§1ὄναρ τι τοῦτο, λαμπρότατε Κυίντιλλε, κελευσθεὶς προσφέρω σοι δῶρον τοὺς μακροβίους, πάλαι μὲν τὸ ὄναρ ἰδὼν καὶ ἱστορήσας τοῖς φίλοις, ὅτε ἐτίθεσο τῷ δευτέρῳ σου παιδὶ τοὔνομα·
As a sort of dream, most illustrious Quintillus, being commanded, I present to you this gift of the long-lived, having seen the dream long ago and related it to my friends, when you were giving the name to your second child.
συμβαλεῖν δὲ οὐκ ἔχων τίνας ὁ θεὸς κελεύει μοι προσφέρειν σοι τοὺς μακροβίους, τότε μὲν εὐξάμην τοῖς θεοῖς ἐπὶ μήκιστον ὑμᾶς βιῶναι σέ τε αὐτὸν καὶ παῖδας τοὺς σούς, τοῦτο συμφέρειν νομίζων καὶ σύμπαντι μὲν τῷ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένει, πρὸ δὲ τῶν ἁπάντων αὐτῷ τε ἐμοὶ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἐμοῖς· καὶ γὰρ κἀμοί τι ἀγαθὸν ἐδόκει προσημαίνειν ὁ θεός.
But since I was unable to understand whom the god was commanding me to present to you as the long-lived, at that time I prayed to the gods that you yourself and your children might live to the longest, considering this to be beneficial to the whole human race, and above all to myself and all my family; for indeed, the god seemed to portend some good to me as well.
§2σκεπτόμενος δὲ κατʼ ἐμαυτὸν εἰς ἔννοιαν ἦλθον, εἰκὸς εἶναι τοὺς θεοὺς ἀνδρὶ περὶ παιδείαν ἔχοντι ταῦτα προστάσσοντας κελεύειν προσφέρειν σοι τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς τέχνης.
Reflecting by myself, I came to the thought that it was likely that the gods, commanding such things to a man occupied with education, were bidding me to present to you something from my art.
ταύτην οὖν αἰσιωτάτην νομίζων τὴν τῶν σῶν γενεθλίων ἡμέραν δίδωμί σοι τοὺς ἱστορημένους εἰς μακρὸν γῆρας ἀφικέσθαι ἐν ὑγιαινούσῃ τῇ ψυχῇ καὶ ὁλοκλήρῳ τῷ σώματι.
Therefore, considering this day of your birthday to be the most auspicious, I give you those who are recorded to have reached a long old age with a healthy soul and a sound body.
καὶ γὰρ ἂν καὶ ὄφελος γένοιτό τί σοι ἐκ τοῦ συγγράμματος διπλοῦν· τὸ μὲν εὐθυμία τις καὶ ἐλπὶς ἀγαθὴ καὶ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ μήκιστον δύνασθαι βιῶναι, τὸ δὲ διδασκαλία τις ἐκ παραδειγμάτων, εἰ ἐπιγνοίης ὅτι οἱ μάλιστα ἑαυτῶν ἐπιμέλειαν ποιησάμενοι κατά τε σῶμα καὶ κατὰ ψυχήν, οὗτοι δὴ εἰς μακρότατον γῆρας ἦλθον σὺν ὑγιείᾳ παντελεῖ.
For indeed, some double benefit might come to you from this treatise: on the one hand, a certain cheerfulness and good hope that you too can live for the longest time, and on the other hand, a certain instruction from examples, if you should recognize that those who paid the greatest attention to themselves, both in body and in soul, are indeed those who reached the longest old age with complete health.
§3Νέστορα μὲν οὖν τὸν σοφώτατον τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἐπὶ τρεῖς παρατεῖναι γενεὰς Ὅμηρος λέγει, ὃν συνίστησιν ἡμῖν γεγυμνασμένον ἄριστα καὶ ψυχῇ καὶ σώματι.
Now, Homer says that Nestor, the wisest of the Achaeans, extended his life over three generations, whom he introduces to us as being excellently trained both in soul and in body.
καὶ Τειρεσίαν δὲ τὸν μάντιν ἡ τραγῳδία μέχρις ἓξ γενεῶν παρατεῖναι λέγει.
And tragedy says that Teiresias the prophet extended his life up to six generations.
πιθανὸν δʼ ἂν εἴη ἄνδρα θεοῖς ἀνακείμενον καθαρωτέρᾳ διαίτῃ χρώμενον ἐπὶ μήκιστον βιῶναι.
Indeed, it would be plausible that a man dedicated to the gods and practicing a purer mode of life should live for the longest time.
§4καὶ γένη δὲ ὅλα μακρόβια ἱστορεῖται διὰ τὴν δίαιταν, ὥσπερ Αἰγυπτίων οἱ καλούμενοι ἱερογραμματεῖς, Ἀσσυρίων δὲ καὶ Ἀράβων οἱ ἐξηγηταὶ τῶν μύθων, Ἰνδῶν δὲ οἱ καλούμενοι Βραχμᾶνες, ἄνδρες ἀκριβῶς φιλοσοφίᾳ σχολάζοντες, καὶ οἱ καλούμενοι δὲ μάγοι, γένος τοῦτο μαντικὸν καὶ θεοῖς ἀνακείμενον παρά τε Πέρσαις καὶ Πάρθοις καὶ Βάκτροις καὶ Χωρασμίοις καὶ Ἀρείοις καὶ Σάκαις καὶ Μήδοις καὶ παρὰ πολλοῖς ἄλλοις βαρβάροις, ἐρρωμένοι τέ εἰσι καὶ πολυχρόνιοι διὰ τὸ μαγεύειν διαιτώμενοι καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀκριβέστερον.
