§21Λυκῖνος
οὐ μόνον δὲ τοῦτο ἑκατέρου αὐτῶν γνώρισμά ἐστιν, τὸ τοὺς μὲν κόλακας οὐκ ὀκνεῖν καὶ ψεύδεσθαι τοῦ χαρίσασθαι ἕνεκα τοῖς ἐπαινουμένοις, ἐξαίρειν δὲ τοὺς ἐπαινοῦντας τὰ ὑπάρχοντα πειρᾶσθαι· ἀλλὰ κἀκείνῳ οὐ μικρῷ διαλλάττουσιν, ὅτι οἱ μὲν κόλακες, ἐφʼ ὅσον οἷόν τε αὐτοῖς, χρῶνται ταῖς ὑπερβολαῖς, οἱ ἐπαινοῦντες δὲ καὶ ἐν αὐταῖς ταύταις σωφρονοῦσιν καὶ ἐντὸς τῶν ὅρων μένουσιν.
Lycinus And this is not the only mark of each of them, that flatterers do not hesitate to lie for the sake of gratifying those who are praised, while those who praise attempt to elevate existing qualities; but they also differ in no small degree in that point, namely that flatterers use exaggerations as much as possible for them, whereas those who praise remain moderate and stay within bounds even in these very exaggerations.
ταῦτά σοι ἀπὸ πολλῶν ὀλίγα κολακείας καὶ ἐπαίνου ἀληθοῦς δείγματα, ὡς μὴ πάντας ὑποπτεύσῃς τοὺς ἐπαινοῦντας, ἀλλὰ διακρίνῃς καὶ παραμετρῇς τῷ οἰκείῳ μέτρῳ ἑκάτερον.
These are a few examples for you out of many concerning flattery and true praise, so that you may not suspect all who praise, but may distinguish and measure each by its own proper measure.
§22Λυκῖνος
φέρʼ οὖν, εἰ δοκεῖ, πρόσαγε τοῖς ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ εἰρημένοις τοὺς κανόνας ἀμφοτέρους, ὡς μάθῃς εἴτε τούτῳ εἴτʼ ἐκείνῳ ἐοίκασιν.
Lycinus Come then, if you agree, apply both rules to what has been said by me, so that you may learn whether they resemble this one or that one.
ἐγὼ γὰρ εἰ μέν τινα ἄμορφον οὖσαν ἔφην τῷ ἐν Κνίδῳ ἀγάλματι ὁμοίαν, γόης ἂν καὶ τοῦ Κυναίθου κολακικώτερος ὄντως νομιζοίμην· εἰ δὲ τοιαύτην ὑπάρχουσαν οἵαν πάντες ἴσασιν, οὐ πάνυ ἐκ πολλοῦ διαστήματος ἦν τὸ τόλμημα.
For if I had said that a woman who is ugly is like the statue in Cnidus, I would indeed be considered a cheat and more flattering than Cynaethus; but if she is such as everyone knows her to be, the boldness was not from a very great distance.
§23Λυκῖνος
τάχʼ ἂν οὖν φαίης, μᾶλλον δὲ ἤδη εἴρηκας,
ἐπαινεῖν μέν σοι εἰς τὸ κάλλος ἐφείσθω· ἀνεπίφθονον μέντοι ποιήσασθαι τὸν ἔπαινον ἐχρῆν, ἀλλὰ μὴ θεαῖς ἀπεικάζειν ἄνθρωπον οὖσαν. ἐγὼ δὲ — ἤδη γάρ με προάξεται τἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν — οὐ θεαῖς σε, ὦ βελτίστη, εἴκασα, τεχνιτῶν δὲ ἀγαθῶν δημιουργήμασιν λίθου καὶ χαλκοῦ ἢ ἐλέφαντος πεποιημένοις· τὰ δὲ ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων γεγενημένα οὐκ ἀσεβές, οἶμαι, ἀνθρώποις εἰκάζειν.
Lycinus Perhaps then you would say, or rather you have already said: "Let praising her beauty be permitted to you; however, you ought to have made the praise inoffensive, and not to compare a human being to goddesses." But I—for the truth will now prompt me to speak—did not compare you, my excellent lady, to goddesses, but to the creations of good craftsmen made of stone, bronze, or ivory; and it is not impious, I think, to compare human beings to things made by humans.
ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ σὺ τοῦτο εἶναι τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν ὑπείληφας τὸ ὑπὸ Φειδίου πεπλασμένον ἢ τοῦτο τὴν οὐρανίαν Ἀφροδίτην ὃ ἐποίησεν Πραξιτέλης ἐν Κνίδῳ οὐ πάνυ πολλῶν ἐτῶν.
