§1καὶ μὴν ἐναντίον ἐστὶν οὗ ἐθέλεις ὃ νῦν ποιεῖς.
Indeed, what you are doing now is the exact opposite of what you want.
οἴει μὲν γὰρ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ αὐτὸς εἶναί τις δόξειν σπουδῇ συνωνούμενος τὰ κάλλιστα τῶν βιβλίων· τὸ δέ σοι περὶ τὰ κάτω χωρεῖ, καὶ ἔλεγχος γίγνεται τῆς ἀπαιδευσίας πως τοῦτο.
For you think that, by eagerly buying up the most beautiful books, you yourself will also be thought to be someone of culture; but for you, the matter goes downhill, and this somehow becomes a proof of your lack of culture.
μάλιστα δὲ οὐδὲ τὰ κάλλιστα ὠνῇ, ἀλλὰ πιστεύεις τοῖς ὡς ἔτυχεν ἐπαινοῦσι καὶ ἕρμαιον εἶ τῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐπιψευδομένων τοῖς βιβλίοις καὶ θησαυρὸς ἕτοιμος τοῖς καπήλοις αὐτῶν.
Above all, you do not even buy the most beautiful ones, but you trust those who praise them at random, and you are a windfall for those who lie about such books, and a ready treasure for their retailers.
ἢ πόθεν γάρ σοι διαγνῶναι δυνατόν, τίνα μὲν παλαιὰ καὶ πολλοῦ ἄξια, τίνα δὲ φαῦλα καὶ ἄλλως σαπρά, εἰ μὴ τῷ διαβεβρῶσθαι καὶ κατακεκόφθαι αὐτὰ τεκμαίροιο καὶ συμβούλους τοὺς σέας ἐπὶ τὴν ἐξέτασιν παραλαμβάνοις;
Otherwise, how is it possible for you to distinguish which are ancient and worth much, and which are worthless and otherwise rotten, unless you were to judge by their being eaten away and cut to pieces, and were to take the bookworms as your counselors for the examination?
ἐπεὶ τοῦ ἀκριβοῦς ἢ ἀσφαλοῦς ἐν αὐτοῖς τίς ἢ ποία διάγνωσις;
For what or what kind of distinction of the accurate or safe is there among them?
§2ἵνα δέ σοι δῶ αὐτὰ ἐκεῖνα κεκρικέναι, ὅσα ὁ Καλλῖνος εἰς κάλλος ἢ ὁ ἀοίδιμος Ἀττικὸς σὺν ἐπιμελείᾳ τῇ πάσῃ ἔγραψαν, σοὶ τί ὄφελος, ὦ θαυμάσιε, τοῦ κτήματος οὔτε εἰδότι τὸ κάλλος αὐτῶν οὔτε χρησομένῳ ποτὲ οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἢ τυφλὸς ἄν τις ἀπολαύσειε κάλλους παιδικῶν;
Even if I grant you that you have judged those very books—all those that Kallinos wrote for beauty or the celebrated Attikos with all care—what benefit is there to you, my admirable friend, in the possession, since you neither know their beauty nor will ever use them any more than a blind man would enjoy the beauty of his favorites?
σὺ δὲ ἀνεῳγμένοις μὲν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾷς τὰ βιβλία, καὶ νὴ Δία κατακόρως, καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκεις ἔνια πάνυ ἐπιτρέχων, φθάνοντος τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ τὸ στόμα· οὐδέπω δὲ τοῦτό μοι ἱκανόν, ἢν μὴ εἰδῇς τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ κακίαν ἑκάστου τῶν ἐγγεγραμμένων καὶ συνίῃς ὅστις μὲν ὁ νοῦς σύμπασιν, τίς δὲ ἡ τάξις τῶν ὀνομάτων, ὅσα τε πρὸς τὸν ὀρθὸν κανόνα τῷ συγγραφεῖ ἀπηκρίβωται καὶ ὅσα κίβδηλα καὶ νόθα καὶ παρακεκομμένα.
