§2.10.1ἦν δὲ τὰ ὑπʼ ἐκείνου τότε ὁρισθέντα καὶ μέχρι πολλοῦ παραμείναντα χρόνου Ῥωμαίοις ἔθη περὶ τὰς πατρωνείας τοιάδε· τοὺς μὲν πατρικίους ἔδει τοῖς ἑαυτῶν πελάταις ἐξηγεῖσθαι τὰ δίκαια, ὧν οὐκ εἶχον ἐκεῖνοι τὴν ἐπιστήμην, παρόντων τε αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ παρόντων τὸν αὐτὸν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τρόπον ἅπαντα πράττοντας, ὅσα περὶ παίδων πράττουσι πατέρες, εἰς χρημάτων τε καὶ τῶν περὶ χρήματα συμβολαίων λόγον· δίκας τε ὑπὲρ τῶν πελατῶν ἀδικουμένων λαγχάνειν, εἴ τις βλάπτοιτο περὶ τὰ συμβόλαια, καὶ τοῖς ἐγκαλουσιν ὑπέχειν· ὡς δὲ ὀλίγα περὶ πολλῶν ἄν τις εἴποι πᾶσαν αὐτοῖς εἰρήνην τῶν τε ἰδίων καὶ τῶν κοινῶν πραγμάτων, ἧς μάλιστα ἐδέοντο, παρέχειν. §2.10.2τοὺς δὲ πελάτας ἔδει τοῖς ἑαυτῶν προστάταις θυγατέρας τε συνεκδίδοσθαι γαμουμένας, εἰ σπανίζοιεν οἱ πατέρες χρημάτων, καὶ λύτρα καταβάλλειν πολεμίοις, εἴ τις αὐτῶν ἢ παίδων αἰχμάλωτος γένοιτο· δίκας τε ἁλόντων ἰδίας ἢ ζημίας ὀφλόντων δημοσίας ἀργυρικὸν ἐχούσας τίμημα ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων λύεσθαι χρημάτων, οὐ δανείσματα ποιοῦντας, ἀλλὰ χάριτας· ἔν τε ἀρχαῖς καὶ γερηφορίαις καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ταῖς εἰς τὰ κοινὰ δαπάναις τῶν ἀναλωμάτων ὡς τοὺς γένει προσήκοντας μετέχειν.
The customs concerning patronage established by Romulus at that time and remaining in force among the Romans for a long time were as follows: it was the duty of the patricians to explain the laws—of which the clients were ignorant—to their own clients, and to care for them in the same manner whether they were present or absent, doing everything for them in relation to money and contracts concerning money that fathers do for their children; to bring suits on behalf of their clients if they were wronged, or if anyone injured them in connection with contracts, and to defend them against their accusers; and, to express many things in a few words, to secure for them entire peace in both private and public affairs, which they stood most in need of. On the other hand, it was the duty of the clients to assist in portioning their patrons' daughters when they married, if the fathers lacked sufficient means, and to pay ransoms to enemies if any of the patrons or their children were taken prisoner; and when they lost private suits or incurred public fines requiring a monetary penalty, to discharge these debts from their own funds, not as loans but as free gifts; and to share the expenses of their patrons' offices, honors, and other public outlays as if they were their relatives. For both parties in common, it was neither holy nor lawful to accuse one another in courts of justice, to bear witness against each other, to cast an opposing vote, or to be numbered among one another's enemies.
§2.10.3κοινῇ δʼ ἀμφοτέροις οὔτε ὅσιον οὔτε θέμις ἦν κατηγορεῖν ἀλλήλων ἐπὶ δίκαις ἢ καταμαρτυρεῖν ἢ ψῆφον ἐναντίαν ἐπιφέρειν ἢ μετὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἐξετάζεσθαι. εἰ δέ τις ἐξελεγχθείη τούτων τι διαπραττόμενος ἔνοχος ἦν τῷ νόμῳ τῆς προδοσίας, ὃν ἐκύρωσεν ὁ Ῥωμύλος, τὸν δὲ ἁλόντα τῷ βουλομένῳ κτείνειν ὅσιον ἦν ὡς θῦμα τοῦ καταχθονίου Διός.
If anyone was convicted of doing any of these things, he was guilty under the law of treason which Romulus had established, and it was lawful for anyone who wished to kill the convicted person as a victim devoted to Dis.
ἐν ἔθει γὰρ Ῥωμαίοις, ὅσους ἐβούλοντο νηποινὶ τεθνάναι, τὰ τούτων σώματα θεῶν ὁτῳδήτινι, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖς καταχθονίοις κατονομάζειν· ὃ καὶ τότε ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἐποίησε. §2.10.4τοιγάρτοι διέμειναν ἐν πολλαῖς γενεαῖς οὐδὲν διαφέρουσαι συγγενικῶν ἀναγκαιοτήτων αἱ τῶν πελατῶν τε καὶ προστατῶν συζυγίαι παισὶ παίδων συνιστάμεναι, καὶ μέγας ἔπαινος ἦν τοῖς ἐκ τῶν ἐπιφανῶν οἴκων ὡς πλείστους πελάτας ἔχειν τάς τε προγονικὰς φυλάττουσι διαδοχὰς τῶν πατρωνειῶν καὶ διὰ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀρετῆς ἄλλας ἐπικτωμένοις, ὅ τε ἀγὼν τῆς εὐνοίας ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ λειφθῆναι τῆς ἀλλήλων χάριτος ἔκτοπος ἡλίκος ἀμφοτέροις ἦν τῶν μὲν πελατῶν ἅπαντα τοῖς προστάταις ἀξιούντων ὡς δυνάμεως εἶχον ὑπηρετεῖν, τῶν δὲ πατρικίων ἥκιστα βουλομένων τοῖς πελάταις ἐνοχλεῖν χρηματικήν τε οὐδεμίαν δωρεὰν προσιεμένων·
For it was a custom among the Romans to dedicate the persons of those they wished to be killed with impunity to some god, especially to the underworld deities; and this is what Romulus did at that time. Consequently, the connections between clients and patrons continued for many generations, differing in no way from the bonds of kinship, being transmitted from children to children; and it was a matter of great praise for those of illustrious houses to have as many clients as possible, preserving the hereditary successions of patronage and acquiring others through their own virtue. The rivalry of goodwill between both parties, in their effort not to be outdone by each other's kindness, was extraordinary; the clients thinking it their duty to serve their patrons in all things to the limit of their power, and the patricians being least of all willing to trouble their clients with expenses, and refusing to accept any pecuniary gift from them.
οὕτως ἐγκρατὴς ὁ βίος ἦν αὐτοῖς ἁπάσης ἡδονῆς καὶ τὸ μακαρίον ἀρετῇ μετρῶν, οὐ τύχῃ.
So temperate was their life and so free from all pleasure, measuring happiness by virtue, not by fortune.