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Lucian · Anacharsis or Athletics §16-17

Moving to the Shade and Solon's Invitation to Debate

Passage 4 of 12 · Greek

Summary

Anacharsis mocks the contrast between Solon's grand metaphors and the simple prizes, suggesting they move to a shady spot to escape the heat. Solon explains that physical training builds tolerance to the sun and, as they move, invites Anacharsis to freely challenge his laws for the benefit of Athens.

§16Ἀνάχαρσις εἶτα, ὦ θαυμάσιε Σόλων, τοιαῦτά μοι καὶ τηλικαῦτα ἔχων ἆθλα διεξιέναι, μῆλα καὶ σέλινα διηγοῦ καὶ θαλλὸν ἐλαίας ἀγρίας καὶ πίτυν; Σόλων καὶ μήν, ὦ Ἀνάχαρσι, οὐδʼ ἐκεῖνά σοι ἔτι δόξει μικρὰ εἶναι, ὁπόταν ἃ λέγω καταμάθῃς·
Anacharsis: "Then, my wonderful Solon, when you have such great and magnificent prizes to describe to me, did you discourse about apples and celery and wild olive branches and pine?" Solon: "Indeed, Anacharsis, even those will no longer seem small to you when you understand what I am saying.
ἀπὸ γάρ τοι τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης γίγνεται, καὶ μέρη πάντα ταῦτά ἐστι μικρὰ τοῦ μείζονος ἐκείνου ἀγῶνος καὶ τοῦ στεφάνου ὃν κατέλεξα τοῦ πανευδαίμονος.
For they arise from the same purpose, and all these are small parts of that greater contest and of the all-happy crown which I listed.
ὁ δὲ λόγος, οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως ὑπερβὰς τὴν τάξιν, ἐκείνων πρότερον ἐπεμνήσθη τῶν Ἰσθμοῖ γιγνομένων καὶ Ὀλυμπίασι καὶ ἐν Νεμέᾳ.
But our discourse, somehow skipping the proper order, made mention first of those contests held at the Isthmus and at Olympia and in Nemea.
πλὴν ἀλλὰ νώ — σχολὴν γὰρ ἄγομεν καὶ σύ, ὡς φής, προθυμῇ ἀκούειν — ἀναδραμούμεθα ῥᾳδίως πρὸς τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὸν κοινὸν ἀγῶνα διʼ ὅν φημι πάντα ταῦτα ἐπιτηδεύεσθαι. Ἀνάχαρσις ἄμεινον, ὦ Σόλων, οὕτως· καθʼ ὁδὸν γὰρ ἂν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος μᾶλλον προχωροίη, καὶ τάχʼ ἂν ἴσως ἀπὸ τούτων πεισθείην μηδὲ ἐκείνων ἔτι καταγελᾶν, εἴ τινα ἴδοιμι σεμνυνόμενον κοτίνῳ ἢ σελίνῳ ἐστεφανωμένον.
Nevertheless, since we have leisure, and you, as you say, are eager to listen, we shall easily run back to the beginning and to that common contest for the sake of which I say all these things are practiced." Anacharsis: "It is better so, Solon; for in this way our discourse would progress more in order, and perhaps from these things I might be persuaded no longer to laugh even at those men, if I should see someone giving himself airs because he is crowned with wild olive or celery.
ἀλλʼ εἰ δοκεῖ, εἰς τὸ σύσκιον ἐκεῖσε ἀπελθόντες καθίσωμεν ἐπὶ τῶν θάκων, ὡς μὴ ἐνοχλοῖεν ἡμῖν οἱ ἐπικεκραγότες τοῖς παλαίουσιν.
But if it seems good, let us go over to that shady spot and sit down on the benches, so that those who are shouting at the wrestlers may not disturb us.
ἄλλως τε — εἰρήσεται γάρ — οὐδὲ τὸν ἥλιον ἔτι ῥᾳδίως ἀνέχομαι ὀξὺν καὶ φλογμώδη ἐμπίπτοντα γυμνῇ τῇ κεφαλῇ.
And besides—for it shall be spoken—I can no longer easily endure the sun beating sharp and burning upon my bare head.
τὸν γὰρ πῖλόν μοι ἀφελεῖν οἴκοθεν ἔδοξεν, ὡς μὴ μόνος ἐν ὑμῖν ξενίζοιμι τῷ σχήματι.
For I decided to take off my cap from home, so that I might not be the only one among you to look strange in my attire.
ἡ δὲ ὥρα τοῦ ἔτους ὅ τι περ τὸ πυρωδέστατόν ἐστι, τοῦ ἀστέρος ὃν ὑμεῖς κύνα φατὲ πάντα καταφλέγοντος καὶ τὸν ἀέρα ξηρὸν καὶ διακαῆ τιθέντος, ὅ τε ἥλιος κατὰ μεσημβρίαν ἤδη ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς ἐπικείμενος φλογμὸν τοῦτον οὐ φορητὸν ἐπάγει τοῖς σώμασιν.
And the season of the year is indeed the hottest, with the star which you call the Dog burning up everything and making the air dry and parched, and the sun already hanging directly overhead at midday brings this unbearable heat upon our bodies.