Unless you have assumed that the thing molded by Phidias is Athena, or that the thing Praxiteles made in Cnidus not very many years ago is Heavenly Aphrodite.
ἀλλʼ ὅρα μὴ ἄσεμνον ᾖ τὰ τοιαῦτα περὶ τῶν θεῶν δοξάζειν, ὧν τάς γε ἀληθεῖς εἰκόνας ἀνεφίκτους εἶναι ἀνθρωπίνῃ μιμήσει ἔγωγε ὑπολαμβάνω.
But see to it that it is not irreverent to hold such opinions about the gods, whose true images, I at least believe, are unattainable by human imitation.
§24Λυκῖνος
εἰ δὲ καὶ ὅτι μάλιστά σε αὐταῖς ἐκείναις εἴκασα, οὐκ ἐμὸν τοῦτο, οὐδὲ ἐγὼ πρῶτος ταύτην ἐτεμόμην τὴν ὁδόν, ἀλλὰ πολλοὶ καὶ ἀγαθοὶ ποιηταί, καὶ μάλιστα ὁ πολίτης ὁ σὸς Ὅμηρος, ὃν καὶ νῦν ἀναβιβάσομαι συναγορεύσοντά μοι, ἢ οὐδεμία μηχανὴ μὴ οὐχὶ καὶ αὐτὸν σὺν ἐμοὶ ἁλῶναι.
Lycinus But even if I compared you as much as possible to those very goddesses, this is not my doing, nor was I the first to cut this path, but many and good poets did, and especially your fellow citizen Homer, whom I will now bring forward to speak for me, or else there is no device that he also with me should not be convicted.
ἐρήσομαι τοίνυν αὐτόν, μᾶλλον δὲ σὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ — καὶ γὰρ διαμνημονεύεις εὖ ποιοῦσα τὰ χαριέστατα τῶν ἐρραψῳδημένων αὐτῷ — τί σοι ἐκεῖνος δοκεῖ, ὁπόταν περὶ τῆς αἰχμαλώτου λέγῃ τῆς Βρισηΐδος ὅτι χρυσῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ ἰκέλη ἐπένθει τὸν Πάτροκλον;
I will then ask him, or rather you on his behalf—for you remember well, as you do kindly, the most charming of his recited verses—what does he seem to you, when he says about the captive Briseis that "like golden Aphrodite" she mourned Patroclus?
εἶτα μετὰ μικρόν, ὡς οὐχ ἱκανὸν εἰ μόνῃ τῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ ἐοικυῖα ἔσται,
"εἶπε δʼ ἄρα — φησίν — κλαίουσα γυνὴ εἰκυῖα θεῇσιν. "
ὁπόταν οὖν τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγῃ, μισεῖς κἀκεῖνον καὶ ἀπορρίπτεις τὸ βιβλίον, ἢ δίδως αὐτῷ ἐλευθεριάζειν ἐν τῷ ἐπαίνῳ;
Then after a little, as if it were not sufficient if she is to be like Aphrodite alone, he says: "so she spoke, the woman like the goddesses, weeping." Whenever then he says such things, do you hate him too and throw away his book, or do you allow him to be free in his praise?
ἀλλὰ κἂν σὺ μὴ δῷς, ὅ γε τοσοῦτος αἰὼν δέδωκεν, οὐδʼ ἔστιν ὅστις αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ ᾐτιάσατο, οὐδὲ ὁ μαστίξαι τολμήσας αὐτοῦ τὴν εἰκόνα οὐδʼ ὁ τὰ νόθα ἐπισημηνάμενος τῶν ἐπῶν ἐν τῇ παραγραφῇ τῶν ὀβελῶν.
But even if you do not allow it, so great an age has allowed it, nor is there anyone who blamed him for this, neither the one who dared to whip his image, nor the one who marked the spurious of his verses in the marginal writing of the obels.
εἶτα ἐκείνῳ μὲν ἐφεθήσεται βάρβαρον γυναῖκα, καὶ ταῦτα κλαίουσαν, τῇ χρυσῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ εἰκάσαι, ἐγὼ δʼ, ἵνα μὴ τὸ κάλλος εἴπω, διότι μὴ ἀνέχῃ ἀκούουσα, οὐκ ἂν παραβάλλοιμι θεῶν εἰκόσι γυναῖκα φαιδρὰν καὶ μειδιῶσαν τὰ πολλά, ὅπερ θεοῖς ὅμοιον ἄνθρωποι ἔχουσιν;
Then to him indeed it shall be permitted to compare a barbarian woman, and that too when weeping, to golden Aphrodite, but shall I—not to speak of her beauty, lest you should not tolerate hearing it—not compare to the statues of gods a woman radiant and smiling for the most part, which is what humans have similar to gods?