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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §20.5.1-20.5.5

Decius's Blindness and the Punishing of the Mutineers

Passage 950 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The Roman senate dispatches a new army upon learning of the disaster in Rhegium. Meanwhile, the impious garrison commander Decius is punished by divine providence with blindness through a deceitful physician, and is subsequently captured and delivered to the Romans, leading to the execution of the conspirators.

§20.5.1ἡ δὲ βουλὴ μαθοῦσα τὰ περὶ τοὺς Ῥηγίνους πάθη παρὰ τῶν διαφυγόντων τὸν ὄλεθρον οὐδὲ τὸν ἐλάχιστον ἀναμείνασα χρόνον ἀποστέλλει στρατιὰν νεοσύλλεκτον ἄγοντα ἑτέραν τὸν κατὰ πόλιν στρατηγόν.
The senate, having learned of the disasters of the Regians from those who had escaped the destruction, without waiting even the slightest time, dispatched a newly recruited army, sending the city praetor to lead another army.
§20.5.2φθάσασα δὲ τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἄφιξιν ἡ τοῦ δαιμονίου πρόνοια τὸν ἡγεμόνα τῆς φρουρᾶς Δέκιον ἀντὶ τῶν ἀνοσίων βουλευμάτων εἰς τὰ κυριώτατα τοῦ ζῆν ἐτιμωρήσατο μέρη, νόσον εἰς τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐμβαλοῦσα δεινὰς περιωδυνίας φέρουσαν·
But the providence of the deity, anticipating the arrival of the Romans, punished the commander of the garrison, Decius, in the most vital parts of his life as a recompense for his impious designs, by inflicting a disease on his eyes that brought terrible pain.
ἣν ἰάσασθαι προθυμούμενος ἅνθρωπος ἐκ Μεσσήνης ἰατρὸν μεταπέμπεται, Δεξικράτην ὄνομα, πυνθανόμενος ἄριστον εἶναι τῶν κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ἡλικίαν ἰατρῶν, ἀγνοῶν δὲ ὅτι Ῥηγῖνος ἦν τὸ γένος·
Desiring to cure this, the man sent for a physician from Messene, named Dexicrates, having heard that he was the best of the physicians of his generation, but not knowing that he was a Regian by birth.
ὃς ἀφικόμενος εἰς τὸ Ῥήγιον ἐναλείφει τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ καυστικῷ φαρμάκῳ καὶ διακελευσάμενος ἀνέχεσθαι τὰς περιωδυνίας, ἕως ἂν ἀφίκηται, καταβὰς ἐπὶ θάλατταν εἰς τὸ παρεσκευασμένον πορθμεῖον ἐνέβη καὶ πρὶν αἰσθέσθαι τινὰ τὸ πραχθὲν εἰς Μεσσήνην ἀπέπλευσεν.
The physician, having arrived in Rhegium, anointed his eyes with a caustic drug, and having exhorted him to bear the terrible pain until he should return, went down to the sea, boarded the ferry-boat that had been prepared, and sailed away to Messene before anyone perceived what had been done.
§20.5.3Δέκιος δὲ μέχρι μέν τινος ἐκκαιομένης τῆς ὁράσεως ἀλγηδόνας τε δεινὰς ὑπομένων ἠνείχετο τὸν ἰατρὸν προσδεχόμενος, ὡς δὲ πολὺς ἐγίγνετο ὁ χρόνος καὶ τὰς περιωδυνίας ἀδύνατος ἦν ἔτι φέρειν, σπογγίσας τὸ φάρμακον καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνοίξας ἔγνω τὰς ὄψεις ἐκκεκαυμένος καὶ τὸν ἐξ ἐκείνου χρόνον διέμεινε τυφλός·
Decius, for a certain time, while his sight was being burned away, endured the terrible pain and waited for the physician. But when a long time had passed and he was no longer able to bear the agony, he wiped off the drug with a sponge and, opening his eyes, realized that his sight was completely destroyed, and for the rest of his life he remained blind.
ἡμέρας τε ὀλίγας ἔτι περιενέγκας ὑποχείριος τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις γίγνεται συλληφθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων.
Having dragged on for a few more days, he fell into the hands of the Romans, being seized by his own men.
§20.5.4ταύτην γὰρ οἰόμενοί τινες ἀπολογίαν τήν τε πόλιν ἀνέῳξαν τῷ στρατηγῷ καὶ τὸν Δέκιον δήσαντες παρέδοσαν Φαβρικίῳ.
For some, thinking this would be their defense, opened the city to the general and, having bound Decius, delivered him to Fabricius.
ὁ δὲ τὴν μὲν πόλιν ἀποδίδωσι τοῖς περιοῦσι Ῥηγίνων, τοὺς δὲ φρουροὺς ἅπαντα καταλιπεῖν αὐτόθι κελεύσας ἀπήγαγεν οὐδὲν ἐπιφερομένους ἔξω τῶν ὅπλων·
He restored the city to the surviving Regians, and having ordered the garrison to leave everything behind there, led them away carrying nothing except their weapons.
§20.5.5ἐξ ὧν τοὺς κορυφαιοτάτους ἄνδρας ἐπιλεξάμενος, οὓς ἀπέφαινον οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνοσίων βουλευμάτων εἶναι κοινωνούς, δεσμίους εἰς Ῥώμην ἤγαγεν·
Selecting from among them the chief leaders, whom the rest pointed out as accomplices in the impious designs, he brought them in chains to Rome.
οὓς ἐν ἀγορᾷ μάστιξιν αἰκισάμενοι, ὡς ἦν πάτριον ἐπὶ τοῖς κακούργοις κείμενον, ἀπέκτειναν τῷ πελέκει τὰς κεφαλὰς ἀποκοπέντας, ἐκτὸς Δεκίου καὶ τοῦ γραμματέως· οὗτοι δὲ παρακρουσάμενοι τοὺς φυλάττοντας ἢ χρήμασιν ὠνησάμενοι τὸ μὴ μεθʼ ὕβρεως ἀποθανεῖν ἑαυτοὺς διεχειρίσαντο.
Having tortured them with whips in the forum, according to the ancestral custom established for criminals, they put them to death by cutting off their heads with the axe, except for Decius and the secretary; for these, having deceived their guards or having purchased with money the right to die without ignominy, took their own lives.
καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἐπὶ τούτοις. εσξ.
These, then, were the events concerning them.

