§7πάντα δέ, οἶμαι· , παιδεύματα καὶ μαθήματα συλλέγουσιν ἄνθρωποι χρησιμωτέρους αὑτοὺς ἀπὸ τούτων ταῖς πατρίσι παρασκευάζοντες· κτῶνται δὲ καὶ χρήματα φιλοτιμίας ἕνεκεν τῆς εἰς τὰ κοινὰ τῆς πατρίδος δαπανήματα.
And people, I think, collect all types of education and learning, preparing themselves by these to be more useful to their homelands; and they also acquire wealth for the sake of ambition for the public expenditures of their homeland.
καὶ εἰκότως, οἶμαι· δεῖ γὰρ οὐκ ἀχαρίστους εἶναι τοὺς τῶν μεγίστων τυχόντας εὐεργεσιῶν.
And naturally so, I think; for those who have received the greatest benefits ought not to be ungrateful.
ἀλλʼ εἰ τοῖς καθʼ ἕνα τις ἀπονέμει χάριν, ὥσπερ ἐστὶ δίκαιον, ἐπειδὰν εὖ πάθῃ πρός τινος, πολὺ μᾶλλον προσήκει τὴν πατρίδα τοῖς καθήκουσιν ἀμείβεσθαι· κακώσεως μὲν γὰρ γονέων εἰσὶ νόμοι παρὰ ταῖς πόλεσι, κοινὴν δὲ προσήκει πάντων μητέρα τὴν πατρίδα νομίζειν καὶ χαριστήρια τροφῶν ἀποδιδόναι καὶ τῆς τῶν νόμων αὐτῶν γνώσεως.
But if one renders gratitude to individuals, as is just, whenever he has received a benefit from someone, it is much more proper to requite the homeland with what is fitting; for indeed there are laws in the cities against the maltreatment of parents, but it is proper to consider the homeland the common mother of all, and to return thanks for upbringing and for the knowledge of the laws themselves.
§8ὤφθη δὲ οὐδεὶς οὕτως ἀμνήμων τῆς πατρίδος, ὡς ἐν ἄλλῃ πόλει γενόμενος ἀμελεῖν, ἀλλʼ οἵ τε κακοπραγοῦντες ἐν ταῖς ἀποδημίαις συνεχῶς ἀνακαλοῦσιν ὡς μέγιστον τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἡ πατρίς, οἵ τε εὐδαιμονοῦντες, ἂν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα εὖ πράττωσιν, τοῦτο γοῦν αὐτοῖς μέγιστον ἐνδεῖν νομίζουσιν τὸ μὴ τὴν πατρίδα οἰκεῖν, ἀλλὰ ξενιτεύειν· ὄνειδος γὰρ τὸ τῆς ξενιτείας.
And no one has been seen so unmindful of his homeland as to neglect it when he is in another city, but those who are unfortunate in their travels continuously cry out that the homeland is the greatest of goods, and those who are prosperous, even if they fare well in all other respects, think that at least this greatest thing is lacking to them, namely, not to dwell in their homeland but to live abroad; for living abroad is a reproach.
καὶ τοὺς κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἀποδημίας χρόνον λαμπροὺς γενομένους ἢ διὰ χρημάτων κτῆσιν ἢ διὰ τιμῆς δόξαν ἢ διὰ παιδείας μαρτυρίαν ἢ διʼ ἀνδρείας ἔπαινον ἔστιν ἰδεῖν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα πάντας ἐπειγομένους, ὡς οὐκ ἂν ἐν ἄλλοις βελτίοσιν ἐπιδειξαμένους τὰ αὑτῶν καλά· καὶ τοσούτῳ γε μᾶλλον ἕκαστος σπεύδει λαβέσθαι τῆς πατρίδος, ὅσῳπερ ἂν φαίνηται μειζόνων παρʼ ἄλλοις ἠξιωμένος.
And those who have become illustrious during the time of their absence from home, either through the acquisition of wealth, or through the reputation of honor, or through the testimony of education, or through the praise of courage, one can see all of them hastening to their homeland, as if they could not display their own excellent achievements before any other better people; and indeed, each person hastens to reach his homeland all the more, by how much the greater honors he seems to have been deemed worthy of among others.
§9ποθεινὴ μὲν οὖν καὶ νέοις ἡ πατρίς· τοῖς δὲ ἤδη γεγηρακόσιν ὅσῳ πλεῖον τοῦ φρονεῖν ἢ τοῖς νέοις μέτεστι, τοσούτῳ καὶ πλείων ἐγγίνεται πόθος τῆς πατρίδος·
Therefore, the homeland is desirable indeed to the young; but to those already grown old, by how much more they have a share of wisdom than the young, by so much the greater desire for the homeland arises in them.
ἕκαστος γοῦν τῶν γεγηρακότων καὶ σπεύδει καὶ εὔχεται καταλῦσαι τὸν βίον ἐπὶ τῆς πατρίδος, ἵνʼ, ὅθεν ἤρξατο βιοῦν, ἐνταῦθα πάλιν καὶ τὸ σῶμα παρακατάθηται τῇ γῇ τῇ θρεψαμένῃ καὶ τῶν πατρῴων κοινωνήσῃ τάφων· δεινὸν γὰρ ἑκάστῳ δοκεῖ ξενίας ἁλίσκεσθαι καὶ μετὰ θάνατον, ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ κειμένῳ γῇ.
