Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.54.1-20.54.7

Agathocles Becomes King and Besieges Utica

Passage 242 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles proclaims himself king in rivalry with other rulers but refrains from wearing a diadem, and subsequently besieges the revolted Utica, forcing a cruel dilemma upon the citizens by using captives as human shields.

§20.54.1Ἀγαθοκλῆς γὰρ πυθόμενος τοὺς προειρημένους δυνάστας ἀνῃρημένους διάδημα καὶ νομίζων μήτε δυνάμεσι μήτε χώρᾳ μήτε τοῖς πραχθεῖσι λείπεσθαι τούτων ἑαυτὸν ἀνηγόρευσε βασιλέα.
For Agathocles, having learned that the aforementioned rulers had assumed the diadem, and believing himself to be inferior to them neither in forces, nor in territory, nor in his achievements, proclaimed himself king.
καὶ διάδημα μὲν οὐκ ἔκρινεν ἔχειν· ἐφόρει γὰρ αἰεὶ στέφανον, ὃν κατὰ τὴν ἐπίθεσιν τῆς τυραννίδος ἔκ τινος ἱερωσύνης περικείμενος οὐκ ἀπέθετο περὶ τῆς δυναστείας ἀγωνιζόμενος·
Yet he decided not to wear a diadem; for he always wore a wreath, which he had put on from a certain priesthood when he established his tyranny and had not laid aside while struggling for his power.
ἔνιοι δέ φασιν αὐτὸν ἐπιτετηδεῦσθαι τοῦτον ἐξ ἀρχῆς φορεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ λίαν αὐτὸν εὐχαίτην εἶναι.
But some say that he made it a practice to wear this from the beginning because he was not very well-haired.
§20.54.2οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τῆς προσηγορίας ταύτης ἄξιόν τι σπεύδων πρᾶξαι ἐπὶ μὲν Ἰτυκαίους ἐστράτευσεν ἀφεστηκότας·
Nevertheless, striving to perform some deed worthy of this title, he marched against the Uticans, who had revolted.
ἄφνω δʼ αὐτῶν τῇ πόλει προσπεσὼν καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας ἀπειλημμένων πολιτικῶν ζωγρήσας εἰς τριακοσίους τὸ μὲν πρῶτον διδοὺς ἄφεσιν τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ἠξίου παραδιδόναι τὴν πόλιν·
Falling suddenly upon their city, and having captured alive about three hundred of the citizens who were cut off in the countryside, at first, by offering them forgiveness for their offenses, he demanded that they surrender the city.
οὐ προσεχόντων δὲ τῶν ἔνδον συνεπήγνυε μηχανὴν καὶ κρεμάσας ἐπʼ αὐτῇ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους προσήγαγε τοῖς τείχεσιν.
But since those inside paid no attention, he constructed a siege engine and, having hung the captives upon it, brought it up to the walls.
§20.54.3οἱ δʼ Ἰτυκαῖοι τοὺς μὲν ἠτυχηκότας ἠλέουν, πλείονα δὲ λόγον τῆς τῶν ἁπάντων ἐλευθερίας ἢ τῆς ἐκείνων σωτηρίας ποιούμενοι διέλαβον τὰ τείχη τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ τὴν πολιορκίαν εὐγενῶς ὑπέμενον.
But the Uticans, though they pitied those who had met with misfortune, making of greater account the freedom of all than the safety of those men, distributed the walls among their soldiers and nobly endured the siege.
§20.54.4εἶθʼ ὁ μὲν Ἀγαθοκλῆς ἐπιστήσας τῇ μηχανῇ τούς τε ὀξυβελεῖς καὶ σφενδονήτας καὶ τοξότας ἀπὸ ταύτης ἀγωνιζόμενος ἤρχετο τῆς πολιορκίας καὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς τῶν ἔνδον ὥσπερ καυτήριά τινα προσῆγεν·
Then Agathocles, having stationed upon the engine the catapult-bolts throwers, the slingers, and the archers, and fighting from this, began the siege, and applied, as it were, branding irons to the souls of those within.
§20.54.5οἱ δʼ ἐπὶ τῶν τειχῶν ἑστῶτες τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὤκνουν τοῖς βέλεσι χρήσασθαι, προκειμένων αὐτοῖς σκοπῶν πολιτικῶν ἀνδρῶν, ὧν ἦσάν τινες καὶ τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων· ἐπικειμένων δὲ τῶν πολεμίων βαρύτερον ἠναγκάζοντο τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς μηχανῆς ὄντας ἀμύνεσθαι.
Those who stood upon the walls at first hesitated to use their missiles, since there were placed before them as targets citizens, some of whom were even of the most prominent; but as the enemy pressed upon them more heavily, they were forced to defend themselves against those who were on the engine.
§20.54.6ἔνθα δὴ συνέβαινε γίνεσθαι παράλογα πάθη τοῖς Ἰτυκαίοις καὶ τύχης ἐπηρεασμὸν ἐν ἀνάγκαις κειμένοις ἀνεκφεύκτοις· προβεβλημένων γὰρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς ἡλωκότας τῶν ἐξ Ἰτύκης ἀναγκαῖον ἦν ἢ τούτων φειδομένους περιορᾶν ὑποχείριον τοῖς πολεμίοις γινομένην τὴν πατρίδα ἢ τῇ πόλει βοηθοῦντας ἀνηλεῶς φονεῦσαι πλῆθος πολιτῶν ἠτυχηκότων.
There indeed it came to pass that the Uticans experienced extraordinary sufferings and the cruelty of fortune, being placed under inescapable necessities; for since the Greeks had put forward the captives from Utica as a screen, it was necessary either, by sparing these, to look on while their fatherland fell into the hands of the enemy, or, by defending the city, to slaughter ruthlessly a multitude of their unfortunate fellow citizens.
§20.54.7ὅπερ καὶ συνέβη γενέσθαι· ἀμυνόμενοι γὰρ τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ παντοίοις βέλεσι χρώμενοι καὶ τὰ τῶν ἐφεστηκότων τῇ μηχανῇ σώματα κατῃκίσαντο καὶ τινὰς μὲν τῶν κρεμαμένων πολιτῶν κατηκόντισαν, τινὰς δὲ τοῖς ὀξυβελέσι πρὸς τῇ μηχανῇ προσκαθήλωσαν καθʼ οὕς ποτε τύχοι τοῦ σώματος τόπους, ὥστε σταυρῷ παραπλησίαν εἶναι τὴν ὕβριν ἅμα καὶ τὴν τιμωρίαν.
And this is just what came to pass; for while defending themselves against the enemy and using all kinds of missiles, they not only terribly disfigured the bodies of those stationed upon the engine, but they also shot down with javelins some of the suspended citizens, and others they pinned to the engine with the catapult-bolts through whatever parts of the body they happened to hit, so that the outrage and the punishment were very similar to crucifixion.
καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐγίνετό τισιν ὑπὸ συγγενῶν ἢ φίλων, εἰ τύχοι, τῆς ἀνάγκης οὐ πολυπραγμονούσης τι τῶν παρʼ ἀνθρώποις ὁσίων.
And this was done to some, it might be, by relatives or friends, since necessity paid no regard to any of the sacred laws of humankind.

