§19## ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ ΚΡΟΝΙΚΑΙ
## 1. ΕΓΩ ΚΡΟΝΩΙ ΧΑΙΡΕΙΝ
Ἐγεγράφειν μὲν ἤδη σοι καὶ πρότερον δηλῶν ἐν οἷς εἴην καὶ ὡς ὑπὸ πενίας κινδυνεύοιμι μόνος ἄμοιρος εἶναι τῆς ἑορτῆς, ἣν ἐπήγγελκας, ἔτι καὶ τοῦτο προσθεὶς—μέμνημαι γάρ—ἀλογώτατον εἶναι τοὺς μὲν ἡμῶν ὑπερπλουτεῖν καὶ τρυφᾶν οὐ κοινωνοῦντας ὧν ἔχουσι τοῖς πενεστέροις, τοὺς δὲ λιμῷ διαφθείρεσθαι, καὶ ταῦτα Κρονίων ἐνεστώτων.
## SATURNALIAN LETTERS ## 1. I TO CRONUS, GREETING I had already written to you before, showing in what state I was, and how, because of poverty, I risked being the only one without a share in the festival which you proclaimed, adding also this—for I remember—that it was most unreasonable that some of us should be extremely rich and luxurious, not sharing what they have with the poorer, while others perish by hunger, and that too when the Saturnalia are at hand.
ἐπεὶ δέ μοι τότε οὐδὲν ἀντεπέστειλας, ἡγησάμην δεῖν αὖθις ἀναμνῆσαί σε τῶν αὐτῶν.
But since you then sent me no reply, I thought I must remind you again of the same things.
ἐχρῆν γάρ σε, ὦ ἄριστε Κρόνε, τὸ ἄνισον τοῦτο ἀφελόντα καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐς τὸ μέσον ἅπασι καταθέντα ἔπειτα κελεύειν ἑορτάζειν.
For you ought, O best Cronus, to have removed this inequality and, having placed the good things in common for all, then to have ordered them to keep the festival.
ὡς δὲ νῦν ἔχομεν, μύρμηξ ἢ κάμηλος, ὡς ἡ παροιμία φησί.
But as we are now, it is "an ant or a camel," as the proverb says.
μᾶλλον δὲ τραγικὸν ὑποκριτὴν ἐννόησον θατέρῳ μὲν τοῖν ποδοῖν ἐφ’ ὑψηλοῦ βεβηκότα, οἷοί εἰσι τραγικοὶ ἐμβάται, ὁ δ’ ἕτερος ἀνυπόδητος ἔστω.
Or rather, consider a tragic actor standing on a high position with one of his feet, such as the tragic boots are, while the other foot is unshod.
εἰ τοίνυν βαδίζοι οὕτως ἔχων, ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἀναγκαῖον αὐτῷ ἄρτι μὲν ὑψηλῷ, ἄρτι δὲ ταπεινῷ γενέσθαι, καθ’ ὁπότερον ἂν πόδα προβαίνῃ.
If then he should walk in this condition, you see that it is necessary for him to become now high, now low, according to whichever foot he steps forward.
τοσοῦτον κἀν τῷ βίῳ ἡμῶν τὸ ἄνισον· καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑποδησάμενοι ἐμβάτας τῆς τύχης χορηγούσης ἐντραγῳδοῦσιν ἡμῖν, οἱ πολλοὶ δὲ πεζῇ καὶ χαμαὶ βαδίζομεν δυνάμενοι ἄν, εὖ ἴσθι, μὴ χεῖρον αὐτῶν ὑποκρίνεσθαι καὶ διαβαίνειν, εἴ τις καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐνεσκεύασε παραπλησίως ἐκείνοις.
Such is the inequality in our life as well; and those who have put on the boots, with Fortune supplying the cost, play the tragedy against us, while the majority of us walk on foot and on the ground, though we would be able, know well, to act and stride no worse than they, if someone had equipped us similarly to them.
§20Καίτοι ἀκούω τῶν ποιητῶν λεγόντων ὡς τὸ παλαιὸν οὐ τοιαῦτα ἦν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὰ πράγματα σοῦ ἔτι μοναρχοῦντος, ἀλλ’ ἡ μὲν γῆ ἄσπορος καὶ ἀνήροτος ἔφυεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἀγαθά, δεῖπνον ἕτοιμον ἑκάστῳ ἐς κόρον, ποταμοὶ δὲ οἱ μὲν οἶνον, οἱ δὲ γάλα, εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ καὶ μέλι ἔρρεον.
And yet I hear the poets saying that in the old days matters were not so for men while you were still ruling, but the earth, unsown and untilled, produced good things for them, a dinner ready for each to satiety, and rivers flowed, some with wine, some with milk, and some even with honey.
τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, αὐτοὺς ἐκείνους φασὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους χρυσοῦς εἶναι, πενίαν δὲ μηδὲ τὸ παράπαν αὐτοῖς πλησιάζειν.
And greatest of all, they say that those men themselves were of gold, and that poverty did not approach them at all.
ἡμεῖς δὲ αὐτοὶ μὲν οὐδὲ μόλυβδος ἂν εἰκότως δοκοίημεν, ἀλλ’ εἴ τι καὶ τούτου ἀτιμότερον, ἡ τροφὴ δὲ μετὰ πόνων τοῖς πλείστοις, ἡ πενία δὲ καὶ ἀπορία καὶ ἀμηχανία καὶ τὸ οἴμοι καὶ τὸ πόθεν ἄν μοι γένοιτο καὶ ὢ τῆς τύχης πολλὰ τοιαῦτα παρὰ γοῦν ἡμῖν τοῖς πένησι.
But we ourselves would reasonably seem not even of lead, but if there is anything even cheaper than this, and food comes with labor to most of us, and poverty and distress and helplessness and "alas!" and "how might I get it?" and "oh, what fortune!" and many such things are present at least among us, the poor.
Καὶ ἧττον ἄν, εὖ ἴσθι, ἠνιώμεθα ἂν ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς, εἰ μὴ τοὺς πλουσίους ἑωρῶμεν τοσαύτῃ εὐδαιμονίᾳ συνόντας, οἳ τοσοῦτον μὲν χρυσόν, τοσοῦτον δὲ ἄργυρον ἐγκλεισάμενοι, ἐσθῆτας δὲ ὅσας ἔχοντες, ἀνδράποδα δὲ καὶ ζεύγη καὶ συνοικίας καὶ ἀγρούς, πάμπολλα δὲ ταῦτα ἕκαστα κεκτημένοι οὐχ ὅπως μετέδοσαν ἡμῖν ποτε αὐτῶν, ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ προσβλέπειν τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀξιοῦσι.
And we would be less vexed at them, know well, if we did not see the rich living in such great happiness, who, having shut up so much gold and so much silver, and possessing so many garments, and owning slaves and teams of beasts and lodging-houses and fields, and having acquired each of these in vast numbers, far from ever sharing them with us, do not even deign to look at the majority of us.
§21ταῦτα ἡμᾶς μάλιστα ἀποπνίγει, ὦ Κρόνε, καὶ ἀφόρητον ἡγούμεθα τὸ πρᾶγμα, τὸν μὲν ἐφ’ ἁλουργίδων κατακείμενον τοσούτοις ἀγαθοῖς ἐντρυφᾶν ἐρυγγάνοντα καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων εὐδαιμονιζόμενον ἀεὶ ἑορτάζοντα, ἐμὲ δὲ καὶ τοὺς ὁμοίους ὀνειροπολεῖν, εἴ ποθεν ὀβολοὶ τέσσαρες γένοιντο, ὡς ἔχοιμεν ἄρτων γοῦν ἢ ἀλφίτων ἐμπεπλησμένοι καθεύδειν κάρδαμον ἢ θύμον ἢ κρόμμυον ἐπιτρώγοντες.
These things especially suffocate us, O Cronus, and we consider the matter intolerable: that one man, reclining on purple cloths, should revel in so many good things, belching and being called happy by his companions, always keeping festival, while I and those like me dream of where four obols might come from, so that we might sleep filled at least with bread or barley-meal, eating in addition cardamom or thyme or an onion.
ἢ τοίνυν ταῦτα, ὦ Κρόνε, ἀλλάττειν καὶ μεταποιεῖν ἐς τὸ ἰσοδίαιτον, ἢ τὸ ὕστατον, αὐτούς γε ἐκείνους κελεύειν τοὺς πλουσίους μὴ μόνους ἀπολαύειν τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ μεδίμνων τοσούτων χρυσίου χοίνικά γε ἡμῶν πάντων κατασκεδάσαι, ἀπὸ δὲ ἱματίων ὅσα κἂν ὑπὸ σητῶν διαβρωθέντα οὐκ ἂν αὐτοὺς ἀνιάσειε· ταῦτα γοῦν πάντως ἀπολλύμενα καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου διαφθαρησόμενα ἡμῖν δοῦναι περιβαλέσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ ἐν ταῖς κοίταις καὶ κίσταις εὐρῶτι πολλῷ κατασαπῆναι.
Therefore, O Cronus, either change these things and remold them into an equality of life, or at last, command those rich men themselves not to enjoy the good things alone, but from so many bushels of gold to scatter at least a quart for each of us, and from their garments as many as, even if eaten by moths, would not vex them; at least to give us to put on these things which are in any case perishing and will be destroyed by time, rather than let them rot in their beds and chests with much mold.