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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §11.44.1-11.44.5

Junction of the Fidenae Army and Senate Debates

Passage 844 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The army from Fidenae joins the revolt, and the soldiers elect twenty military tribunes to establish their camp on the Aventine. In response, a debate begins in the senate regarding the punishment of the mutineers, and the author comments on his treatment of the Twelve Tables.

§11.44.1ἧκον δʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπίκουροι μετʼ οὐ πολὺ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Φιδήνῃ στρατιᾶς οἱ κράτιστοι τῶν τριῶν ταγμάτων λοχαγοὶ πολλὴν δύναμιν ἐπαγόμενοι, ἀλλοτρίως μὲν ἔτι πάλαι διακείμενοι πρὸς τοὺς ἐκεῖ στρατηγούς, ἐξ οὗ Σίκκιον τὸν πρεσβευτὴν ἀπέκτειναν, ὥσπερ ἔφην, δεδιότες δʼ ἄρξαι τῆς ἀποστάσεως πρότεροι, ὡς οἰκείων ὄντων τῇ δεκαδαρχίᾳ τῶν ἐν Ἀλγιδῷ πέντε ταγμάτων, τότε δʼ, ἐπειδὴ τὴν ἐκείνων ἀπόστασιν ἐπέγνωσαν, ἀγαπητῶς τὸ συμβὰν ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης δεξάμενοι.
Not long after, there came to their aid also from the army in Fidenae the best captains of the three legions, bringing a large force. They had long since been ill-disposed toward the generals there, ever since they had slain Siccius the envoy, as I have said; but they had feared to be the first to begin the revolt, believing that the five legions at Algidus were friendly to the decemvirate. At that time, however, when they learned of their revolt, they gladly welcomed the event brought by fortune.
§11.44.2ἡγεμόνες δὲ καὶ τούτων τῶν ταγμάτων ἦσαν δέκα χιλίαρχοι καθʼ ὁδὸν ἀποδειχθέντες, ὧν ἐπιφανέστατος Σέξτος Μάλιος ἦν.
And the leaders of these legions also were ten military tribunes appointed on the march, of whom Sextus Malius was the most distinguished.
ἐπεὶ δὲ συνέμιξαν ἀλλήλοις, θέμενοι τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς εἴκοσι χιλιάρχοις ἐπέτρεψαν ἅπαντα ὑπὲρ τοῦ κοινοῦ λέγειν τε καὶ πράττειν.
When they had joined one another, they grounded their arms and entrusted to the twenty military tribunes the authority to speak and act in all things on behalf of the common interest.
ἐκ δὲ τῶν εἴκοσι τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους ἀπέδειξαν δύο προβούλους, Μάρκον Ὄππιον καὶ Σέξτον Μάλιον· οὗτοι βουλευτήριον ἐξ ἁπάντων καταστησάμενοι τῶν λοχαγῶν, §11.44.3μετʼ ἐκείνων ἅπαντα διετέλουν πραγματευόμενοι.
And from the twenty they appointed the two most distinguished as spokesmen, Marcus Oppius and Sextus Malius; these, having established a council consisting of all the captains, continued to transact all business with them.
ἀδήλου δʼ ἔτι τοῖς πολλοῖς τῆς διανοίας αὐτῶν οὔσης Ἄππιος μέν, οἷα δὴ συγγινώσκων ἑαυτῷ τῆς παρούσης ταραχῆς αἰτίῳ γεγονότι καὶ τῶν προσδοκωμένων διʼ αὐτὴν ἔσεσθαι κακῶν, οὐκέτι τῶν κοινῶν οὐδὲν ἠξίου πράττειν, ἀλλὰ κατʼ οἶκον ἔμενεν·
While their intention was still unclear to the majority, Appius, being conscious that he himself was the cause of the present tumult and of the evils expected to come because of it, no longer saw fit to perform any public duties, but remained at home.
ὁ δὲ σὺν αὐτῷ τεταγμένος ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως Σπόριος Ὄππιος, διαταραχθεὶς κατʼ ἀρχὰς καὶ αὐτός, ὡς αὐτίκα μάλα τῶν ἐχθρῶν σφίσιν ἐπιθησομένων καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἡκόντων, ἐπειδὴ κατέμαθεν οὐδὲν νεωτερίσαντας αὐτούς, ὑφέμενος τοῦ δέους ἐκάλει τὴν βουλὴν εἰς τὸ συνέδριον ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν κατʼ ἄνδρα μεταπεμπόμενος.
But Spurius Oppius, who was appointed with him over the city, although he himself also was at first thrown into great confusion, thinking that the enemy would attack them immediately and had come for this purpose, when he learned that they had made no revolutionary movement, abated his fear and called the senate into the chamber, sending for them individually from their houses.
§11.44.4ἔτι δʼ αὐτῶν συλλεγομένων ἧκον οἱ ἐκ τῆς ἐν Φιδήνῃ στρατιᾶς ἡγεμόνες ἀγανακτοῦντες ἐπὶ τῷ καταλελεῖφθαι τοὺς χάρακας ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀμφοτέρους, καὶ τὴν βουλὴν πείθοντες ἀξίαν τοῦ πράγματος ὀργὴν κατʼ αὐτῶν λαβεῖν.
While they were still assembling, the commanders of the army at Fidenae arrived, expressing indignation that both camps had been abandoned by the soldiers, and persuading the senate to conceive against them an anger worthy of the deed.
ἐπεὶ δʼ ἀγορεύειν γνώμην ἕκαστον ἔδει, Λεύκιος μὲν Κορνήλιος ἔφη δεῖν ἀπεῖναι τοὺς ταχθέντα εἰς τὸν Ἀουεντῖνον αὐθημερὸν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν χάρακας, καὶ τὰ κελευόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν στρατηγῶν ἐπιτελεῖν μηδενὸς ὄντας τῶν γεγονότων ὑποδίκους, πλὴν τῶν αἰτίων τῆς ἀποστάσεως μόνων·
And when it was necessary for each to express his opinion, Lucius Cornelius said that those who had gathered on the Aventine ought to depart that very day to their own camps, and perform the orders of the generals, being subject to no prosecution for what had occurred, except only the authors of the revolt; and that the generals should inflict punishment on these.
§11.44.5τούτοις δὲ προσθεῖναι δίκας τοὺς στρατηγούς. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ποιῶσι ταῦτα, βουλεύειν περὶ αὐτῶν τὸ συνέδριον ὡς ἐκλελοιπότων τὴν τάξιν, ἐφʼ ἣν ἐτάχθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἡγεμόνων, καὶ περὶ τὸν στρατιωτικὸν ἠσεβηκότων ὅρκον.
If they did not do this, the senate should deliberate concerning them as having deserted the post to which they had been assigned by their commanders, and as having committed impiety against the military oath.
Λεύκιος δὲ Οὐαλέριος %2 %2 %2 %2 %2 %2 ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ τῶν Ῥωμαϊκῶν νόμων, οὓς ἐν ταῖς δώδεκα δέλτοις ἀναγεγραμμένους εὕρομεν, οὔτε μηδένα ποιήσασθαι λόγον ἥρμοττεν, οὕτω σεμνῶν ὄντων καὶ τοσαύτην ἐχόντων διαφορὰν παρὰ τὰς Ἑλληνικὰς νομοθεσίας, οὔτε περαιτέρω τοῦ δέοντος προβαίνειν ἐκμηκύναντας τὴν περὶ αὐτῶν ἱστορίαν.
But Lucius Valerius... But concerning the Roman laws, which we find recorded on the twelve tables, it was neither fitting to make no mention of them, since they are so solemn and have so great a difference from the Greek legislations, nor to proceed beyond what is necessary by lengthening the history concerning them.