ὥστε καὶ σοῦ θαυμάζω, ὅπως γηραιὸς ἤδη ἄνθρωπος οὔτε ἰδίεις πρὸς τὸ θάλπος ὥσπερ ἐγὼ οὔτε ὅλως ἐνοχλουμένῳ ἔοικας, οὐδὲ περιβλέπεις σύσκιόν τι ἔνθα ὑποδύσῃ, ἀλλὰ δέχῃ τὸν ἥλιον εὐμαρῶς. Σόλων οἱ μάταιοι γὰρ οὗτοι πόνοι, ὦ Ἀνάχαρσι, καὶ αἱ συνεχεῖς ἐν τῷ πηλῷ κυβιστήσεις καὶ αἱ ὕπαιθροι ἐν τῇ ψάμμῳ ταλαιπωρίαι τοῦτο ἡμῖν τὸ ἀμυντήριον παρέχουσι πρὸς τὰς τοῦ ἡλίου βολάς, καὶ οὐκέτι πίλου δεόμεθα ὃς τὴν ἀκτῖνα κωλύσει καθικνεῖσθαι τῆς κεφαλῆς. §17Σόλων ἀπίωμεν δʼ οὖν.
So that I even wonder at you, how a man already old neither sweats at the heat as I do, nor seems to be bothered at all, nor looks around for some shady spot where you might slip under, but receive the sun easily." Solon: "For these seemingly useless toils, Anacharsis, and the continuous rollings in the mud, and the outdoor hardships in the sand provide us with this defense against the rays of the sun, and we no longer need a cap to prevent the beam from reaching our heads." Solon: "Let us go, then.
καὶ ὅπως μὴ καθάπερ νόμοις προσέξεις οἷς ἂν λέγω πρὸς σέ, ὡς ἐξ ἅπαντος πιστεύειν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλʼ ἔνθα ἄν σοι μὴ ὀρθῶς τι λέγεσθαι δοκῇ, ἀντιλέγειν εὐθὺς καὶ διευθύνειν τὸν λόγον.
And mind that you do not attend to what I say to you as if they were laws, so as to believe them in any case, but wherever anything seems to you not to be said correctly, contradict at once and set the discourse straight.
δυοῖν γὰρ θατέρου πάντως οὐκ ἂν ἁμάρτοιμεν, ἢ σὲ βεβαίως πεισθῆναι ἐκχέαντα ὁπόσα οἴει ἀντιλεκτέα εἶναι ἢ ἐμὲ ἀναδιδαχθῆναι ὡς οὐκ ὀρθῶς γιγνώσκω περὶ αὐτῶν.
For we certainly shall not miss one of two things: either you will be firmly persuaded after having poured out whatever you think ought to be contradicted, or I shall be instructed in turn that I do not think correctly about them.
καὶ ἐν τούτῳ πᾶσα ἄν σοι ἡ πόλις ἡ Ἀθηναίων οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι χάριν ὁμολογοῦσα· ὅσα γὰρ ἂν ἐμὲ παιδεύσῃς καὶ μεταπείσῃς πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον, ἐκείνην τὰ μέγιστα ἔσῃ ὠφεληκώς.
And in this, the whole city of the Athenians would not be too quick in acknowledging their gratitude to you; for whatever you teach me and persuade me to change for the better, you will have benefited her in the greatest ways.
οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν ἀποκρυψαίμην αὐτήν, ἀλλʼ εὐθὺς εἰς τὸ μέσον καταθήσω φέρων καὶ καταστὰς ἐν τῇ πνυκὶ ἐρῶ πρὸς ἅπαντας, ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἐγὼ μὲν ὑμῖν ἔγραψα τοὺς νόμους οἵους ᾤμην ὠφελιμωτάτους ἔσεσθαι τῇ πόλει, ὁ δὲ ξένος οὑτοσί — δείξας σέ, ὦ Ἀνάχαρσι — Σκύθης μέν ἐστι, σοφὸς δὲ ὢν μετεπαίδευσέ με καὶ ἄλλα βελτίω μαθήματα καὶ ἐπιτηδεύματα ἐδιδάξατο·
For I would hide nothing from her, but will immediately bring it forward into the midst and, standing in the Pnyx, will say to everyone, 'Men of Athens, I indeed wrote for you the laws which I thought would be most useful to the city, but this stranger here'—pointing to you, Anacharsis—'is a Scythian, but being wise, he re-educated me and taught me other better instructions and practices.
ὥστε εὐεργέτης ὑμῶν ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀναγεγράφθω καὶ χαλκοῦν αὐτὸν ἀναστήσατε παρὰ τοὺς ἐπωνύμους ἢ ἐν πόλει παρὰ τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν. καὶ εὖ ἴσθι ὡς οὐκ αἰσχυνεῖται ἡ Ἀθηναίων πόλις παρὰ βαρβάρου καὶ ξένου τὰ συμφέροντα ἐκμανθάνοντες.
Therefore, let the man be recorded as your benefactor, and set up a bronze statue of him beside the Eponymous Heroes, or on the Acropolis beside Athena.' And be well assured that the city of the Athenians will not be ashamed to learn what is advantageous from a barbarian and stranger."

