§1.2.1τὴν μὲν οὖν ὑπόθεσιν ὅτι καλὴν εἴληφα καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῆ καὶ πολλοῖς ὠφέλιμον οὐ μακρῶν οἶμαι δεήσειν λόγων τοῖς γε δὴ μὴ παντάπασιν ἀπείρως ἔχουσι τῆς κοινῆς ἱστορίας.
Therefore, that I have chosen a noble, magnificent, and highly useful subject, I think will not require long words, at least for those who are not altogether inexperienced in general history.
εἰ γάρ τις ἐπιστήσας τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπὶ τὰς παραδεδομένας ἐκ τοῦ παρεληλυθότος χρόνου πόλεών τε καὶ ἐθνῶν ἡγεμονίας, ἔπειτα χωρὶς ἑκάστην σκοπῶν καὶ παρʼ ἀλλήλας ἐξετάζων διαγνῶναι βουληθείη, τίς αὐτῶν ἀρχήν τε μεγίστην ἐκτήσατο καὶ πράξεις ἀπεδείξατο λαμπροτάτας ἐν εἰρήνῃ τε καὶ κατὰ πολέμους, μακρῷ δή τινι τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίαν ἁπάσας ὑπερβεβλημένην ὄψεται τὰς πρὸ αὐτῆς μνημονευομένας, οὐ μόνον κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ κατὰ τὸ κάλλος τῶν πράξεων, ἃς οὔπω κεκόσμηκε λόγος οὐδεὶς ἀξίως, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὸ μῆκος τοῦ περιειληφότος αὐτὴν χρόνου μέχρι τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἡλικίας.
For if anyone, having turned their mind to the hegemonies of cities and nations handed down from past times, should then wish to examine each one individually and compare them with one another to discern which of them acquired the greatest empire and displayed the most brilliant exploits both in peace and in war, they will see that the Roman hegemony has far surpassed all those mentioned before it, not only in the magnitude of its empire and the beauty of its achievements, which no discourse has yet worthily adorned, but also in the length of time that has encompassed it down to our own age.
§1.2.2ἡ μὲν γὰρ Ἀσσυρίων ἀρχὴ παλαιά τις οὖσα καὶ εἰς τοὺς μυθικοὺς ἀναγομένη χρόνους ὀλίγου τινὸς ἐκράτησε τῆς Ἀσίας μέρους.
For the empire of the Assyrians, being ancient and reaching back into mythical times, ruled over only some small part of Asia.
ἡ δὲ Μηδικὴ καθελοῦσα τὴν Ἀσσυρίων καὶ μείζονα δυναστείαν περιβαλομένη χρόνον οὐ πολὺν κατέσχεν, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τῆς τετάρτης κατελύθη γενεᾶς.
That of the Medes, having overthrown the Assyrian and acquired a greater dominion, held it for no long time, but was destroyed in the fourth generation.
Πέρσαι δὲ οἱ Μήδους καταγωνισάμενοι τῆς μὲν Ἀσίας ὀλίγου δεῖν πάσης τελευτῶντες ἐκράτησαν, ἐπιχειρήσαντες δὲ καὶ τοῖς Εὐρωπαίοις ἔθνεσιν οὐ πολλὰ ὑπηγάγοντο, χρόνον τε οὐ πολλῷ πλείονα διακοσίων ἐτῶν ἔμειναν ἐπὶ §1.2.3τῆς ἀρχῆς.
The Persians, having conquered the Medes, finally ruled over almost all of Asia, but though they also made attempts upon the European nations they did not subdue many, and they remained in power for a time not much longer than two hundred years.
ἡ δὲ Μακεδονικὴ δυναστεία τὴν Περσῶν καθελοῦσα ἰσχὺν μεγέθει μὲν ἀρχῆς ἁπάσας ὑπερεβάλετο τὰς πρὸ αὐτῆς, χρόνον δὲ οὐδὲ αὕτη πολὺν ἤνθησεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου τελευτὴν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον ἤρξατο φέρεσθαι.
The Macedonian dominion, having overthrown the power of the Persians, surpassed all those before it in the size of its empire, yet it did not flourish for a long time either, but after the death of Alexander began to drift toward the worse.
διασπασθεῖσα γὰρ εἰς πολλοὺς ἡγεμόνας εὐθὺς ἀπὸ τῶν διαδόχων καὶ μετʼ ἐκείνους ἄχρι τῆς δευτέρας ἢ τρίτης ἰσχύσασα προελθεῖν γενεᾶς, ἀσθενὴς αὐτὴ διʼ ἑαυτῆς ἐγένετο καὶ τελευτῶσα ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἠφανίσθη.
For having been split into many rulers immediately starting from the successors, and having had the strength to proceed after them down to the second or third generation, it became weak in and of itself and was finally wiped out by the Romans.
§1.2.4καὶ οὐδὲ αὕτη μέντοι πᾶσαν ἐποιήσατο γῆν τε καὶ θάλασσαν ὑπήκοον· οὔτε γὰρ Λιβύης ὅτι μὴ τῆς πρὸς Αἰγύπτῳ οὐ πολλῆς οὔσης ἐκράτησεν, οὔτε τὴν Εὐρώπην ὅλην ὑπηγάγετο, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν βορείων αὐτῆς μερῶν μέχρι Θρᾴκης προῆλθε, τῶν δʼ ἑσπερίων μέχρι τῆς Ἀδριανῆς κατέβη θαλάσσης.
And indeed, not even this one made all land and sea subject to itself; for it did not rule over Libya, except for that small part next to Egypt, nor did it subdue the whole of Europe, but advanced in its northern parts as far as Thrace, and in its western parts went down as far as the Adriatic Sea.