§1δεινόν γε ἡ ἄγνοια καὶ πολλῶν κακῶν ἀνθρώποις αἰτία, ὥσπερ ἀχλύν τινα καταχέουσα τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀμαυροῦσα καὶ τὸν ἑκάστου βίον ἐπηλυγάζουσα.
is indeed a terrible thing and the cause of many evils for human beings, pouring as it were a kind of mist over affairs, obscuring the truth, and casting a shadow over each person's life.
ἐν σκότῳ γοῦν πλανωμένοις πάντες ἐοίκαμεν, μᾶλλον δὲ τυφλοῖς ὅμοια πεπόνθαμεν, τῷ μὲν προσπταίοντες ἀλόγως, τὸ δὲ ὑπερβαίνοντες, οὐδὲν δέον, καὶ τὸ μὲν πλησίον καὶ παρὰ πόδας οὐχ ὁρῶντες, τὸ δὲ πόρρω καὶ πάμπολυ διεστηκὸς ὡς ἐνοχλοῦν δεδιότες· καὶ ὅλως ἐφʼ ἑκάστου τῶν πραττομένων οὐ διαλείπομεν τὰ πολλὰ ὀλισθαίνοντες.
At any rate, we all resemble people wandering in darkness, or rather we suffer like the blind, stumbling unreasonably at one thing, overstepping another when there is no need, not seeing what is near and at our feet, but fearing what is far off and at a great distance as if it were troublesome; and in general, in each of our actions we do not cease slipping for the most part.
τοιγάρτοι μυρίας ἤδη τοῖς τραγῳδοδιδασκάλοις ἀφορμὰς εἰς τὰ δράματα τὸ τοιοῦτο παρέσχηται, τοὺς Λαβδακίδας καὶ τοὺς Πελοπίδας καὶ τὰ τούτοις παραπλήσια· σχεδὸν γὰρ τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ ἀναβαινόντων κακῶν εὕροι τις ἂν ὑπὸ τῆς ἀγνοίας καθάπερ ὑπὸ τραγικοῦ τινος δαίμονος κεχορηγημένα.
Therefore, this sort of thing has already provided ten thousand materials for the tragic poets for their plays—the descendants of Labdacus, the descendants of Pelops, and things similar to these; for one would find almost most of the evils that ascend the stage to have been supplied by ignorance, just as if by some tragic demon.
Λέγω δὲ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα μὲν ἀποβλέπων, μάλιστα δὲ ἐς τὰς οὐκ ἀληθεῖς κατὰ τῶν συνήθων καὶ φίλων διαβολάς, ὑφʼ ὧν ἤδη καὶ οἶκοι ἀνάστατοι γεγόνασι καὶ πόλεις ἄρδην ἀπολώλασι, πατέρες τε κατὰ παίδων ἐξεμάνησαν καὶ ἀδελφοὶ κατὰ τῶν ὁμογενῶν καὶ παῖδες κατὰ τῶν γειναμένων καὶ ἐρασταὶ κατὰ τῶν ἐρωμένων· πολλαὶ δὲ καὶ φιλίαι συνεκόπησαν καὶ ὅρκοι συνεχύθησαν ὑπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὰς διαβολὰς πιθανότητος. §2ἵνʼ οὖν ὡς ἥκιστα περιπίπτωμεν αὐταῖς, ὑποδεῖξαι βούλομαι τῷ λόγῳ καθάπερ ἐπί τινος γραφῆς ὁποῖόν τί ἐστιν ἡ διαβολὴ καὶ πόθεν ἄρχεται καὶ ὁποῖα ἐργάζεται.
And I say this looking also at other things, but especially at the untrue slanders against companions and friends, by which already houses have been overturned and cities have utterly perished, and fathers have gone mad against children, brothers against their siblings, children against those who begot them, and lovers against their beloved; and many friendships have been cut short and oaths thrown into confusion by the persuasiveness of slanders. order, therefore, that we may fall into them as little as possible, I wish to point out in my discourse, as if in a painting, what kind of thing slander is, where it begins, and what kind of things it works.
μᾶλλον δὲ Ἀπελλῆς ὁ Ἐφέσιος πάλαι ταύτην προὔλαβε τὴν εἰκόνα· καὶ γὰρ αὖ καὶ οὗτος διαβληθεὶς πρὸς τὸν Πτολεμαῖον ὡς μετεσχηκὼς Θεοδότᾳ τῆς συνωμοσίας ἐν Τύρῳ, — ὁ δὲ Ἀπελλῆς οὐχ ἑωράκει ποτὲ τὴν Τύρον οὐδὲ τὸν Θεοδόταν, ὅστις ἦν, ἐγίνωσκεν, ἢ καθʼ ὅσον ἤκουε Πτολεμαίου τινὰ ὕπαρχον εἶναι τὰ κατὰ τὴν Φοινίκην ἐπιτετραμμένον.
