§19ἡ δʼ οὖν κολακεία καὶ ἡ διαβολὴ τότε μάλιστα χώραν ἔσχε πρὸς τὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου πάθος συντιθεμένη· καθάπερ γὰρ ἐν πολιορκίᾳ οὐκ ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ καὶ ἀπόκρημνα καὶ ἀσφαλῆ τοῦ τείχους προσίασιν οἱ πολέμιοι, ἀλλʼ ᾗ ἂν ἀφύλακτόν τι μέρος ἢ σαθρὸν αἴσθωνται ἢ ταπεινόν, ἐπὶ τοῦτο πάσῃ δυνάμει χωροῦσιν ὡς ῥᾷστα παρεισδῦναι καὶ ἑλεῖν δυνάμενοι, οὕτω καὶ οἱ διαβάλλοντες ὅ τι ἂν ἀσθενὲς ἴδωσι τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ ὑπόσαθρον καὶ εὐεπίβατον, τούτῳ προσβάλλουσι καὶ προσάγουσι τὰς μηχανάς, καὶ τέλος ἐκπολιορκοῦσι μηδενὸς ἀντιταττομένου μηδὲ τὴν ἔφοδον αἰσθομένου.
Thus flattery and slander then found their greatest scope by adapting themselves to the passion of Alexander; for just as in a siege, the enemy do not approach the high, precipitous, and secure parts of the wall, but wherever they perceive some unguarded, weak, or low part, they advance against this with all their might, believing they can most easily slip in and capture it, so also those who slander, whenever they see any weak, rotten, and easily accessible part of the soul, attack this and bring up their engines against it, and in the end capture it by storm, with no one drawing up against them or even perceiving the assault.
εἶτʼ ἐπειδὰν ἐντὸς ἅπαξ τῶν τειχῶν γένωνται, πυρπολοῦσι πάντα καὶ παίουσι καὶ σφάττουσι καὶ ἐξελαύνουσιν, οἷα εἰκὸς ἁλισκομένης ψυχῆς καὶ ἐξηνδραποδισμένης ἔργα εἶναι.
Then, once they are inside the walls, they set fire to everything, strike, slaughter, and drive out, which are indeed the natural deeds of a captured and enslaved soul.
§20μηχανήματα δὲ αὐτοῖς κατὰ τοῦ ἀκούοντος ἥ τε ἀπάτη καὶ τὸ ψεῦδος καὶ ἡ ἐπιορκία καὶ προσλιπάρησις καὶ ἀναισχυντία καὶ ἄλλα μυρία ῥᾳδιουργήματα.
And their engines against the listener are deception, falsehood, perjury, importunity, shamelessness, and countless other mischievous devices.
ἡ δὲ δὴ μεγίστη πασῶν ἡ κολακεία ἐστί, συγγενής, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀδελφή τις οὖσα τῆς διαβολῆς.
But the greatest of all is flattery, which is kindred to, or rather a sister of, slander.
οὐδεὶς γοῦν οὕτω γεννάδας ἐστὶ καὶ ἀδαμάντινον τεῖχος τῆς ψυχῆς προβεβλημένος, ὃς οὐκ ἂν ἐνδοίη πρὸς τὰς τῆς κολακείας προσβολάς, καὶ ταῦτα ὑπορυττούσης καὶ τοὺς θεμελίους ὑφαιρούσης τῆς διαβολῆς.
No one indeed is so noble and has put forward such an adamantine wall of the soul as not to yield to the assaults of flattery, especially when slander is undermining and taking away the foundations.
§21καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐκτὸς ταῦτα.
And these are the things from without.
ἔνδοθεν δὲ πολλαὶ προδοσίαι συναγωνίζονται τὰς χεῖρας ὀρέγουσαι καὶ τὰς πύλας ἀναπετῶσαι καὶ πάντα τρόπον τῇ ἁλώσει τοῦ ἀκούοντος συμπροθυμούμεναι.
But from within, many treacheries fight on their side, stretching out their hands, throwing open the gates, and in every way eagerly contributing to the capture of the listener.
πρῶτον μὲν τὸ φιλόκαινον, ὃ φύσει πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ὑπάρχει, καὶ τὸ ἁψίκορον, ἔπειτα δὲ τὸ πρὸς τὰ παράδοξα τῶν ἀκουσμάτων ἑπόμενον.
First of all, the love of novelty, which naturally belongs to all men, and fickleness, and next, the tendency to follow unexpected reports.
οὐ γὰρ οἶδʼ ὅπως ἡδόμεθα πάντες λαθρηδὰ καὶ πρὸς τὸ οὖς λεγόμενα καὶ μεστὰ ὑπονοίας ἀκούοντες· οἶδα γοῦν τινας οὕτως ἡδέως γαργαλιζομένους τὰ ὦτα ὑπὸ τῶν διαβολῶν ὥσπερ τοὺς πτεροῖς κνωμένους.
For somehow we all enjoy listening to things said secretly and into the ear, and full of suspicion; at least, I know some who have their ears tickled by slanders as pleasantly as those who are scratched with feathers.
§22ἐπειδὰν τοίνυν ὑπὸ τούτων ἁπάντων συμμαχούμενοι προσπέσωσι, κατὰ κράτος αἱροῦσιν, οἶμαι, καὶ οὐδὲ δυσχερὴς ἡ νίκη γένοιτʼ ἂν μηδενὸς ἀντιπαραταττομένου μηδὲ ἀμυνομένου τὰς προσβολάς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ μὲν ἀκούοντος ἑκόντος ἑαυτὸν ἐνδιδόντος, τοῦ διαβαλλομένου δὲ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν ἀγνοοῦντος· ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν νυκτὶ πόλεως ἁλούσης καθεύδοντες οἱ διαβαλλόμενοι φονεύονται.
