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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.55.1-20.55.5

Agathocles' Conquests in Libya and Return to Sicily

Passage 243 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles captures Utica and Hippo, bringing most of Libya under his control. After a description of the four ethnic groups of Libya, Agathocles, anxious about Sicilian affairs, leaves his son in charge and sails back to Sicily.

§20.55.1ὁ δʼ Ἀγαθοκλῆς, ὁρῶν αὐτοὺς ἀπαθῶς ὡρμηκότας πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον, περιστήσας πανταχόθεν τὴν δύναμιν καὶ κατά τινα τόπον φαύλως ᾠκοδομημένον βιασάμενος εἰσέπεσεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν.
But Agathocles, seeing that they rushed into danger without being moved, stationed his army all around, and having forced his way through a certain place that was poorly built, broke into the city.
§20.55.2τῶν δʼ Ἰτυκαίων τῶν μὲν εἰς τὰς οἰκίας, τῶν δʼ εἰς ἱερὰ καταφευγόντων διʼ ὀργῆς αὐτοὺς ἔχων φόνου τὴν πόλιν ἐπλήρωσε.
While some of the Uticans fled to their houses and others to the temples, Agathocles, holding them in anger, filled the city with slaughter.
τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ διέφθειρε, τοὺς δʼ ἁλόντας ἐκρέμασε, τοὺς δʼ ἐπὶ θεῶν ἱερὰ καὶ βωμοὺς καταφυγόντας διαψευσθῆναι τῆς ἐλπίδος ἐποίησεν.
For some he destroyed in hand-to-hand combat, others who were captured he hanged, and those who fled to the temples and altars of the gods he caused to be disappointed in their hope.
§20.55.3διαφορήσας δὲ τὰς κτήσεις καὶ φυλακὴν ἀπολιπὼν ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως ἐστρατοπέδευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἵππου καλουμένην ἄκραν, ὠχυρωμένην φυσικῶς τῇ παρακειμένῃ λίμνῃ.
Having plundered their possessions and left a garrison in the city, he encamped against the place called Hippou Akra, which was naturally fortified by the adjacent lake.
πολιορκήσας δὲ αὐτὴν ἐνεργῶς καὶ τῶν ἐγχωρίων ναυμαχίᾳ περιγενόμενος κατὰ κράτος εἷλε.
Having besieged it vigorously and overcome the inhabitants in a sea-fight, he took it by storm.
τούτῳ δὲ τῷ τρόπῳ τὰς πόλεις χειρωσάμενος τῶν τε ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ τόπων τῶν πλείστων ἐκυρίευσεν καὶ τῶν τὴν μεσόγειον οἰκούντων πλὴν τῶν Νομάδων· ὧν τινὲς μὲν φιλίαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐποιήσαντο, τινὲς δʼ ἐκαραδόκουν τὴν τῶν ὅλων κρίσιν.
Having subdued the cities in this manner, he became master of most of the coastal regions and of those who inhabited the interior, except for the Nomads; of whom some made friendship with him, while others watched for the outcome of the whole issue.
§20.55.4τέτταρα γὰρ τὴν Λιβύην διείληφε γένη, Φοίνικες μὲν οἱ τὴν Καρχηδόνα τότε κατοικοῦντες, Λιβυφοίνικες δὲ πολλὰς ἔχοντες πόλεις ἐπιθαλαττίους καὶ κοινωνοῦντες τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις ἐπιγαμίας, οἷς ἀπὸ τῆς συμπεπλεγμένης συγγενείας συνέβη τυχεῖν ταύτης τῆς προσηγορίας· ὁ δὲ πολὺς λαὸς τῶν ἐγχωρίων, ἀρχαιότατος ὤν, Λίβυς ὠνομάζετο, μισῶν διαφερόντως τοὺς Καρχηδονίους διὰ τὸ βάρος τῆς ἐπιστασίας· οἱ δὲ τελευταῖοι Νομάδες ὑπῆρχον, πολλὴν τῆς Λιβύης νεμόμενοι μέχρι τῆς ἐρήμου.
For four nations divided Libya: first, the Phoenicians, who then inhabited Carthage; second, the Libyphoenicians, who had many coastal cities and shared rights of intermarriage with the Carthaginians, from which intertwined kinship it happened that they received this name; third, the great mass of the inhabitants, who, being the most ancient, were called Libyans, and who hated the Carthaginians exceedingly because of the weight of their rule; and last were the Nomads, who occupied a great part of Libya as far as the desert.
§20.55.5Ἀγαθοκλῆς δὲ τοῖς μὲν κατὰ Λιβύην συμμάχοις καὶ ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ὑπερέχων τῶν Καρχηδονίων, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἐν Σικελίᾳ πραγμάτων ἀγωνιῶν ἄφρακτα καὶ πεντηκοντόρους ναυπηγησάμενος ἐνεβίβασε στρατιώτας δισχιλίους.
And Agathocles, though superior to the Carthaginians in his allies in Libya and in his forces, yet being anxious about the affairs in Sicily, built undecked vessels and fifty-oared ships, and embarked two thousand soldiers.
καταλιπὼν δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ Λιβύῃ πραγμάτων στρατηγὸν Ἀγάθαρχον τὸν υἱὸν ἀνήχθη ταῖς ναυσίν, ἐπὶ Σικελίαν τὸν πλοῦν ποιούμενος.
Leaving his son Agatharchus as general of affairs in Libya, he put to sea with his ships, making his voyage toward Sicily.

Notes

  1. 20.55.1ἀπαθῶς ὡρμηκότας — The participle ὡρμηκότας serves as the object complement of ὁρῶν. The adverb ἀπαθῶς (impassively, without being affected) indicates that the Uticans, despite the horrific sight of their relatives hung on the siege engine, remained undeterred and resolutely faced the danger (κίνδυνος).
  2. 20.55.2διʼ ὀργῆς αὐτοὺς ἔχων — An idiomatic expression consisting of the preposition διὰ with the genitive ὀργῆς and the verb ἔχω (δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά), meaning 'to hold someone in anger' or 'to be enraged with someone', describing the mental state of the subject Agathocles.
  3. 20.55.2ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ — A classical Greek idiom meaning 'in hand-to-hand combat' or 'by the law of force', indicating that those killed were slain during the actual fighting while resisting with arms, rather than being executed after surrender.
  4. 20.55.2διαψευσθῆναι τῆς ἐλπίδος ἐποίησεν — The causative verb ἐποίησεν governs an accusative and infinitive construction consisting of the passive infinitive διαψευσθῆναι and its subject accusative (τοὺς ... καταφυγόντας). The verb διαψεύδομαι (to be frustrated or disappointed) takes the genitive of separation τῆς ἐλπίδος, meaning 'he caused them to be disappointed in their hope'.
  5. 20.55.3ὧν — The antecedent of the relative pronoun ὧν is the immediately preceding noun 'Nomads' (τῶν Νομάδων). Although grammatically possible to refer to all the inhabitants of the interior, it is most natural to restrict it to the Nomads, given both the word order and the transition to their detailed description in 20.55.4.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.55.1-20.55.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.55.1-20.55.5

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