Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.12.1-20.12.8
Death of Hanno and Bomilcar's Retreat Leading to Agathocles' Victory
Summary
Agathocles' army repels the Carthaginian chariot and cavalry charges, leading to a fierce close combat. After the Carthaginian general Hannon falls in battle, the other general, Bomilcar, orders a retreat to serve his own tyrannical ambitions, causing a general rout of the Carthaginian forces and securing victory for Agathocles.
§20.12.1προεμβαλόντων γὰρ εἰς αὐτοὺς τῶν ἁρμάτων ἃ μὲν κατηκόντισαν, ἃ δʼ εἴασαν διεκπεσεῖν, τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα συνηνάγκασαν στρέψαι πρὸς τὴν τῶν πεζῶν τάξιν.
For when the chariots charged into them, some they struck down with javelins, others they allowed to break through, and most they forced to turn back toward the ranks of the infantry.
§20.12.2παραπλησίως δὲ καὶ τὴν τῶν ἱππέων ἐπιφορὰν ὑποστάντες καὶ πολλοὺς αὐτῶν κατατιτρώσκοντες ἐποίησαν φυγεῖν εἰς τοὐπίσω.
Similarly, having also withstood the charge of the cavalry and wounding many of them, they made them flee to the rear.
προαγωνιζομένων δʼ αὐτῶν ἐν τούτοις λαμπρῶς ἡ πεζὴ δύναμις τῶν βαρβάρων ἅπασα συνῆψεν εἰς χεῖρας.
While they were fighting brilliantly in these engagements, the entire infantry force of the barbarians joined in close combat.
§20.12.3γενναίας δὲ μάχης γιγνομένης Ἄννων μὲν ἔχων συναγωνιζόμενον τὸν ἱερὸν λόχον ἐπιλέκτων ἀνδρῶν καὶ σπεύδων ποιῆσαι διʼ αὑτοῦ τὴν νίκην ἐνέκειτο βαρὺς τοῖς Ἕλλησι καὶ συχνοὺς ἀνῄρει.
While a noble battle was taking place, Hannon, having the Sacred Band of select men fighting alongside him, and eager to secure the victory by his own hands, pressed heavily upon the Greeks and slew many of them.
φερομένων δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτὸν παντοδαπῶν βελῶν οὐκ εἶκεν, ἀλλὰ καίπερ πολλοῖς τραύμασι περιπίπτων ἐβιάζετο, μέχρις ὅτου καταπονηθεὶς ἐτελεύτησε.
Although missiles of all kinds were showered upon him, he did not yield, but despite receiving many wounds, he forced his way forward until, exhausted, he died.
§20.12.4τούτου δὲ πεσόντος οἱ μὲν ταύτῃ τεταγμένοι τῶν Καρχηδονίων ἀνετράπησαν ταῖς ψυχαῖς, οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα μετεωρισθέντες πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐπερρώσθησαν.
When he fell, the Carthaginians stationed there were disheartened, while those around Agathocles, elated, were much more strengthened in courage.
§20.12.5ἃ δὴ πυθόμενός τινων Βορμίλκας, ὁ ἕτερος στρατηγός, καὶ νομίσας παρὰ θεῶν αὐτῷ δεδόσθαι τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ λαβεῖν ἀφορμὰς πρὸς τὴν ἐπίθεσιν τῆς τυραννίδος, διελογίζετο πρὸς αὑτόν, εἰ μὲν ἡ μετὰ Ἀγαθοκλέους διαφθαρείη δύναμις, μὴ δυνήσεσθαι τὴν ἐπίθεσιν ποιήσασθαι τῇ δυναστείᾳ, τῶν πολιτῶν ἰσχυόντων, εἰ δὲ ἐκεῖνος νικήσας τὰ φρονήματα παρέλοιτο τῶν Καρχηδονίων, εὐχειρώτους μὲν ἑαυτῷ τοὺς προηττημένους ἔσεσθαι, τὸν δʼ Ἀγαθοκλέα ῥᾳδίως καταπολεμήσειν, §20.12.6ὅταν αὐτῷ δόξῃ.
