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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §11.8.1-11.8.4

Claudius Urges Domestic Order Before Foreign War

Passage 808 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Claudius warns that entering a war while in internal strife would play right into the enemy's hands, and argues that restoring domestic order and harmony must be the absolute priority before any military action.

§11.8.1ταῦτʼ ἐστίν, ὦ βουλή, τὰ Σαβίνων τε καὶ Αἰκανῶν ἐνθυμήματα, οἷς πεπιστευκότες ἐμβεβλήκασιν ἡμῶν εἰς τὴν γῆν.
These, senators, are the plans of the Sabines and the Aequi, relying on which they have invaded our land.
ἐὰν μὲν οὖν ἀγανακτήσαντες τῷ καταφρονεῖσθαι πρὸς αὐτῶν ἐπαρθέντων ὡς ἔχομεν ὀργῆς δύναμιν ἐξαγαγεῖν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ψηφισώμεθα, δέδοικα μὴ ταῦθʼ ἡμῖν ἃ προὔλαβον ἐκεῖνοι συμβῇ, §11.8.2μᾶλλον δʼ εὖ οἶδα συμβησόμενα.
If, therefore, being resentful of being despised by them in their insolent state, we should decree, just as we are in our anger, to lead out a force against them, I fear lest those very things which they anticipated should happen to us, or rather, I know well that they will happen.
ἐὰν δὲ τὰ πρῶτα καὶ τἀναγκαιότατα καταστησώμεθα — ταῦτα δʼ ἐστὶν ἥ τʼ εὐκοσμία τοῦ πλήθους καὶ τὸ πᾶσι ταὐτὰ συμφέροντα φαίνεσθαι — ἐξελάσαντες μὲν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τὴν νῦν ἐπιχωριάζουσαν ὕβριν καὶ πλεονεξίαν, ἀποδόντες δὲ τὸ ἀρχαῖον σχῆμα τῇ πολιτείᾳ, πτήξαντες οἱ νῦν θρασεῖς καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ῥίψαντες ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν ἥξουσιν ὡς ἡμᾶς οὐκ εἰς μακράν, τάς τε βλάβας %. . . θούμενοι καὶ περὶ διαλλαγῶν διαλεξόμενοι, ὑπάρξει τε ἡμῖν ὃ πάντες ἂν εὔξαιντο οἱ νοῦν ἔχοντες, χωρὶς ὅπλων διαπεπολεμηκέναι τὸν πρὸς αὐτοὺς πόλεμον.
But if we establish the first and most necessary things—these being the good order of the multitude and the appearance of the same interests to all—by driving out from the city the insolence and greed now prevailing here, and by restoring the ancient form to the constitution, then those who are now bold will cower and, throwing their weapons from their hands, will come to us before long, [...]ing the damages and discussing a reconciliation; and it will be our fortune to have finished the war against them without arms, which all sensible men would pray for.
§11.8.3ταῦτα δὴ λογισαμένους ἡμᾶς οἴομαι δεῖν τὴν μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πολέμου βουλήν, ἐπειδὴ ταραχωδῶς ἡμῖν ἔχει τὰ ἐντὸς τείχους, ἐᾶσαι κατὰ τὸ παρόν, ὑπὲρ ὁμονοίας δὲ καὶ κόσμου πολιτικοῦ προθεῖναι τῷ βουλομένῳ λέγειν.
Considering these things, I think we ought to leave aside for the present the consultation concerning the war, since the affairs within the walls are in a state of confusion for us, and to propose to anyone who wishes to speak to do so concerning harmony and political order.
οὐ γὰρ ἐξεγένετο ἡμῖν, πρὶ εἰς τοῦτο καταστῆσαι τὸν πόλεμον, ὑπὸ τῆσδε τῆς ἀρχῆς κληθεῖσι περὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει πραγμάτων εἴ τι μὴ καλῶς εἶχε τῶν γιγνομένων διαγνῶναι.
For it was not permitted to us, before bringing the war into this state, when summoned by this magistracy, to judge concerning the affairs in the city, if any of the things being done was not well.
§11.8.4πολλῆς γὰρ ἂν ἐπιτιμήσεως ἄξιος ἦν, εἴ τις ἐκεῖνον ἀφεὶς τὸν καιρὸν ἐν τούτῳ λέγειν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἠξίου· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔχοι τις εἰπεῖν βεβαίως, ὅτι τοῦτον ὑπερβαλόμενοι τὸν καιρὸν ὡς οὐκ ἐπιτήδειον ἑτέρου δυνησόμεθα τυχεῖν ἐπιτηδειοτέρου.
For a man would have been worthy of much censure if, letting that opportunity pass, he had claimed to speak about them on this one; nor could anyone say with certainty that, if we put off this opportunity as unsuitable, we shall be able to find another more suitable.
εἰ γὰρ ἐκ τῶν γεγονότων τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι βούλεταί τις εἰκάζειν, πολὺς ὁ μετὰ τοῦτον ἔσται χρόνος, ἐν ᾧ περὶ οὐδενὸς τῶν κοινῶν συνελευσόμεθα βουλευσόμενοι.
For if one wishes to conjecture the future from the past, there will be a long time after this in which we shall not assemble to consult about any of our public affairs.

Notes

  1. 2176πρὸς αὐτῶν ἐπαρθέντων — The participle ἐπαρθέντων (elated, puffed up) is in the genitive case, agreeing attributively with αὐτῶν in the prepositional phrase πρὸς αὐτῶν (by them), which denotes the agent of the passive verbal noun τῷ καταφρονεῖσθαι (being despised).
  2. 2176ὡς ἔχομεν ὀργῆς — The construction of ὡς with the intransitive verb ἔχω and a genitive of state (here ὀργῆς) means 'in such a state (of emotion, etc.) as we are.' Here it means 'in our current state of anger' or 'just as we are in our anger.'
  3. 2176τάς τε βλάβας % ... θούμενοι — There is a lacuna in the manuscripts indicated by the symbol %. Contextually, a verb such as [ἀποτι-]θούμενοι (making amends for) is generally restored, but the translations preserve the gap accordingly.
  4. 2177κληθεῖσι — An aorist passive participle in the dative plural (from κληθείς), agreeing with ἡμῖν, which serves as the dative complement of the impersonal verb ἐξεγένετο (it was possible). It translates as 'to us, having been summoned...'
  5. 11.8.4πολλῆς γὰρ ἂν ἐπιτιμήσεως ἄξιος ἦν — The combination of the particle ἂν with an indicative past tense (ἦν) forms the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition, meaning 'he would have been worthy of much censure.' The corresponding protasis is the following εἴ τις ... ἠξίου (with the imperfect indicative).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §11.8.1-11.8.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.8.1-11.8.4

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