You look at the books with open eyes, and indeed by Zeus, to satiety, and you read some running through them very fast, your eye outrunning your mouth; but this is not yet enough for me, unless you know the virtue and vice of each of the written contents, and understand what the meaning of all is, what the arrangement of the words is, how many things have been precisely finished by the author according to the right rule, and how many are counterfeit, spurious, and debased.
§3τί οὖν;
What then?
φὴς καὶ ταὐτὰ μὴ μαθὼν ἡμῖν εἰδέναι;
Do you say that you know these same things without having learned, just like us?
πόθεν, εἰ μή ποτε παρὰ τῶν Μουσῶν κλῶνα δάφνης καθάπερ ὁ ποιμὴν ἐκεῖνος λαβών;
How so, unless you have received a branch of laurel from the Muses, like that shepherd of old?
Ἑλικῶνα μὲν γάρ, ἵνα διατρίβειν αἱ θεαὶ λέγονται, οὐδὲ ἀκήκοας οἶμαί ποτε, οὐδὲ τὰς αὐτὰς διατριβὰς ἡμῖν ἐν παισὶν ἐποιοῦ· σοὶ καὶ μεμνῆσθαι Μουσῶν ἀνόσιον.
For Helicon, where the goddesses are said to dwell, I think you have not even heard of, nor did you make the same pursuits as we did in childhood; for you, even to remember the Muses is unholy.
ἐκεῖναι γὰρ ποιμένι μὲν οὐκ ἂν ὤκνησαν φανῆναι σκληρῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ δασεῖ καὶ πολὺν τὸν ἥλιον ἐπὶ τῷ σώματι ἐμφαίνοντι, οἵῳ δὲ σοί — καί μοι πρὸς τῆς Λιβανίτιδος ἄφες ἐν τῷ παρόντι τὸ μὴ σύμπαντα σαφῶς εἰπεῖν — οὐδὲ ἐγγὺς γενέσθαι ποτʼ ἂν εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι ἠξίωσαν, ἀλλʼ ἀντὶ τῆς δάφνης μυρρίνῃ ἂν ἢ καὶ μαλάχης φύλλοις μαστιγοῦσαι ἀπήλλαξαν ἂν τῶν τοιούτων, ὡς μὴ μιᾶναι μήτε τὸν Ὀλμειὸν μήτε τὴν τοῦ Ἵππου κρήνην, ἅπερ ἢ ποιμνίοις διψῶσιν ἢ ποιμένων στόμασι καθαροῖς πότιμα.
For they would not have hesitated to appear to a shepherd, a rough and hairy man who showed much sun on his body, but to one such as you—and by the goddess of Lebanon, permit me for the present not to say everything clearly—I know well that they would never have deigned to come even near. Instead of the laurel, they would have beaten you with myrtle or even mallow leaves and driven you away from such places, so that you would not defile either Olmeios or the Spring of the Horse, which are drinkable either for thirsty flocks or for the clean mouths of shepherds.
καίτοι οὐδέ, εἰ καὶ πάνυ ἀναίσχυντος εἶ καὶ ἀνδρεῖος τὰ τοιαῦτα, τολμήσειας ἄν ποτε εἰπεῖν ὡς ἐπαιδεύθης ἢ ἐμέλησέ σοι πώποτε τῆς ἐν χρῷ πρὸς τὰ βιβλία συνουσίας ἢ ὡς διδάσκαλός σοι ὁ δεῖνα ἢ τῷ δεῖνι συνεφοίτας.
And yet, not even if you are utterly shameless and bold in such matters, would you ever dare to say that you were educated, or that the close intimacy with books was ever a care to you, or that so-and-so was your teacher, or that you went to school with so-and-so.
§4ἀλλʼ ἑνὶ τούτῳ μόνῳ πάντα ἐκεῖνα ἀναδραμεῖσθαι νῦν ἐλπίζεις, τῷ κτᾶσθαι πολλὰ βιβλία.
