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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.44.1-19.44.5

Execution of Eumenes and Antigonus' March to Media

Passage 121 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Antigonus captured Eumenes and the opposing force, executed the hostile leaders, and eventually put Eumenes to death due to the inexorable demands of the Macedonians. Afterward, Antigonus moved his entire army to Media for winter quarters.

§19.44.1Ἀντίγονος δὲ παραδόξως κυριεύσας τοῦ τʼ Εὐμενοῦς καὶ πάσης τῆς ἀντιτεταγμένης δυνάμεως Ἀντιγένην μὲν τὸν τῶν ἀργυρασπίδων ἡγούμενον συλλαβὼν καὶ καταθέμενος εἰς σειρὸν ζῶντα κατέκαυσεν, Εὔδημον δὲ τὸν ἐξ Ἰνδῶν καταγαγόντα τοὺς ἐλέφαντας καὶ Κελβανὸν καί τινας ἄλλους τῶν ἀλλοτρίως ἀεὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐχόντων ἀνεῖλεν.
Antigonus, having unexpectedly become master of both Eumenes and all the opposing force, seized Antigenes, the leader of the Silver Shields, and having cast him into a pit, burned him alive, and Eudemus, who had brought the elephants from India, and Celbanus, and certain others of those who were always hostilely disposed toward him, he put to death.
§19.44.2Εὐμενῆ δὲ παραδοὺς εἰς φυλακὴν ἐβουλεύετο πῶς αὐτῷ χρηστέον εἴη.
And having delivered Eumenes into custody, he deliberated how he should deal with him.
ἔσπευδε γὰρ ἔχειν μεθʼ αὑτοῦ στρατηγὸν ἀγαθὸν καὶ χάριτος ὑπόχρεων, οὐ λίαν δʼ ἐπίστευεν αὐτοῦ ταῖς ἐπαγγελίαις διὰ τὴν πρὸς Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς φιλίαν· καὶ γὰρ πρότερον σωθεὶς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ περὶ Νῶρα τῆς Φρυγίας οὐδὲν ἧττον τοῖς βασιλεῦσι προθυμότατα συνηγωνίσατο.
For he was eager to have with himself a good general who was bound to him by gratitude, but he did not trust his promises very much because of his friendship toward Olympias and the kings; for indeed previously, having been saved by him at Nora of Phrygia, he had nonetheless most zealely fought on the side of the kings.
ὁρῶν δὲ καὶ τὴν τῶν Μακεδόνων ὁρμὴν ἀπαραίτητον οὖσαν πρὸς τὴν κατʼ Εὐμενοῦς τιμωρίαν ἀνεῖλε τὸν ἄνδρα· διὰ δὲ τὴν προγεγενημένην φιλίαν καύσας τὸ σῶμα καὶ καταθέμενος εἰς ἀγγεῖον τὰ ὀστᾶ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους ἀπέστειλεν.
And seeing also that the impulse of the Macedonians was inexorable towards the punishment of Eumenes, he put the man to death; but on account of their former friendship, having burned his body and placed the bones in an urn, he sent them to his relatives.
§19.44.3ἀνήχθη δʼ ἐν τοῖς τραυματίαις αἰχμάλωτος καὶ ὁ τὰς ἱστορίας συνταξάμενος Ἱερώνυμος ὁ Καρδιανός, ὃς τὸν μὲν ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον ὑπʼ Εὐμενοῦς τιμώμενος διετέλεσεν, μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἐκείνου θάνατον ὑπʼ Ἀντιγόνου ἐτύγχανε φιλανθρωπίας καὶ πίστεως.
And among the wounded there was also brought up as a prisoner Hieronymus of Cardia, who composed the histories, who in former times had continually been honored by Eumenes, but after the latter's death met with kindness and trust from Antigonus.
§19.44.4ὁ δʼ Ἀντίγονος τὴν δύναμιν ἅπασαν ἀναλαβὼν εἰς Μηδίαν αὐτὸς μὲν ἔν τινι κώμῃ παρεχείμασεν οὔσῃ πλησίον Ἐκβατάνων, ἐν ᾗ τῆς χώρας ἐκείνης ἐστὶ τὰ βασίλεια, τοὺς δὲ στρατιώτας ἐπιδιεῖλεν εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν σατραπείαν καὶ μάλιστα εἰς τὴν ἐπαρχίαν τὴν προσαγορευομένην Ῥάγας, ἣ ταύτην τὴν προσηγορίαν ἔσχεν ἀπὸ τῶν γενομένων περὶ αὐτὴν ἀτυχημάτων ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνοις· §19.44.5πλείστας γὰρ ἔχουσα πόλεις τῶν ἐν ἐκείνοις τοῖς τόποις καὶ μάλιστʼ εὐδαιμονούσας τηλικούτους ἔσχε σεισμοὺς ὥστε καὶ τὰς πόλεις καὶ τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας ἅπαντας ἀφανισθῆναι, καθόλου δὲ τὴν χώραν ἀλλοιωθῆναι καὶ ποταμοὺς ἀντὶ τῶν προϋπαρχόντων ἄλλους φανῆναι καὶ λίμνας.
Antigonus, taking his entire army into Media, himself wintered in a certain village near Ecbatana, in which is the royal palace of that country, but he distributed his soldiers throughout the entire satrapy and especially into the district called Rhagae, which received this name from the disasters that had occurred around it in former times; for, although possessing the most numerous and prosperous of the cities in those regions, it suffered such great earthquakes that both the cities and all their inhabitants disappeared, and the country as a whole was altered, and other rivers and lakes appeared instead of those previously existing.

Notes

  1. §19.44.2πῶς αὐτῷ χρηστέον εἴη — Impersonal construction with the verbal adjective χρηστέον (from χράομαι, 'to treat / deal with'), forming an indirect deliberative question. αὐτῷ is the dative object governed by χράομαι.
  2. §19.44.4εν ᾗ — On the antecedent of the relative pronoun ᾗ (feminine singular dative). Grammatically, it refers to the preceding κώμῃ (village, fem. sing.). However, since the royal palace is contextually located in Ecbatana (Ἐκβάτανα, neut. plur.), this presents either a semantic difficulty (that the palace was in the village) or a grammatical discord where ᾗ refers to Ecbatana treated as a feminine singular city, or to the region of Media (Μηδία).
  3. §19.44.5πλείστας γὰρ ἔχουσα πόλεις — The participle ἔχουσα (feminine singular nominative, referring to the region of Rhagae) is best understood as concessive ('although it possessed the most...'), creating a sharp contrast with the subsequent catastrophic destruction by earthquakes (τηλικούτους ἔσχε σεισμοὺς ὥστε...). Although it could be construed causally, the concessive reading highlights the tragic irony of its prosperity before the disaster.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.44.1-19.44.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.44.1-19.44.5

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