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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.33.1-20.33.8

Display of Hamilcar's Head and Mutiny after Lyciscus' Murder

Passage 221 of 301 · Greek

Summary

While Agathocles shakes the Carthaginian army in Libya by displaying Hamilcar's head, his son Archagathus kills the officer Lyciscus after a banquet dispute, sparking a major mutiny among the soldiers.

§20.33.1περὶ δὲ τὴν Λιβύην Ἀγαθοκλῆς, ἐπειδὴ κατέπλευσαν οἱ τὴν Ἀμίλκα κεφαλὴν κομίζοντες, ἀναλαβὼν ταύτην καὶ παριππεύσας πλησίον τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν πολεμίων εἰς φωνῆς ἀκοὴν ἔδειξε τοῖς πολεμίοις καὶ τὴν τῶν στρατοπέδων ἧτταν διεσάφησεν.
In Libya, Agathocles, when those bringing Hamilcar's head had sailed into port, took it and, riding on horseback near the enemy's camp within earshot, showed it to the enemy and made clear the defeat of their armies.
§20.33.2οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι περιαλγεῖς γενόμενοι καὶ βαρβαρικῶς προσκυνήσαντες συμφορὰν ἑαυτῶν ἐποιοῦντο τὸν τοῦ βασιλέως θάνατον καὶ πρὸς τὸν ὅλον πόλεμον ἄθυμοι καθειστήκεισαν.
The Carthaginians, being deeply grieved and making prostration in the barbarian fashion, considered the king's death their own misfortune and became disheartened for the whole war.
οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα τοῖς περὶ Λιβύην προτερήμασιν ἐπαρθέντες τηλικούτων εὐτυχημάτων προσγενομένων μετέωροι ταῖς ἐλπίσιν ἐγενήθησαν, ὡς ἀπηλλαγμένοι τῶν δεινῶν.
Agathocles and his followers, elated by their successes in Libya, since such great successes had been added, became buoyant in their expectations, as though they were freed from their dangers.
§20.33.3οὐ μὴν ἡ τύχη γε εἴασε τὴν εὔροιαν μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς τάξεως, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων στρατιωτῶν τῷ δυνάστῃ τοὺς μεγίστους ἐπήνεγκε κινδύνους.
Yet Fortune did not allow this smooth flow to remain in the same state, but brought upon the ruler the greatest dangers from among his own soldiers.
Λυκίσκος γάρ τις τῶν ἐφʼ ἡγεμονίᾳ τεταγμένων, παραληφθεὶς ὑπʼ Ἀγαθοκλέους ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖπνον, οἰνωθεὶς ἐβλασφήμει τὸν δυνάστην.
For a certain Lyciscus, one of those appointed to command, having been invited by Agathocles to dinner, became drunk and began to abuse the ruler.
§20.33.4ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀγαθοκλῆς διὰ τὰς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ χρείας ἀποδεχόμενος τὸν ἄνδρα τῇ παιδιᾷ τὰ πρὸς πικρίαν λεγόμενα διέσυρεν· ὁ δʼ υἱὸς Ἀρχάγαθος χαλεπῶς φέρων ἐπετίμα τε καὶ διηπειλεῖτο.
Now Agathocles, accepting the man because of his usefulness in the war, treated with jesting the remarks made with bitterness; but his son Archagathus, taking it ill, rebuked and threatened him.
§20.33.5διαλυθέντος δὲ τοῦ πότου καὶ πρὸς τὴν σκηνὴν ἀπιόντων ἐλοιδόρησεν ὁ Λυκίσκος τὸν Ἀρχάγαθον εἰς τὴν τῆς μητρυιᾶς μοιχείαν· ἐδόκει γὰρ ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν·
When the drinking-party broke up and they were departing to their tents, Lyciscus reviled Archagathus for adultery with his stepmother; for he was thought to have Alcian secretly from his father.
§20.33.6τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ὄνομα τῇ γυναικί.
For this was the woman's name.
ὁ δʼ Ἀρχάγαθος εἰς ὀργὴν ὑπερβάλλουσαν προαχθεὶς καὶ παρά τινος τῶν ὑπασπιστῶν ἁρπάσας σιβύνην διήλασε διὰ τῶν πλευρῶν.