Bomilcar, the other general, having learned of these things from certain people, and thinking that the opportunity to obtain starting points for an assault on the tyranny had been given to him by the gods, reasoned with himself: if the force under Agathocles were destroyed, he would not be able to make the assault on the sovereign power, since the citizens would be strong; but if that man, having conquered, should strip away the pride of the Carthaginians, those who had been defeated would be easily managed by him, and he would easily defeat Agathocles, whenever it should seem good to him.
ταῦτα δὲ διανοηθεὶς ἀνεχώρησε μετὰ τῶν πρωτοστατῶν, δοὺς τοῖς μὲν πολεμίοις ἄσημον ἔκκλιμα, τοῖς δʼ ἰδίοις δηλώσας τὸν Ἄννωνος θάνατον καὶ παρακελευόμενος ἀναχωρεῖν ἐν τάξει πρὸς τὸν γεώλοφον· §20.12.7τοῦτο γὰρ συμφέρειν.
Having run over these thoughts, he retreated with the front-rank men, giving the enemy an obscure appearance of withdrawal, while declaring to his own men the death of Hannon and ordering them to retreat in order toward the hill; for this, he said, was advantageous.
ἐπικειμένων δὲ τῶν πολεμίων καὶ τῆς ὅλης ὑποχωρήσεως φυγῇ παραπλησίας γινομένης οἱ μὲν συνεχεῖς Λίβυες ἀπὸ κράτους ἡττῆσθαι τοὺς πρωτοστάτας νομίσαντες πρὸς φυγὴν ὥρμησαν, οἱ δὲ τὸν ἱερὸν λόχον ἔχοντες μετὰ τὸν Ἄννωνος τοῦ στρατηγοῦ θάνατον τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀντεῖχον εὐρώστως καὶ τοὺς ἐξ αὐτῶν πίπτοντας ὑπερβαίνοντες ὑπέμενον πάντα κίνδυνον, ἐπεὶ δὲ κατενόησαν τὸ πλεῖον μέρος τῆς δυνάμεως πρὸς φυγὴν ὡρμημένον καὶ τοὺς πολεμίους περιισταμένους κατὰ νώτου, συνηναγκάσθησαν ἐκκλῖναι.
But as the enemy pressed on and the entire withdrawal became similar to a flight, the adjacent Libyans, thinking that the front-rank men had been defeated by force, turned to flight; while those who held the Sacred Band, after the death of the general Hannon, at first resisted vigorously and, stepping over those of their own who fell, endured every danger, but when they perceived that the greater part of the force had turned to flight and that the enemy were surrounding them from behind, they were forced to give way.
§20.12.8διὸ καὶ τροπῆς γενομένης κατὰ πᾶν τὸ τῶν Καρχηδονίων στρατόπεδον οἱ μὲν βάρβαροι τὴν φυγὴν ἐποιοῦντο πρὸς τὴν Καρχηδόνα, Ἀγαθοκλῆς δὲ μέχρι τινὸς ἐπιδιώξας ἐπανῆλθε καὶ τὴν στρατοπεδείαν τῶν Καρχηδονίων διήρπασεν.
Therefore, when a rout took place throughout the entire Carthaginian camp, the barbarians fled toward Carthage, and Agathocles, having pursued them up to a certain point, returned and plundered the camp of the Carthaginians.
Notes
- §20.12.5μὴ δυνήσεσθαι — Infinitive of indirect discourse depending on the main verb `διελογίζετο` ('reasoned with himself'). It serves as the apodosis of the conditional clause `εἰ μὲν... διαφθαρείη` (optative of future assumption), with the subject of the infinitive (`αὐτόν`) being omitted. `τῶν πολιτῶν ἰσχυόντων` is a genitive absolute expressing reason.
- §20.12.6ὅταν αὐτῷ δόξῃ — Temporal-conditional clause with the conjunction `ὅταν` and the subjunctive `δόξῃ`. It modifies the preceding future infinitive `καταπολεμήσειν` ('would defeat'), expressing a condition of indefinite future time ('whenever it should seem good to him' or 'when he pleased').
- §20.12.7τοῦτο γὰρ συμφέρειν — Infinitive of indirect discourse. It expresses the reason given by Bomilcar in his exhortation (`παρακελευόμενος`), representing his speech indirectly: 'for this, he said, was advantageous.'
Cite this passage
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.12.1-20.12.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.12.1-20.12.8
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