§10.53.1ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ὀγδοηκοστῆς καὶ δευτέρας ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Λύκος Θεσσαλὸς ἀπὸ Λαρίσης, ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησι Χαιρεφάνους, ἐτῶν τριακοσίων ἐκπεπληρωμένων ἀπὸ τοῦ Ῥώμης συνοικισμοῦ, Ποπλίου Ὁρατίου καὶ Σέξτου Κοιντιλίου διαδεδεγμένων τὴν ὕπατον ἀρχήν, λοιμικὴ νόσος εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην κατέσκηψε μεγίστη τῶν ἐκ τοῦ προτέρου χρόνου μνημονευομένων· ὑφʼ ἧς οἱ μὲν θεράποντες ὀλίγου ἐδέησαν πάντες ἀπολέσθαι, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων πολιτῶν ἀμφὶ τοὺς ἡμίσεις μάλιστα διεφθάρησαν, οὔτε τῶν ἰατρῶν ἀρκούντων ἔτι βοηθεῖν τοῖς καμάτοις, §10.53.2οὔτε οἰκείων ἢ φίλων τἀναγκαῖα ὑπηρετούντων.
During the eighty-second Olympiad (which Lycus, a Thessalian from Larissa, won in the stadium race), when Chaerephanes was archon at Athens, three hundred years having been completed since the founding of Rome, Publius Horatius and Sextus Quintilius having succeeded to the consular power, a pestilence fell upon Rome, the greatest of those remembered from former times; by which the servants almost all perished, and of the other citizens about half were carried off, neither the physicians being any longer able to cope with the sufferers, nor relatives or friends performing the necessary offices.
οἱ γὰρ ἐπικουρεῖν ταῖς ἑτέρων βουλόμενοι συμφοραῖς ἁπτόμενοί τε καματηρῶν σωμάτων καὶ συνδιαιτώμενοι τὰς αὐτὰς ἐκείνοις νόσους μετελάμβανον, ὥστε πολλὰς οἰκίας ἐξερημωθῆναι διʼ ἀπορίαν τῶν ἐπιμελησομένων.
For those who wished to succor the misfortunes of others, by touching the diseased bodies and living with them, contracted the same diseases as they, so that many houses were left desolate for want of anyone to care for them.
ἦν τε οὐκ ἐλάχιστον τῶν κακῶν τῇ πόλει καὶ τοῦ μὴ ταχέως λωφῆσαι τὴν νόσον αἴτιον τὸ περὶ τὰς ἐκβολὰς τῶν νεκρῶν γινόμενον.
And not the least of the evils for the city, and the cause of the disease not quickly abating, was that which happened concerning the disposal of the dead.
§10.53.3κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν γὰρ ὑπό τε αἰσχύνης καὶ εὐπορίας τῶν πρὸς τὰς ταφὰς ἐπιτηδείων ἔκαιόν τε καὶ γῇ παρεδίδοσαν τοὺς νεκρούς, τελευτῶντες δὲ οἱ μὲν ἀπʼ ὀλιγωρίας τοῦ καλοῦ, οἱ δὲ τἀπιτήδεια οὐκ ἔχοντες πολλοὺς μὲν ἐν τοῖς ὑπονόμοις τῶν στενωπῶν φέροντες ἐρρίπτουν τῶν ἀπογενομένων, πολλῷ δʼ ἔτι πλείους εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν ἐνέβαλλον· ἀφʼ ὧν τὰ μέγιστα ἐκακοῦντο πρὸς τὰς ἀκτὰς καὶ τὰς ἠϊόνας.
For at first, out of shame and because of the abundance of things necessary for burials, they burned the dead and committed them to the earth; but at last, some from disregard of decency, and others from not having the necessaries, carried and threw many of the deceased into the sewers of the narrow streets, and cast far more still into the river; from which the greatest evils were suffered near the banks and shores.
§10.53.4ἐκκυμαινομένων γὰρ τῶν σωμάτων βαρεῖα καὶ δυσώδης προσπίπτουσα καὶ τοῖς ἔτι ἐρρωμένοις ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος ἀποφορὰ ταχείας ἔφερε τοῖς σώμασι τὰς τροπάς, πίνεσθαί τε οὐκέτι χρηστὸν ἦν τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ποταμοῦ κομισθὲν ὕδωρ, τὰ μὲν ἀτοπίᾳ τῆς ὀσμῆς, τὰ δὲ τῷ πονηρὰς τὰς ἀναδόσεις ποιεῖν τῆς τροφῆς.