But on this one thing alone you now hope to recover all those things, on possessing many books.
κατὰ δὴ ταῦτα, ἐκεῖνα ἔχε συλλαβὼν τὰ τοῦ Δημοσθένους ὅσα τῇ χειρὶ τῇ αὑτοῦ ὁ ῥήτωρ ἔγραψε, καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θουκυδίδου ὅσα παρὰ τοῦ Δημοσθένους καὶ αὐτὰ ὀκτάκις μεταγεγραμμένα εὑρέθη, καὶ ὅλως ἅπαντα ἐκεῖνα ὅσα ὁ Σύλλας Ἀθήνηθεν εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἐξέπεμψε· τί ἂν πλέον ἐκ τούτου εἰς παιδείαν κτήσαιο, κἂν ὑποβαλόμενος αὐτὰ ἐπικαθεύδῃς ἢ συγκολλήσας καὶ περιβαλόμενος περινοστῇς;
According to this, gather and hold all those works of Demosthenes which the orator wrote with his own hand, and those of Thucydides which were found to have been copied eight times by Demosthenes himself, and in general all those things which Sulla sent from Athens to Italy; what more would you acquire from this for culture, even if you sleep putting them under you, or bind them together and wrap them around you and walk about?
πίθηκος γὰρ ὁ πίθηκος, ἡ παροιμία φησί, κἂν χρύσεα ἔχῃ σύμβολα.
For an ape is an ape, as the proverb says, even if it has golden tokens.
καὶ σὺ τοίνυν βιβλίον μὲν ἔχεις ἐν τῇ χειρὶ καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκεις ἀεί, τῶν δὲ ἀναγιγνωσκομένων οἶσθα οὐδέν, ἀλλʼ ὄνος λύρας ἀκούεις κινῶν τὰ ὦτα.
And you, therefore, have a book in your hand and read always, but of the things read you know nothing, but like an ass listening to a lyre, you only move your ears.
ὡς εἴ γε τὸ κεκτῆσθαι τὰ βιβλία καὶ πεπαιδευμένον ἀπέφαινε τὸν ἔχοντα, πολλοῦ ἂν ὡς ἀληθῶς τὸ κτῆμα ἦν ἄξιον καὶ μόνων ὑμῶν τῶν πλουσίων, εἰ ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ἦν πριάσθαι τοὺς πένητας ἡμᾶς ὑπερβάλλοντας.
For if the possession of books made its owner educated, the possession would indeed be worth much and belong only to you, the rich, if it were possible for you to buy it as if from a market, surpassing us, the poor.
τίς δὲ τοῖς ἐμπόροις καὶ τοῖς βιβλιοκαπήλοις ἤρισεν ἂν περὶ παιδείας τοσαῦτα βιβλία ἔχουσι καὶ πωλοῦσιν, ἀλλʼ εἴ γε διελέγχειν ἐθέλεις, ὄψει μηδʼ ἐκείνους πολύ σου τὰ εἰς παιδείαν ἀμείνους, ἀλλὰ βαρβάρους μὲν τὴν φωνὴν ὥσπερ σύ, ἀξυνέτους δὲ τῇ γνώσει, οἵους εἰκὸς εἶναι τοὺς μηδὲν τῶν καλῶν καὶ αἰσχρῶν καθεωρακότας.
And who would have contended with merchants and booksellers about culture, when they possess and sell so many books? But if you wish to examine them, you will see that they are not much better than you in matters of culture, but are barbarian in speech just like you, and senseless in understanding, as is natural for those who have seen nothing of the beautiful and the shameful.
καίτοι σὺ μὲν δύο ἢ τρία παρʼ αὐτῶν ἐκείνων πριάμενος ἔχεις, οἱ δὲ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν διὰ χειρὸς ἔχουσιν αὐτά.
And yet, you have bought two or three from those very men, but they have them in hand night and day.