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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §3.56.1-3.56.4

Destruction of the Sabine Bridge and Capture of Their Camps

Passage 227 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Tarquinius released burning boats to set fire to the Sabine bridge, and exploiting the confusion, captured both of their camps through a coordinated pincer attack, taking many prisoners.

§3.56.1σκάφας ποταμηγοὺς καὶ σχεδίας ξύλων αὔων καὶ φρυγάνων γεμούσας, ἔτι δὲ πίσσης τε καὶ θείου παρασκευασάμενος ἐπὶ θατέρου τῶν ποταμῶν, παρʼ ὃν αὐτὸς ἐστρατοπεδεύκει, ἔπειτα φυλάξας ἄνεμον οὔριον περὶ τὴν ἑωθινὴν φυλακὴν πῦρ ἐνεῖναι ταῖς ὕλαις ἐκέλευσε καὶ μεθεῖναι τὰς σκάφας καὶ τὰς σχεδίας φέρεσθαι κατὰ ῥοῦν.
Tarquinius, having prepared on one of the two rivers, beside which he himself had encamped, river-boats and rafts laden with dry wood and brushwood, and additionally with pitch and sulfur, then, having watched for a favorable wind around the dawn watch, ordered them to set fire to the materials and to release the boats and rafts to drift down the stream.
αἱ δὲ ἐν ὀλίγῳ πάνυ χρόνῳ διελθοῦσαι τὸν μεταξὺ πόρον ἐμπίπτουσι τῇ §3.56.2γεφύρᾳ καὶ ἀνάπτουσιν αὐτὴν πολλαχόθεν.
And these, having traversed the intervening passage in a very short time, fell upon the bridge and set it on fire in many places.
τῶν δὲ Σαβίνων ᾡς εἶδον ἄφνω πολλὴν φλόγα φερομένην συνδραμόντων ἐπὶ τὴν βοήθειαν καὶ πάντα μηχανωμένων ὅσα σβεστήρια τοῦ πυρὸς ἦν, ἧκεν ὁ Ταρκύνιος περὶ τὸν ὄρθρον ἄγων συντεταγμένην τὴν Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν καὶ προσβαλὼν θατέρῳ χάρακι τῶν μὲν πλείστων ἐκλελοιπότων τὰς φυλακὰς διὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τὰ καιόμενα ὁρμήν, ὀλίγων δέ τινων πρὸς ἀλκὴν τραπομένων, §3.56.3ἐγκρατὴς αὐτοῦ γίνεται δίχα πόνου.
While the Sabines, when they suddenly saw a great flame being carried down, ran together to give assistance and contrived every means that was for extinguishing the fire, Tarquinius arrived around daybreak, leading the Roman force drawn up in order, and attacked one of the two camps; since most of them had abandoned their watchposts because of their rush toward the burning things, and only a few turned to resistance, he became master of it without difficulty.
ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπράττετο χρόνῳ καὶ τὸν ἕτερον τῶν Σαβίνων χάρακα τὸν ἐπέκεινα τοῦ ποταμοῦ κείμενον ἑτέρα δύναμις Ῥωμαίων ἐπελθοῦσα αἱρεῖ, ἣ προαπέσταλτο μὲν ὑπὸ Ταρκυνίου περὶ πρῶτον ὕπνον, διεληλύθει δὲ τὸν ἐκ τῶν δυεῖν ποταμῶν ἕνα γενόμενον ἐν σκάφαις καὶ σχεδίαις καθʼ ὃ μέρος περαιουμένη λήσεσθαι ἔμελλε τοὺς Σαβίνους, πλησίον δὲ τῆς ἑτέρας ἐγεγόνει παρεμβολῆς ἅμα τῷ θεάσασθαι τὴν γέφυραν καιομένην· τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν αὐτῇ τὸ σύνθημα §3.56.4τῆς ἐφόδου.
At the same time that these things were being done, another Roman force, having advanced, captured the other camp of the Sabines which was situated on the far side of the river. This force had been sent beforehand by Tarquinius about the first sleep, and had crossed on boats and rafts the river made one out of the two, at that part where, by crossing over, it was likely to escape the notice of the Sabines, and had come near the other camp at the same moment they saw the bridge burning; for this was for it the signal of the attack.
τῶν δʼ ἐν τοῖς χάραξι καταληφθέντων οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων μαχόμενοι κατεκόπησαν, οἱ δʼ εἰς τὴν συμβολὴν τῶν ποταμῶν ῥίψαντες ἑαυτοὺς οὐ δυνηθέντες ὑπερενεχθῆναι τὰς δίνας κατεπόθησαν· ἐφθάρη δέ τις αὐτῶν μοῖρα οὐκ ὀλίγη καὶ κατὰ τὴν βοήθειαν τῆς γεφύρας ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρός.
Of those caught in the camps, some, fighting, were cut down by the Romans, while others, having thrown themselves into the confluence of the rivers, being unable to get past the whirlpools, were swallowed up; and no small part of them was also destroyed by the fire during the assistance of the bridge.
λαβὼν δὲ ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἀμφότερα τὰ στρατόπεδα τὰ μὲν ἐν αὐτοῖς καταληφθέντα χρήματα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπέτρεψε διανείμασθαι, τοὺς δὲ αἰχμαλώτους πολλοὺς πάνυ ὄντας Σαβίνων τε αὐτῶν καὶ Τυρρηνῶν εἰς Ῥώμην ἀγαγὼν διὰ πολλῆς εἶχε φυλακῆς.
And Tarquinius, having captured both camps, permitted the soldiers to distribute among themselves the property found in them, and having led the prisoners, who were very many both of the Sabines themselves and of the Tyrrhenians, to Rome, held them under strict guard.

Notes

  1. 3.56.2τῶν δὲ Σαβίνων ὡς εἶδον ἄφνω πολλὴν φλόγα φερομένην συνδραμόντων ἐπὶ τὴν βοήθειαν καὶ πάντα μηχανωμένων ὅσα σβεστήρια τοῦ πυρὸς ἦν — The phrase τῶν Σαβίνων ... συνδραμόντων ... καὶ ... μηχανωμένων is a genitive absolute construction, expressing a temporal circumstance with the Sabines (different from the main subject ὁ Ταρκύνιος) as the logical subject. It features a complex nested structure where the subordinate clause ὡς εἶδον... (when they saw...) is inserted inside the participle phrase.
  2. 3.56.3τὸν ἐκ τῶν δυεῖν ποταμῶν ἕνα γενόμενον — Meaning "the [river] which became one out of the two rivers," this phrase is the direct object of the preceding verb διεληλύθει (had crossed). The noun (here, ποταμόν) is omitted, and the phrase is substantivized by the article τὸν and the participle γενόμενον. It refers to the lower stream after the confluence of the Anio and Tiber rivers.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §3.56.1-3.56.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.56.1-3.56.4

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