Notes

  1. 20.54.1τοὺς προειρημένους δυνάστας ἀνῃρημένους διάδημα — ἀνῃρημένους is the perfect middle participle of the verb ἀναιρέω (to take up, assume, put on), taking the accusative διάδημα (diadem) as its direct object. It means 'that the aforementioned rulers had assumed the diadem.'
  2. 20.54.2τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας ἀπειλημμένων πολιτικῶν ζωγρήσας εἰς τριακοσίους — The genitive phrase τῶν ... πολιτικῶν functions as a partitive genitive, restricting the object of the participle ζωγρήσας (having captured alive). It translates to 'about three hundred of the citizens who had been cut off in the countryside.'
  3. 20.54.6περιορᾶν ὑποχείριον τοῖς πολεμίοις γινομένην τὴν πατρίδα — The verb περιορῶ (to overlook, allow) takes an accusative subject (τὴν πατρίδα) and a supplementary participle (γινομένην) to form the construction 'to look on while the fatherland becomes...'
  4. 20.54.7καθʼ οὕς ποτε τύχοι τοῦ σώματος τόπους — The aorist optative without ἄν (τύχοι) in the relative clause expresses an indefinite, general condition in past time ('through whatever parts of the body they happened to hit'), representing a past general relative construction.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.54.1-20.54.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.54.1-20.54.7

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.