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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.10.1-20.10.6

Appointment of Hanno and Bomilcar and Carthaginian Mobilization

Passage 198 of 301 · Greek

Summary

The Carthaginian council censures the admirals and appoints the mutually hostile Hannon and Bomilcar as generals to ensure safety through mutual distrust, but Bomilcar sees this as an opportunity for tyranny. The Carthaginians quickly mobilize a large citizen force and draw up their battle lines near the enemy.

§20.10.1ἀναθαρσησάντων οὖν πάντων πάλιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἡ γερουσία τοὺς μὲν ναυάρχους ἅπαντας κατεμέμψατο ὅτι θαλαττοκρατοῦντες εἴασαν πολεμίαν δύναμιν ἐπιβῆναι τῆς Λιβύης, στρατηγοὺς δὲ ἀπέδειξαν τῶν δυνάμεων Ἄννωνα καὶ Βορμίλκαν, πατρῴαν ἔχθραν ἔχοντας·
Therefore, when everyone had again taken courage in their hearts, the council of elders censured all the admirals because, though they had control of the sea, they had allowed an enemy force to land in Libya; and they appointed Hannon and Bomilcar as generals of the forces, who had an ancestral enmity toward each other.
§20.10.2ἡγοῦντο γὰρ διὰ τὴν ἰδίαν τούτοις ἀπιστίαν καὶ διαφορὰν κοινὴν ἔσεσθαι τῆς πόλεως ἀσφάλειαν.
For they thought that on account of the personal distrust and discord between these two men, there would be common safety for the city.
πολὺ δὲ διεσφάλησαν τῆς ἀληθείας.
But they were greatly mistaken in the truth.
ὁ γὰρ Βορμίλκας πάλαι μὲν ἦν ἐπιθυμητὴς τυραννίδος, οὐκ ἔχων δʼ ἐξουσίαν οὐδὲ καιρὸν οἰκεῖον ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς τότε ἔλαβεν ἀφορμὰς ἀξιολόγους, §20.10.3τυχῶν τῆς στρατηγίας.
For Bomilcar had long been desirous of a tyranny, but having neither the power nor a suitable opportunity for his designs, he then obtained an important starting-point, having obtained the generalship.
αἰτία δὲ μάλιστα τούτων ἡ πρὸς τὰς τιμωρίας πικρία τῶν Καρχηδονίων· τοὺς γὰρ ἐπιφανεστάτους τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐν μὲν τοῖς πολέμοις προάγουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ἡγεμονίας, νομίζοντες δεῖν αὐτοὺς τῶν ὅλων προκινδυνεύειν· ὅταν δὲ τύχωσι τῆς εἰρήνης, τοὺς αὐτοὺς τούτους συκοφαντοῦσι καὶ κρίσεις ἀδίκους ἐπιφέροντες διὰ τὸν φθόνον τιμωρίαις περιβάλλουσι.
And the chief cause of these things was the severity of the Carthaginians in punishments; for they promote the most illustrious of their men to commands in times of war, thinking that they ought to face danger first for the sake of the whole, but when they obtain peace, they bring false accusations against these very same men, and bringing unjust trials upon them through envy, they involve them in punishments.
§20.10.4διὸ καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ τὰς ἡγεμονίας ταττομένων τινὲς μὲν φοβούμενοι τὰς ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ κρίσεις ἀποστάται γίνονται, τινὲς δʼ ἐπιτίθενται τυραννίσιν· ὅπερ καὶ τότε Βορμίλκας ὁ ἕτερος τῶν στρατηγῶν ἐποίησε, περὶ οὗ μικρὸν ὕστερον ἐροῦμεν.
Therefore, some of those who are appointed to commands, fearing the decisions in the law court, become rebels, while others attempt tyrannies; which indeed Bomilcar, one of the two generals, did at that time, concerning whom we shall speak a little later.
§20.10.5οἱ γʼ οὖν στρατηγοὶ τῶν Καρχηδονίων ὁρῶντες τὸν καιρὸν οὐδαμῶς ἀναβολῆς οἰκεῖον τοὺς μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας καὶ τῶν συμμαχίδων πόλεων στρατιώτας οὐκ ἀνέμειναν, αὐτοὺς δὲ τοὺς πολιτικοὺς ἐξήγαγον εἰς ὕπαιθρον, ὄντας πεζοὺς μὲν οὐκ ἐλάττους τετρακισμυρίων, ἱππεῖς δὲ χιλίους, ἅρματα δὲ δισχίλια.
At any rate, the generals of the Carthaginians, seeing that the occasion was by no means suitable for delay, did not wait for the soldiers from the countryside and the allied cities, but led out the citizens themselves into the field, being no fewer than forty thousand infantry, a thousand cavalry, and two thousand chariots.
§20.10.6καταλαβόμενοι δέ τινα γεώλοφον οὐ μακρὰν τῶν πολεμίων ἐξέταττον τὴν δύναμιν εἰς μάχην· καὶ τοῦ μὲν δεξιοῦ κέρατος Ἄννων εἶχε τὴν ἡγεμονίαν, συναγωνιζομένων αὐτῷ τῶν εἰς τὸν ἱερὸν λόχον συντεταγμένων, τοῦ δʼ εὐωνύμου Βορμίλκας ἡγούμενος βαθεῖαν ἐποίει τὴν φάλαγγα, κωλύοντος τοῦ τόπου παρεκτείνειν ἐπὶ πλεῖον· τὰ δʼ ἅρματα καὶ τοὺς ἱππεῖς πρὸ τῆς φάλαγγος ἔστησαν, διεγνωκότες τούτοις πρῶτον ἐμβαλεῖν καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀποπειραθῆναι.
Having occupied a certain hill not far from the enemy, they drew up their force for battle; and Hannon had the command of the right wing, with those drawn up in the Sacred Band fighting alongside him, while Bomilcar, leading the left, made his phalanx deep, since the nature of the place prevented them from extending it further; and they stationed the chariots and the cavalry in front of the phalanx, having resolved to charge with these first and make trial of the Greeks.

Notes

  1. 20.10.1πατρῴαν ἔχθραν ἔχοντας — The adjective πατρῷος means "of a parent" or "ancestral." Here it indicates that the families of Hannon and Bomilcar, or their fathers, had been in a state of mutual enmity.
  2. 20.10.2διὰ τὴν ἰδίαν τούτοις ἀπιστίαν καὶ διαφορὰν κοινὴν ἔσεσθαι τῆς πόλεως ἀσφάλειαν — This is an accusative and infinitive construction acting as the object clause of ἡγοῦντο. The subject of ἔσεσθαι is κοινὴν τῆς πόλεως ἀσφάλειαν (the common safety of the city), and the prepositional phrase διὰ ... ἀπιστίαν καὶ διαφοράν (on account of their private distrust and discord) expresses the cause. It reflects the council's hope that their mutual hostility would prevent either from seizing sole power, thereby ensuring safety.
  3. 20.10.3τιμωρίαις περιβάλλουσι — The verb περιβάλλω (literally "to throw around, clothe") is used idiomatically with a dative of misfortune or punishment (here τιμωρίαις) to mean "to involve in" or "to inflict upon." It criticizes the Carthaginian practice of subjecting successful generals to unjust punishments.
  4. 20.10.6κωλύοντος τοῦ τόπου παρεκτείνειν ἐπὶ πλεῖον — A genitive absolute construction expressing cause. The subject of the participle κωλύοντος (preventing) is τοῦ τόπου (the place/terrain), and the infinitive παρεκτείνειν (to extend the line) functions as its object.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.10.1-20.10.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.10.1-20.10.6

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