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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.23.1-19.23.4

Eumenes' Forged Letters and Prosecution of Sibyrtius

Passage 100 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Eumenes counters Peucestas's growing popularity by fabricating false letters of support from home to win over the soldiers, and subsequently asserts his own authority by prosecuting Peucestas's friend, the satrap Sibyrtius.

§19.23.1πλησίον δʼ εἶναι πάσας τὰς παρασκευάς.
And all the preparations were near at hand.
πάντων δὲ κατὰ τρόπον ὑπηρετουμένων ἐπεσημαίνετο τὸ πλῆθος τὴν τοῦ Πευκέστου προθυμίαν καὶ φανερὸς ἦν ἐπιδεδωκὼς πολὺ πρὸς εὔνοιαν.
As everything was ministered in due order, the multitude acclaimed the enthusiasm of Peucestas, and it was clear that he had greatly increased in their favor.
ἃ δὴ θεωρῶν Εὐμενὴς καὶ συλλογιζόμενος τὸν Πευκέστην πολιτεύεσθαι πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος τῆς στρατηγίας ὀρεγόμενον, ἐπλάσατο ψευδεῖς ἐπιστολάς, διὰ δὲ τούτων τούς τε στρατιώτας εὐθαρσεῖς πρὸς τὰς μάχας κατεσκεύασεν καὶ τοῦ Πευκέστου τὸν ὄγκον καὶ τὸ πρόσχημα ταπεινώσας ἑαυτὸν εἰς ὕψος ἤγαγε καὶ προσδοκίαν ἐλπίδων ἀγαθῶν παρὰ τοῖς πλήθεσιν. §19.23.2ἦν δʼ ὁ νοῦς τῶν γεγραμμένων ὅτι τὸ μὲν Ἀλεξάνδρου παιδίον Ὀλυμπιὰς παραλαβοῦσα κεκόμισται καὶ τὴν Μακεδονίας βασιλείαν κυρίως, ἀναιρεθέντος Κασάνδρου, Πολυπέρχων δὲ διαβέβηκεν εἰς Ἀσίαν πρὸς Ἀντίγονον ἔχων τῆς βασιλικῆς δυνάμεως τὴν κρατίστην καὶ τοὺς ἐλέφαντας, ἔστι δὲ προσάγων ἤδη περὶ Καππαδοκίαν. §19.23.3ἡ δʼ ἐπιστολὴ Συρίοις γεγραμμένη γράμμασιν ἀπέσταλτο παρὰ Ὀρόντου τοῦ σατραπείαν μὲν ἔχοντος Ἀρμενίας, φίλου δὲ ὄντος Πευκέστῃ.
Eumenes, seeing this and reasoning that Peucestas was playing the politician to the multitude because he was eager for the supreme command, fabricated false letters. Through these, he rendered the soldiers courageous for the battles, and having lowered the pride and pretension of Peucestas, he raised himself to a high position and created an expectation of good hopes among the multitudes. The substance of what was written was that Olympias, having taken charge of Alexander's young child, had also securely recovered the kingdom of Macedonia, Cassander having been slain, and that Polyperchon had crossed over into Asia against Antigonus, having the strongest part of the royal force and the elephants, and was already marching near Cappadocia. The letter, written in Syrian characters, had been sent by Orontes, who held the satrapy of Armenia and was a friend of Peucestas.
πιστευθείσης δὲ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς διὰ τὴν συνήθειαν τὴν προϋπάρχουσαν τοῖς σατράπαις ὁ μὲν Εὐμενὴς ἐκέλευσε περιενεγκεῖν καὶ δεῖξαι τοῖς τε ἡγεμόσι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων στρατιωτῶν τοῖς πλείστοις, τὸ δὲ στρατόπεδον ἅπαν μετετέθη ταῖς διανοίαις καὶ πάντες ἀπέβλεπον πρὸς τὰς Εὐμενοῦς ἐλπίδας, ὡς τούτου δυνησομένου καὶ προάγειν διὰ τῶν βασιλέων οὓς ἂν βούληται καὶ δίκας λαβεῖν παρὰ τῶν ἀδικούντων. §19.23.4μετὰ δὲ τὴν εὐωχίαν Εὐμενὴς βουλόμενος καταπλήξασθαι τοὺς ἀπειθοῦντας ἢ στρατηγίας ὀρεγομένους παρήγαγεν εἰς κρίσιν Σιβύρτιον, ὃς ἦν τῆς μὲν Ἀραχωσίας σατράπης, Πευκέστου δὲ μάλιστα φίλος, ἔλαθε δὲ αὐτὸν τῶν ἱππέων τινὰς ἀποστείλας εἰς Ἀραχώτας· καὶ τὰς ἀποσκευὰς κελεύσας παρελέσθαι εἰς τηλικούτους περιέστησε κινδύνους ὥστε, εἰ μὴ λαθὼν διέδρα,
Because the letter was believed on account of the pre-existing familiarity among the satraps, Eumenes ordered it to be carried around and shown both to the commanders and to most of the other soldiers. The whole camp was changed in their minds, and everyone looked to the hopes held out by Eumenes, thinking that he would be able, through the kings, both to promote whomsoever he wished and to exact punishment from those who did wrong. After the feast, Eumenes, wishing to intimidate those who were disobedient or who were eager for the supreme command, brought to trial Sibyrtius, who was the satrap of Arachosia and a very close friend of Peucestas. He had secretly, without Eumenes' knowledge, sent some of the cavalry to the Arachotians; and Eumenes, ordering his baggage to be confiscated, surrounded him with such great dangers that, if he had not secretly run away, he would have perished.

Notes

  1. §19.23.1εἶναι — The infinitive εἶναι continues the accusative-with-infinitive construction dependent on the impersonal verb συνέβαινεν ('it happened that...') from the preceding section (§19.22.3).
  2. §19.23.1φανερὸς ἦν ἐπιδεδωκὼς — The adjective φανερός is used in a personal construction with the copula ἦν and the participle ἐπιδεδωκὼς, meaning 'it was clear that he had increased (in favor),' which is equivalent to an impersonal construction (φανερὸν ἦν with an infinitive or ὅτι-clause).
  3. §19.23.3ὡς τούτου δυνησομένου — A genitive absolute construction with the particle ὡς indicating subjective reason or expectation. The future participle δυνησομένου (with τούτου [Eumenes] as its subject) expresses the belief of the soldiers ('thinking that he would be able to...').
  4. §19.23.4ἔλαθε δὲ αὐτὸν ... ἀποστείλας — The verb λανθάνω (ἔλαθε) is constructed with the participle ἀποστείλας to mean 'to do something secretly, without someone's knowledge.' The accusative αὐτόν refers to Eumenes ('without his knowledge'), while the subject of the participle is the recently mentioned Sibyrtius.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.23.1-19.23.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.23.1-19.23.4

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