Also, whole groups of people are recorded as being long-lived because of their diet, such as the so-called sacred scribes of the Egyptians, the interpreters of myths among the Assyrians and Arabs, and the so-called Brahmans among the Indians, men who strictly devote their leisure to philosophy; and also the so-called Magi, this prophetic race dedicated to the gods among the Persians, Parthians, Bactrians, Chorasmians, Arians, Sacae, Medes, and among many other barbarians, who are both robust and long-lived because, by practicing magic, they themselves also live under a more rigorous regimen.
§5ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἔθνη ὅλα μακροβιώτατα, ὥσπερ Σῆρας μὲν ἱστοροῦσι μέχρι τριακοσίων ζῆν ἐτῶν, οἱ μὲν τῷ ἀέρι, οἱ δὲ τῇ γῇ τὴν αἰτίαν τοῦ μακροῦ γήρως προστιθέντες, οἱ δὲ καὶ τῇ διαίτῃ· ὑδροποτεῖν γάρ φασι τὸ ἔθνος τοῦτο σύμπαν.
Furthermore, there are even entire nations that are extremely long-lived, as they record that the Seres live up to three hundred years, some attributing the cause of their long old age to the air, others to the soil, and others also to their diet; for they say that this entire nation drinks only water.
καὶ Ἀθῴτας δὲ μέχρι τριάκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν ἐτῶν βιοῦν ἱστορεῖται, καὶ τοὺς Χαλδαίους ὑπὲρ τὰ ἑκατὸν ἔτη βιοῦν λόγος, τούτους μὲν καὶ κριθίνῳ ἄρτῳ χρωμένους, ὡς ὀξυδορκίας τοῦτο φάρμακον· οἷς γέ φασι διὰ τὴν τοιαύτην δίαιταν καὶ τὰς ἄλλας αἰσθήσεις ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους ἐρρωμένας εἶναι.
And those of Mount Athos are recorded to live up to a hundred and thirty years, and there is a report that the Chaldeans live beyond a hundred years, these people using barley bread, on the ground that this is a medicine for sharp sight; and they say that because of such a diet, their other senses as well are more robust than those of other men.
§6ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν περί τε τῶν μακροβίων γενῶν καὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἅτινά φασιν ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον διαγίγνεσθαι χρόνον, οἱ μὲν διὰ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸν ἀέρα, οἱ δὲ διὰ τὴν δίαιταν, οἱ δὲ καὶ διʼ ἄμφω.
But these are the facts concerning the long-lived races and nations, which they say survive for the longest time, some because of the land and the air, others because of their diet, and others also because of both.
ἐγὼ δʼ ἄν σοι δικαίως τὴν ἐλπίδα ῥᾳδίαν παράσχοιμι ἱστορήσας ὅτι καὶ κατὰ πᾶσαν γῆν καὶ κατὰ πάντα ἀέρα μακρόβιοι γεγόνασιν ἄνδρες οἱ γυμνασίοις τοῖς προσήκουσιν καὶ διαίτῃ τῇ ἐπιτηδειοτάτῃ πρὸς ὑγίειαν χρώμενοι.
But I might justly provide you with an easy hope by recording that in every land and in every air there have been long-lived men who practiced appropriate exercises and the most suitable diet for health.
§7διαίρεσιν δὲ τοῦ λόγου ποιήσομαι τὴν πρώτην κατὰ τἀπιτηδεύματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν, καὶ πρώτους γέ σοι τοὺς βασιλικοὺς καὶ τοὺς στρατηγικοὺς ἄνδρας ἱστορήσω, ὧν ἕνα ἡ εὐσεβεστάτη μεγάλου θειοτάτου αὐτοκράτορος τύχη εἰς τὴν τελεωτάτην ἀγαγοῦσα τάξιν εὐεργέτηκε τὰ μέγιστα τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν ἑαυτοῦ· οὕτω γὰρ ἂν ἀπιδὼν καὶ σὺ τῶν μακροβίων ἀνδρῶν πρὸς τὸ ὅμοιον τῆς ἕξεως καὶ τῆς τύχης ἑτοιμότερον ἐλπίσειας γῆρας ὑγιεινὸν καὶ μακρὸν καὶ ἅμα ζηλώσας ἐργάσαιο σαυτῷ τῇ διαίτῃ μέγιστόν τε ἅμα καὶ ὑγιεινότατον βίον.
I shall make the first division of my discourse according to the occupations of the men, and first I shall record for you the royal and military men, one of whom the most pious fortune of our great and most divine emperor, having brought him to the most perfect rank, has benefited in the greatest way his own inhabited world; for thus, looking away also to those of the long-lived men with a similar state of body and fortune, you might more readily hope for a healthy and long old age, and at the same time, by emulating them, you might work out for yourself through your diet a life at once very long and healthiest.