For as the bodies washed ashore, the heavy and fetid exhalation, reaching even those who were still healthy, brought rapid changes to their bodies, and the water brought from the river was no longer wholesome to drink, partly because of the strangeness of the smell, and partly because it caused unwholesome distributions of nourishment.
§10.53.5καὶ οὐ μόνον ἐν τῇ πόλει τὰ δεινὰ ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρῶν· καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ὁ γεωργὸς ἐπόνησεν ὄχλος ἀναπιμπλάμενος, καὶ προβάτων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τετραπόδων ἅμα διαιτωμένων, τῆς νόσου.
And not only in the city were these dreadful things, but also in the countryside; and not least did the farming crowd suffer, being infected with the disease, as they lived together with sheep and other quadrupeds.
ὅσον μὲν οὖν χρόνον τοῖς πολλοῖς ἐλπίδος τι ὑπῆν ὡς τοῦ θεοῦ σφίσιν ἐπικουρήσοντος, ἅπαντες ἐπί τε θυσίας καὶ καθαρμοὺς ἐτράποντο· καὶ πολλὰ ἐνεωτερίσθη Ῥωμαίοις οὐκ ὄντα ἐν ἔθει περὶ τὰς τιμὰς τῶν θεῶν ἐπιτηδεύματα οὐκ εὐπρεπῆ.
As long, therefore, as the multitude had some hope that the deity would help them, they all turned to sacrifices and purifications; and many unseemly practices, not customary with the Romans, were introduced regarding the honors of the gods.
§10.53.6ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐπέγνωσαν οὐδεμίαν αὐτῶν ἐπιστροφὴν ἐκ τοῦ δαιμονίου γινομένην οὐδʼ ἔλεον, καὶ τῆς περὶ τὰ θεῖα λειτουργίας ἀπέστησαν.
But when they perceived that no regard or pity was shown to them by the deity, they even desisted from the service of the gods.
ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ συμφορᾷ τῶν τε ὑπάτων ἅτερος ἀποθνήσκει, Σέξτος Κοιντίλιος, καὶ ὁ μετὰ τοῦτον ἀποδειχθεὶς ὕπατος Σπόριος Φούριος, καὶ τῶν δημάρχων τέτταρες, §10.53.7τῶν τε βουλευτῶν πολλοὶ καὶ ἀγαθοί.
In this calamity, one of the consuls died, Sextus Quintilius, and Spurius Furius, who was appointed consul after him, and four of the tribunes, and many excellent senators.
ἐπεβάλοντο μὲν οὖν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ τῆς πόλεως οὔσης στρατὸν ἐξάγειν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς Αἰκανοὶ καὶ διεπρεσβεύοντο πρὸς τἆλλα ἔθνη, ὅσα Ῥωμαίοις πολέμια ἦν, παρακαλοῦντες ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον.
The Aequians, therefore, when the city was in the grip of the disease, undertook to lead an army against them, and sent embassies to the other nations that were hostile to the Romans, inviting them to the war.
οὐ μὴν ἔφθασάν γε προαγαγεῖν τὴν δύναμιν ἐκ τῶν πόλεων. ἔτι γὰρ αὐτῶν παρασκευαζομένων ἡ αὐτὴ νόσος κατέσκηψεν εἰς τὰς πόλεις.
They did not, however, succeed in leading their forces out of their cities; for while they were still preparing, the same disease fell upon their cities.
§10.53.8διῆλθε δʼ οὐ μόνον τὴν Αἰκανῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν Οὐολούσκων καὶ τὴν Σαβίνων γῆν, καὶ σφόδρα ἐκάκωσε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.
And it went not only through the land of the Aequians, but also through that of the Volscians and the Sabines, and severely afflicted the people.
ἐκ δὲ τούτου συνέβη καὶ τὴν χώραν ἀγεώργητον ἀφεθεῖσαν λιμὸν ἐπὶ τῷ λοιμῷ συνάψαι.
As a result, it happened that the land, being left uncultivated, added famine to the pestilence.
ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ τούτων τῶν ὑπάτων οὐδὲν ἐπράχθη Ῥωμαίοις διὰ τὰς νόσους οὔτε πολεμικὸν οὔτε πολιτικὸν εἰς ἱστορίας ἀφήγησιν ἐλθεῖν ἄξιον.
During the term of these consuls, therefore, because of the diseases, nothing was done by the Romans, either in war or in civil affairs, that is worthy of historical narrative.