Notes

  1. 16τοιαῦτά μοι καὶ τηλικαῦτα ἔχων ἆθλα διεξιέναι — Meaning "when you have such great and magnificent prizes to describe to me." The participle ἔχων expresses ability ("being able to").
  2. 16τὸν γὰρ πῖλόν μοι ἀφελεῖν οἴκοθεν ἔδοξεν — Meaning "I decided to take off my cap from home." οἴκοθεν ("from home") here refers to his lodging. ἔδοξεν is impersonal ("it seemed good"), taking μοι as the logical subject of the infinitive ἀφελεῖν.
  3. 17καὶ ὅπως μὴ καθάπερ νόμοις προσέξεις — The construction ὅπως μή with the future indicative (προσέξεις) expresses a strong exhortation or warning ("take care not to...").
  4. 17οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι χάριν ὁμολογοῦσα — The idiom οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι with a participle means "to do something as quickly as possible" or "cannot be too quick in doing." Here, the subject is "the whole city" (πᾶσα ἡ πόλις) and is accompanied by the participle ὁμολογοῦσα.
  5. 17τὰ συμφέροντα ἐκμανθάνοντες — The participle is in the plural masculine (ἐκμανθάνοντες) despite modifying the singular collective noun "the city" (ἡ πόλις). This is a construction according to sense (ad sensum), treating the city as a collective body of citizens.

Cite this passage

Lucian, Anacharsis or Athletics §16-17. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg034.humanitext-grc2:16-17

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