Notes

  1. §20.5.1ἄγοντα ἑτέραν τὸν κατὰ πόλιν στρατηγόν — `ἄγοντα` is a present participle in the accusative singular masculine, modifying `τὸν κατὰ πόλιν στρατηγόν` ("the praetor of the city"). `ἑτέραν` (accusative singular feminine) elides `στρατιάν` ("army") and functions as the direct object of the participle `ἄγοντα`, indicating that the city praetor was dispatched leading another force in addition to the newly recruited army.
  2. §20.5.2ἅνθρωπος — A crasis of `ὁ ἄνθρωπος` ("the man"). In this context, it refers to Decius, the commander of the garrison.
  3. §20.5.3ἔγνω τὰς ὄψεις ἐκκεκαυμένος — The verb of perceiving `ἔγνω` (aorist of `γιγνώσκω`) takes a nominative participle `ἐκκεκαυμένος` (perfect passive participle of `ἐκκαίω`) instead of an accusative-and-infinitive construction. The nominative is used because the subject of the perceived action is identical with the subject of the main clause (Decius), meaning "he realized that he had had his sight burned away."
  4. §20.5.4ταύτην γὰρ οἰόμενοί τινες ἀπολογίαν — `ταύτην` ("this") takes `ἀπολογίαν` ("defense" or "apology") as a predicative noun. The phrase means "thinking this to be their defense," representing the psychological state of some members of the garrison who believed that capturing and delivering Decius would serve as an excuse or atonement for their own actions.
  5. §20.5.5ἀποκοπέντας — The second aorist passive participle (accusative plural masculine) of `ἀποκόπτω`, modifying the relative pronoun `οὓς`. It adds a passive circumstance ("having been cut off [concerning their heads]") to the action of the main verb `ἀπέκτειναν τῷ πελέκει` ("they put to death with the axe").

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §20.5.1-20.5.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:20.5.1-20.5.5

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