§2.17.1τὰ δὲ Ἑλλήνων ἔθη παρὰ ταῦτα ἐξετάζων οὐκ ἔχω πῶς ἐπαινέσω τά τε Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τὰ τῶν Θηβαίων καὶ τῶν μέγιστον ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ φρονούντων Ἀθηναίων, οἳ φυλάττοντες τὸ εὐγενὲς καὶ μηδενὶ μεταδιδόντες εἰ μὴ σπανίοις τῆς παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς πολιτείας ʽἐῶ γὰρ λέγειν ὅτι καὶ ξενηλατοῦντες ἔνιοἰ πρὸς τῷ μηδὲν ἀπολαῦσαι ταύτης τῆς μεγαληγορίας ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὰ μέγιστα διʼ αὐτὴν ἐβλάβησαν.
When I examine the customs of the Greeks in contrast to these, I do not know how I can praise those of the Lacedaemonians and of the Thebans and of the Athenians, who pride themselves most on wisdom; for they, guarding their nobility and sharing their citizenship with no one except a few (for I omit to mention that some of them even expelled foreigners), in addition to reaping no good from this boastfulness, were also most severely harmed because of it.
§2.17.2Σπαρτιᾶται μέν γε πταίσαντες μάχῃ τῇ περὶ Λεῦκτρα, ἐν ᾗ χιλίους καὶ ἑπτακοσίους ἄνδρας ἀπέβαλον, οὐκέτι τὴν πόλιν ἠδυνήθησαν ἐκ τῆς συμφορᾶς ταύτης ἀναλαβεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἀπέστησαν τῆς ἡγεμονίας σὺν αἰσχύνῃ.
The Spartans, indeed, having stumbled in the battle around Leuctra, in which they lost one thousand seven hundred men, were no longer able to recover their city from this disaster, but withdrew from their hegemony in shame.
Θηβαῖοι δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐξ ἑνὸς τοῦ περὶ Χαιρώνειαν ἀτυχήματος ἅμα τήν τε προστασίαν τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν τὴν πάτριον ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων ἀφῃρέθησαν.
And the Thebans and Athenians, from a single misfortune around Chaeronea, were stripped at once of both the leadership of Greece and their ancestral liberty by the Macedonians.
§2.17.3ἡ δὲ Ῥωμαίων πόλις ἐν Ἰβηρίᾳ τε καὶ Ἰταλίᾳ πολέμους ἔχουσα μεγάλους Σικελίαν τε ἀφεστῶσαν ἀνακτωμένη καὶ Σαρδόνα καὶ τῶν ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ καὶ κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα πραγμάτων ἐκπεπολεμωμένων πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ Καρχηδόνος ἐπὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν πάλιν ἀνισταμένης καὶ τῆς Ἰταλίας οὐ μόνον ἀφεστώσης ὀλίγου δεῖν πάσης, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνεπαγούσης τὸν Ἀννιβιακὸν κληθέντα πόλεμον, τοσούτοις περιπετὴς γενομένη κινδύνοις κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον οὐχ ὅπως ἐκακώθη διὰ τὰς τότε τύχας, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσέλαβεν ἰσχὺν ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔτι μείζονα τῆς προτέρας τῷ πλήθει τοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ πρὸς ἅπαντα διαρκὴς γενομένη τὰ δεινά, ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὥσπερ ὑπολαμβάνουσί τινες εὐνοίᾳ τύχης χρησαμένη· §2.17.4ἐπεὶ ταύτης γε χάριν ᾤχετʼ ἂν ὑποβρύχιος ἐξ ἑνὸς τοῦ περὶ Κάννας πτώματος, ὅτε αὐτῇ ἀπὸ μὲν ἑξακισχιλίων ἱππέων ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ τριακόσιοι περιελείφθησαν, ἀπὸ δὲ μυριάδων ὀκτὼ τῶν εἰς τὸ κοινὸν στράτευμα καταγραφεισῶν ὀλίγῳ πλείους τρισχιλίων ἐσώθησαν.
But the city of the Romans, while having great wars in Iberia and Italy, and recovering revolted Sicily and Sardinia, and with affairs in Macedonia and throughout Greece having broken out into war against her, and Carthage rising up again for hegemony, and almost the whole of Italy not only revolting but also bringing upon them the war called Hannibalic—having fallen into so many dangers at the same time, not only was not weakened by the fortunes of that time, but even acquired from them a strength still greater than before, becoming, by the multitude of her military force, sufficient against all dangers, and not, as some suppose, by enjoying the favor of fortune; since, for the sake of this at least, she would have gone under from a single fall at Cannae, when, out of six thousand cavalry, three hundred and seventy were left to her, and out of eighty thousand enrolled in the common army, only a little more than three thousand were saved.