But Archagathus, driven into exceeding rage and snatching a spear from one of the bodyguards, drove it through his ribs.
τοῦτον μὲν οὖν παραχρῆμα τελευτήσαντα πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν ἀπήνεγκαν σκηνὴν οἷς ἦν ἐπιμελές· ἅμα δʼ ἡμέρᾳ συνελθόντες οἱ τοῦ φονευθέντος φίλοι καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἄλλων στρατιωτῶν συνδραμόντες ἠγανάκτουν ἐπὶ τοῖς πραχθεῖσι καὶ θορύβου τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἐπλήρωσαν.
When he died instantly, those whose duty it was carried him off to his own tent; but at daybreak, the friends of the murdered man assembled and many of the other soldiers ran together, being indignant at what had been done, and filled the camp with clamor.
§20.33.7πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐφʼ ἡγεμονίαις τεταγμένων, ἐν ἐγκλήμασιν ὄντες καὶ φοβούμενοι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν, συνεπιθέμενοι τῷ καιρῷ στάσιν οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν ἐξέκαυσαν.
And many of those appointed to commands, being under accusation and fearing for themselves, joined in utilizing the opportunity and kindled no ordinary mutiny.
παντὸς δὲ τοῦ στρατεύματος μισοπονηροῦντος ἕκαστοι τὰς πανοπλίας ἀνελάμβανον ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ φονεύσαντος τιμωρίαν· καὶ πέρας τὸ πλῆθος ᾤετο δεῖν Ἀρχάγαθον ἀναιρεῖσθαι, μὴ ἐκδιδόντος δὲ τὸν υἱὸν Ἀγαθοκλέους αὐτὸν ἀντʼ ἐκείνου τὴν τιμωρίαν ὑπέχειν.
Since the whole army hated the crime, each man took up his full armor to punish the murderer; and finally the multitude thought that Archagathus should be put to death, and that if Agathocles did not give up his son, he himself should suffer punishment in his stead.
§20.33.8ἀπῄτουν δὲ καὶ τοὺς μισθοὺς τοὺς ὀφειλομένους καὶ στρατηγοὺς ᾑροῦντο τοὺς ἀφηγησομένους τοῦ στρατοπέδου καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον τὰ τείχη κατελαμβάνοντό τινες τοῦ Τύνητος καὶ πανταχόθεν φυλακαῖς περιέλαβον τοὺς δυνάστας.
They also demanded the wages owed to them and chose generals to lead the army, and finally some seized the walls of Tunis and surrounded the rulers on all sides with guards.

Notes

  1. 20.33.1εἰς φωνῆς ἀκοὴν — The noun ἀκοή means "hearing". The prepositional phrase with the accusative, εἰς φωνῆς ἀκοήν, functions adverbially to mean "within earshot" or "within the range of a voice being heard."
  2. 20.33.2οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα — The idiomatic expression οἱ περί τινα here refers not just to Agathocles himself but to "Agathocles and his followers" or "Agathocles and his forces."
  3. 20.33.4τὰ πρὸς πικρίαν λεγόμενα — The preposition πρὸς with the accusative noun πικρίαν expresses the manner or intent ("with bitterness"), making the entire phrase mean "the remarks made in a bitter or hostile manner."
  4. 20.33.5ἐδόκει γὰρ ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν — The verb ἔχειν here has the sexual nuance of "having a relationship with" or "keeping as a mistress." The adverb λάθρᾳ governs the genitive τοῦ πατρὸς, meaning "secretly from his father."
  5. 20.33.7μὴ ἐκδιδόντος δὲ τὸν υἱὸν Ἀγαθοκλέους — A genitive absolute construction. The negative particle μὴ implies a conditional force, meaning "if Agathocles should not surrender his son."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.33.1-20.33.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.33.1-20.33.8

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