At any rate, each of the aged both hastens and prays to end his life in his homeland, so that, where he began to live, there again he may commit his body to the earth that nurtured him, and share the ancestral tombs; for it seems terrible to each to be convicted of being a stranger even after death, lying in a foreign land.
§10ὅσον δὲ τῆς εὐνοίας τῆς πρὸς τὰς πατρίδας μέτεστιν τοῖς ὡς ἀληθῶς γνησίοις πολίταις μάθοι τις ἂν ἐκ τῶν αὐτοχθόνων· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπήλυδες καθάπερ νόθοι ῥᾳδίας ποιοῦνται τὰς μεταναστάσεις, τὸ μὲν τῆς πατρίδος ὄνομα μήτε εἰδότες μήτε στέργοντες, ἡγούμενοι δʼ ἁπανταχοῦ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων εὐπορήσειν, μέτρον εὐδαιμονίας τὰς τῆς γαστρὸς ἡδονὰς τιθέμενοι.
And how much of goodwill toward their homelands belongs to truly genuine citizens, one might learn from the indigenous people; for the newcomers, like bastards, make their migrations easily, neither knowing nor loving the name of the homeland, and thinking that they will have abundance of necessaries everywhere, making the pleasures of the belly the measure of happiness.
οἷς δὲ καὶ μήτηρ ἡ πατρίς, ἀγαπῶσι τὴν γῆν ἐφʼ ἧς ἐγένοντο καὶ ἐτράφησαν, κἂν ὀλίγην ἔχωσι, κἂν τραχεῖαν καὶ λεπτόγεων· κἂν ἀπορῶσι τῆς γῆς ἐπαινέσαι τὴν ἀρετήν, τῶν γε ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος οὐκ ἀπορήσουσιν ἐγκωμίων.
But those to whom the homeland is also a mother, love the land on which they were born and nurtured, even if they possess a small one, and even if it is rugged and thin-soiled; and even if they are at a loss to praise the virtue of the land, they will certainly not be at a loss for encomiums on behalf of their homeland.
ἀλλὰ κἂν ἴδωσιν ἑτέρους σεμνυνομένους πεδίοις ἀνειμένοις καὶ λειμῶσι φυτοῖς παντοδαποῖς διειλημμένοις, καὶ αὐτοὶ τῶν τῆς πατρίδος ἐγκωμίων οὐκ ἐπιλανθάνονται, τὴν δὲ ἱπποτρόφον ὑπερορῶντες τὴν κουροτρόφον ἐπαινοῦσι.
Nay, even if they see others pride themselves on wide-spread plains and meadows interspersed with plants of all kinds, they themselves do not forget the praises of their own homeland, but overlooking the horse-rearing land, they praise the youth-rearing one.
§11καὶ σπεύδει τις εἰς τὴν πατρίδα, κἂν νησιώτης ᾖ, κἂν παρʼ ἄλλοις εὐδαιμονεῖν δύνηται, καὶ διδομένην ἀθανασίαν οὐ προσήσεται, προτιμῶν τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς πατρίδος τάφον, καὶ ὁ τῆς πατρίδος αὐτῷ καπνὸς λαμπρότερος ὀφθήσεται τοῦ παρʼ ἄλλοις πυρός.
And one hastens to his homeland, even if he is an islander, and even if he is able to be prosperous among others, and he will not accept offered immortality, preferring the tomb in his homeland, and the smoke of his homeland will appear brighter to him than the fire among others.
§12οὕτω δὲ ἄρα τίμιον εἶναι δοκεῖ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἡ πατρίς, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς πανταχοῦ νομοθέτας ἴδοι τις ἂν ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγίστοις ἀδικήμασιν ὡς χαλεπωτάτην ἐπιβεβληκότας τὴν φυγὴν τιμωρίαν.
Thus, then, the homeland seems to be held precious by all, so that one may see the legislators everywhere have imposed exile as the most severe punishment for the greatest offenses.
καὶ οὐχ οἱ νομοθέται μὲν οὕτως ἔχουσιν, οἱ δὲ πιστευόμενοι τὰς στρατηγίας ἑτέρως, ἀλλʼ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις τὸ μέγιστόν ἐστι τῶν παραγγελμάτων τοῖς παραταττομένοις, ὡς ὑπὲρ πατρίδος αὐτοῖς ὁ πόλεμος, καὶ οὐδεὶς ὅστις ἂν ἀκούσας τούτου κακὸς εἶναι θέλῃ· ποιεῖ γὰρ τὸν δειλὸν ἀνδρεῖον τὸ τῆς πατρίδος ὄνομα.
And it is not that the legislators are of this mind while those entrusted with military commands are otherwise, but in battles the greatest of orders to those drawn up in ranks is that the war is for their homeland, and there is no one who, having heard this, would wish to be a coward; for the name of the homeland makes even the coward brave.