Therefore, when they fall upon them, allied by all these forces, they capture them by storm, I think, and the victory would not even be difficult, since no one is drawn up against them or repels the assaults, but the listener willingly surrenders himself, while the slandered person is ignorant of the plot; for just as in a city captured by night, the slandered are slaughtered while sleeping.
§23καὶ τὸ πάντων οἴκτιστον, ὁ μὲν οὐκ εἰδὼς τὰ γεγενημένα προσέρχεται τῷ φίλῳ φαιδρὸς ἅτε μηδὲν ἑαυτῷ φαῦλον συνεπιστάμενος καὶ τὰ συνήθη λέγει καὶ ποιεῖ, παντὶ τρόπῳ ὁ ἄθλιος ἐνηδρευμένος·
And the most pitiable of all is that the one who does not know what has happened approaches his friend with a bright face, since he is conscious of no evil in himself, and says and does his usual things, the wretched man being ambushed in every way.
ὁ δὲ ἢν μὲν ἔχῃ τι γενναῖον καὶ ἐλεύθερον καὶ παρρησιαστικόν, εὐθὺς ἐξέρρηξε τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θυμὸν ἐξέχεε, καὶ τέλος τὴν ἀπολογίαν προσιέμενος ἔγνω μάτην κατὰ τοῦ φίλου παρωξυμμένος.
But the other, if he has something noble, free, and outspoken in his character, immediately breaks out his anger and pours out his wrath, and finally, admitting the defense, realizes that he was provoked against his friend in vain.
§24ἢν δὲ ἀγεννέστερος καὶ ταπεινότερος, προσίεται μὲν καὶ προσμειδιᾷ τοῖς χείλεσιν ἄκροις, μισεῖ δὲ καὶ λάθρᾳ τοὺς ὀδόντας διαπρίει καί, ὡς ὁ ποιητής φησι, βυσσοδομεύει τὴν ὀργήν.
But if he is more ignoble and base, he admits him and smiles with the edge of his lips, but hates him and secretly gnashes his teeth, and, as the poet says, nurses his anger in the depths of his heart.
οὗ δὴ ἐγὼ οὐδὲν οἶμαι ἀδικώτερον οὐδὲ δουλοπρεπέστερον, ἐνδακόντα τὸ χεῖλος ὑποτρέφειν τὴν χολὴν καὶ τὸ μῖσος ἐν αὑτῷ κατάκλειστον αὔξειν ἕτερα μὲν κεύθοντα ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλα δὲ λέγοντα καὶ ὑποκρινόμενον ἱλαρῷ καὶ κωμικῷ τῷ προσώπῳ μάλα περιπαθῆ τινα καὶ ἰοῦ γέμουσαν τραγῳδίαν.
Indeed, I think nothing is more unjust or more slave-like than this: to bite one's lip and nourish one's bile, and to increase the hatred shut up within oneself, hiding one thing in the mind but speaking another, and playing under a cheerful and comic mask a highly emotional tragedy full of poison.
μάλιστα δὲ τοῦτο πάσχουσιν, ἐπειδὰν πάλαι φίλος ὁ ἐνδιαβάλλων δοκῶν εἶναι τῷ ἐνδιαβαλλομένῳ ποιῆται ὅμως· τότε γὰρ οὐδὲ φωνὴν ἀκούειν ἔτι θέλουσι τῶν διαβαλλομένων ἢ τῶν ἀπολογουμένων, τὸ ἀξιόπιστον τῆς κατηγορίας ἐκ τῆς πάλαι δοκούσης φιλίας προειληφότες, οὐδὲ τοῦτο λογιζόμενοι, ὅτι πολλαὶ πολλάκις ἐν τοῖς φιλτάτοις μίσους παραπίπτουσιν αἰτίαι τοὺς ἄλλους λανθάνουσαι· καὶ ἐνίοτε οἷς αὐτός τις ἔνοχός ἐστι, ταυτὶ φθάσας κατηγόρησε τοῦ πλησίον ἐκφυγεῖν οὕτω πειρώμενος τὴν διαβολήν.
And they suffer this most of all when the one who slanders is thought to have been a long-time friend to the one slandered; for then they do not even wish to hear the voice of those slandered or of those defending themselves, having pre-assumed the reliability of the accusation from the long-standing friendship, not even considering this, that many causes of hatred often occur among the closest friends without others knowing, and sometimes a person, anticipating others, accuses his neighbor of the very things he himself is guilty of, thus attempting to escape the slander.
καὶ ὅλως ἐχθρὸν μὲν οὐδεὶς ἂν τολμήσειε διαβαλεῖν· ἄπιστος γὰρ αὐτόθι ἡ κατηγορία πρόδηλον ἔχουσα τὴν αἰτίαν·
And in general, no one would dare to slander an enemy; for the accusation is immediately untrustworthy, having an obvious motive.
τοῖς δοκοῦσι δὲ μάλιστα φίλοις ἐπιχειροῦσι τὴν πρὸς τοὺς ἀκούοντας εὔνοιαν ἐμφῆναι προαιρούμενοι, ὅτι ἐπὶ τῷ ἐκείνων συμφέροντι οὐδὲ τῶν οἰκειοτάτων ἀπέσχοντο.
Rather, they attempt it against those who seem to be their closest friends, choosing to display their goodwill toward the listeners, as if for their benefit they did not spare even their closest intimates.