Notes

  1. 2270ὡς οἰκείων ὄντων — A genitive absolute construction introduced by the conjunction `ὡς`, expressing the subjective reason of the main subject ("believing that..."). The logical subject of the genitive is `τῶν ἐν Ἀλγιδῷ πέντε ταγμάτων` (the five legions at Algidus).
  2. p.v.4p.188συγγινώσκων ἑαυτῷ ... αἰτίῳ γεγονότι — The verb `συγγινώσκω` ("to be conscious of guilt, to be aware") is followed by the reflexive dative `ἑαυτῷ`, with which the dative participle `γεγονότι` agrees. The genitive `τῆς παρούσης ταραχῆς αἰτίῳ` specifies that of which he was conscious (being the cause of the present tumult).
  3. 2272ἀπεῖναι — The form `ἀπεῖναι` ("to be absent") transmitted in the manuscripts is commonly interpreted as a scribal error for `ἀπιέναι` ("to depart, return"), because of the following prepositional phrase of direction `ἐπὶ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν χάρακας` ("to their own camps").
  4. 2273ἥρμοττεν — Used as an impersonal verb governing two accusative-and-infinitive clauses, `οὔτε μηδένα ποιήσασθαι λόγον` and `οὔτε περαιτέρω τοῦ δέοντος προβαίνειν`, which function as its subjects. The combination `οὔτε μηδένα` is a double negative that reinforces the negation.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §11.44.1-11.44.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.44.1-11.44.5

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