκύνιος ὡς ἤκουσε διαβεβηκότας τοὺς Σαβίνους Ἀνίητα ποταμὸν καὶ λεηλατούμενα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν τὰ περὶ τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἅπαντα, ἀναλαβὼν τὴν εὐζωνοτάτην Ῥωμαίων νεότητα ὡς εἶχε τάχους ἐξῆγεν ἐπὶ τοὺς διεσπαρμένους ἐπὶ τὰς προνομάς.
And King Tarquinius, when he heard that the Sabines had crossed the river Anio and that all the country around his camp was being plundered by them, took the most active of the Roman youth and led them with all possible speed against those who were dispersed for plundering.
§3.63.3ἀποκτείνας δὲ πολλοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν λείαν ὅσην ἦγον ἀφελόμενος ἐγγὺς τῆς ἐκείνων παρεμβολῆς τίθεται τὸν χάρακα καὶ διαλιπὼν ὀλίγας τινὰς ἡμέρας, ἕως ἥ τε λοιπὴ δύναμις ἐκ τῆς πόλεως πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀφίκετο καὶ αἱ παρὰ τῶν συμμάχων ἐπικουρίαι συνήχθησαν, κατέβαινεν εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὡς μαχησόμενος.
Having slain many of them and recovered all the booty they were carrying off, he pitched his camp near theirs, and after waiting a few days until the rest of the forces from the city joined him and the auxiliary troops from the allies were assembled, he marched down into the plain with the intention of fighting.

Notes

  1. ¦p.v.1p.385¦ἑνὸς δὲ καταλειπομένου τοῦ Σαβίνων ἔθνους — This is a genitive absolute construction where the subject is τοῦ Σαβίνων ἔθνους and the main participle is καταλειπομένου. The subject is further modified by two coordinated genitive participles, ἔχοντος and νεμομένου, creating a lengthy subordinate structure that provides the background.
  2. §3.63.1τοὺς ὑποσχομένους ... ποιήσειν — The aorist participle τοὺς ὑποσχομένους ('those who promised') takes the future infinitive ποιήσειν ('that they would make') as its object. The conditional clause ἐὰν ἀφίκωνται is embedded between them, representing the indirect speech version of a direct conditional statement (ἐὰν ἀφίκωνται ... ποιήσομεν).
  3. §3.63.2ὡς εἶχε τάχους — An idiomatic expression consisting of the relative adverb ὡς, the intransitive use of ἔχω, and the partitive genitive τάχους, meaning 'with all the speed he could muster' or 'as fast as possible.'
  4. §3.63.3ἕως ἥ τε λοιπὴ δύναμις ... ἀφίκετο — The conjunction ἕως introduces past indicative verbs (ἀφίκετο, συνήχθησαν) to denote an actual limit or event reached in the past ('until the rest of the force arrived...'). This specifies the temporal limit of the main clause participle διαλιπὼν ('after waiting some days').

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §3.63.1-3.63.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.63.1-3.63.3

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