Or rather, Apelles of Ephesus long ago anticipated this image; for indeed he too, having been slandered to Ptolemy as having shared with Theodotas in the conspiracy in Tyre—though Apelles had never seen Tyre nor did he know who Theodotas was, except in so far as he heard that he was some officer of Ptolemy entrusted with the affairs in Phoenicia.
ἀλλʼ ὅμως τῶν ἀντιτέχνων τις Ἀντίφιλος τοὔνομα ὑπὸ φθόνου τῆς παρὰ βασιλεῖ τιμῆς καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὴν τέχνην ζηλοτυπίας κατεῖπεν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν Πτολεμαῖον ὡς εἴη κεκοινωνηκὼς τῶν ὅλων καὶ ὡς θεάσαιτό τις αὐτὸν ἐν Φοινίκῃ συνεστιώμενον Θεοδότᾳ καὶ παρʼ ὅλον τὸ δεῖπνον πρὸς τὸ οὖς αὐτῷ κοινολογούμενον, καὶ τέλος ἀπέφηνε τὴν Τύρου ἀπόστασιν καὶ Πηλουσίου κατάληψιν ἐκ τῆς Ἀπελλοῦ συμβουλῆς γεγονέναι. §3ὁ δὲ Πτολεμαῖος ὡς ἂν καὶ τἆλλα οὐ κάρτα φρενήρης τις ὤν, ἀλλʼ ἐν κολακείᾳ δεσποτικῇ τεθραμμένος, οὕτως ἐξεκαύθη καὶ συνεταράχθη πρὸς τῆς παραδόξου ταύτης διαβολῆς, ὥστε μηδὲν τῶν εἰκότων λογισάμενος, μηδʼ ὅτι ἀντίτεχνος ἦν ὁ διαβάλλων μηδʼ ὅτι μικρότερος ἢ κατὰ τηλικαύτην προδοσίαν ζωγράφος, καὶ ταῦτα εὖ πεπονθὼς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ παρʼ ὁντινοῦν τῶν ὁμοτέχνων τετιμημένος, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ τὸ παράπαν εἰ ἐξέπλευσεν Ἀπελλῆς ἐς Τύρον ἐξετάσας, εὐθὺς ἐξεμήνιεν καὶ βοῆς ἐνεπίμπλα τὰ βασίλεια τὸν ἀχάριστον κεκραγὼς καὶ τὸν ἐπίβουλον καὶ συνωμότην.
Nevertheless, one of his rivals, Antiphilus by name, out of envy of his honor with the king and out of jealousy in their art, informed against him to Ptolemy, saying that he had participated in the whole affair, and that someone had seen him feasting with Theodotas in Phoenicia and whispering into his ear throughout the whole dinner, and finally he declared that the rebellion of Tyre and the capture of Pelusium had occurred because of the advice of Apelles. Ptolemy, who in other respects was not a very sensible person but had been nurtured in despotic flattery, was so inflamed and thrown into confusion by this incredible slander that, without considering any of the reasonable things—neither that the slanderer was a rival, nor that a painter was too insignificant for so great a treason, and that too when he had been well treated by him and honored above any of his fellow artists, nor indeed investigating at all whether Apelles had sailed to Tyre—he immediately became furious and filled the palace with shouting, crying out that he was ungrateful, a conspirator, and a plotter.
καὶ εἴ γε μὴ τῶν συνειλημμένων τις ἀγανακτήσας ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ Ἀντιφίλου ἀναισχυντίᾳ καὶ τὸν ἄθλιον Ἀπελλῆν κατελεήσας ἔφη μηδενὸς αὐτοῖς κεκοινωνηκέναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀπετέτμητο ἂν τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ παραπελελαύκει τῶν ἐν Τύρῳ κακῶν οὐδὲν αὐτὸς αἴτιος γεγονώς. §4ὁ μὲν οὖν Πτολεμαῖος οὕτω λέγεται αἰσχυνθῆναι ἐπὶ τοῖς γεγονόσιν, ὥστε τὸν μὲν Ἀπελλῆν ἑκατὸν ταλάντοις ἐδωρήσατο, τὸν δὲ Ἀντίφιλον δουλεύειν αὐτῷ παρέδωκεν.
And indeed, if one of those who had been arrested, being indignant at the shamelessness of Antiphilus and taking pity on the wretched Apelles, had not said that the man had shared nothing with them, he would have had his head cut off and would have shared in the evils of Tyre, though he himself was the cause of nothing., then, is said to have been so ashamed of what had happened that he presented Apelles with a hundred talents and handed Antiphilus over to him to serve as a slave.
ὁ δὲ Ἀπελλῆς ὧν παρεκινδύνευσε μεμνημένος τοιᾷδέ τινι εἰκόνι ἠμύνατο τὴν διαβολήν.
And Apelles, remembering the dangers he had run, avenged himself on slander with some such image.