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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.17.1-19.17.7

Antigonus Crosses the Tigris and Peucestas Raises Persian Forces

Passage 94 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Antigonus unites with Seleucus and Peithon in Babylonia and crosses the Tigris, while Eumenes prepares a defense along the river and Peucestas summons ten thousand Persian archers using a highly efficient communication system.

§19.17.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος δʼ Ἀθήνησι Δημοκλείδου Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν ὑπάτους κατέστησαν Γάιον Ἰούνιον καὶ Κόιντον Αἰμίλιον, ὀλυμπιὰς δʼ ὑπῆρχεν ἕκτη πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατὸν καὶ δέκα, καθʼ ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Δεινομένης Λάκων.
When Democleides was archon in Athens, the Romans established Gaius Junius and Quintus Aemilius as consuls, and the hundred and sixteenth Olympiad was celebrated, in which Deinomenes the Laconian won the stadium race.
§19.17.2περὶ δὲ τούτους τοὺς καιροὺς Ἀντίγονος μὲν ἐκ τῆς Μεσοποταμίας ἀναζεύξας ἧκεν εἰς τὴν Βαβυλωνίαν κἀκεῖ συνέθετο κοινοπραγίαν Σελεύκῳ καὶ Πίθωνι· προσλαβόμενος δὲ καὶ παρὰ τούτων στρατιώτας ἔζευξε πλοίοις τὸν Τίγριν ποταμὸν καὶ περαιώσας τὰς δυνάμεις ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους.
About these times, Antigonus, having moved his army from Mesopotamia, came into Babylonia and there entered into a common agreement with Seleucus and Peithon; and having received additional soldiers from them also, he bridged the Tigris River with boats, and having crossed his forces, he set out against the enemy.
§19.17.3οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Εὐμενῆ πυθόμενοι τὰ πεπραγμένα Ξενοφίλῳ μὲν τῷ τὴν ἐν Σούσοις ἄκραν φυλάττοντι ἐκέλευσαν μήτε τῶν χρημάτων Ἀντιγόνῳ δοῦναί τι μήτʼ εἰς λόγους ἔρχεσθαι, αὐτοὶ δὲ τὰς δυνάμεις ἀναλαβόντες ὥρμησαν ἐπὶ τὸν Τίγριν ποταμόν, ἀπέχοντα Σούσων ὁδὸν ἡμέρας, ᾗ τῆς ὀρεινῆς ἐκρεῖ τῆς ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτονόμων κατεχομένης, οὓς Οὐξίους προσαγορεύουσι, πλάτος μὲν κατὰ πολλοὺς τόπους τριῶν σταδίων, ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ τεσσάρων, βάθος δὲ κατὰ μέσον τὸ ῥεῦμα πρὸς τὰ μεγέθη τῶν ἐλεφάντων, καὶ φερόμενος μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ὀρεινῆς ἐπὶ σταδίους ἑπτακοσίους εἰς τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν ἐξερεύγεται θάλασσαν, ἔχει δὲ καὶ θαλάσσιον ἰχθὺν πολὺν καὶ θηρία τῶν πελαγίων, ἃ φαίνεται μάλιστα περὶ κυνὸς ἀνατολάς.
But Eumenes and his men, when they learned what had been done, ordered Xenophilus, who was guarding the citadel in Susa, neither to give any of the money to Antigonus nor to enter into negotiations with him, while they themselves, taking up their forces, set out for the Tigris River, which is a day's journey distant from Susa, and flows from the mountainous country held by the independent people whom they call Uxians. Its width is in many places three stadia, and sometimes even four, and its depth in the middle of the current is comparable to the height of elephants; and flowing from the mountainous country for seven hundred stadia, it empties into the Red Sea, and it contains many sea fish and marine monsters, which appear especially about the rising of the Dog Star.
§19.17.4τοῦτον δὲ τὸν ποταμὸν προβαλόμενοι καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν παραποταμίαν ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν ἕως τῆς θαλάσσης φυλακαῖς διαλαβόντες ἀνέμενον τὴν τῶν πολεμίων ἔφοδον. προσδεομένης δὲ τῆς φυλακῆς διὰ τὸ μῆκος στρατιωτῶν οὐκ ὀλίγων οἱ περὶ τὸν Εὐμενῆ καὶ Ἀντιγένη ἠξίωσαν τὸν Πευκέστην ἐκ τῆς Περσίδος μεταπέμψασθαι τοξότας μυρίους.
Having placed this river before themselves as a barrier, and having stationed guards along the whole riverbank from the sources to the sea, they awaited the attack of the enemy. But since the defense required no small number of soldiers because of its length, Eumenes and Antigenes requested Peucestas to send for ten thousand archers from Persis.
§19.17.5ὁ δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον οὐ προσεῖχεν αὐτοῖς, μεμψιμοιρῶν ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ τετευχέναι τῆς στρατηγίας, ὕστερον δὲ δοὺς αὑτῷ λόγον συνεχώρησεν ὅτι κρατήσαντος Ἀντιγόνου συμβήσεται καὶ τὴν σατραπείαν αὐτὸν ἀποβαλεῖν καὶ περὶ τοῦ σώματος κινδυνεῦσαι.
At first, he paid no attention to them, grumbling because he had not obtained the chief command; but later, having reasoned with himself, he agreed, realizing that if Antigonus should conquer, it would result in his losing his satrapy and running into danger concerning his life.
§19.17.6ἀγωνιῶν οὖν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ καὶ τῆς στρατηγίας μᾶλλον τεύξεσθαι νομίζων ὡς πλείστους ἔχων στρατιώτας προσήγαγεν, καθάπερ ἠξίουν, τοξότας μυρίους. ἀπέχοντες δʼ ἔνιοι τῶν Περσῶν ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν τριάκοντα τὸ παραγγελθὲν αὐθημερὸν ἤκουον διὰ τὸ φιλοτεχνηθὲν περὶ τὰς φυλακάς· §19.17.7ὅπερ οὐ καλῶς ἔχει παραδραμεῖν.
Anxious, therefore, on his own behalf, and thinking that he would be more likely to obtain the chief command if he had as many soldiers as possible, he brought the ten thousand archers, just as they had requested. Although some of the Persians were thirty days' journey away, they heard the command on the very same day because of the ingenious arrangement of the guard posts; which indeed it is not well to pass over.
τῆς γὰρ Περσίδος οὔσης αὐλωνοειδοῦς καὶ σκοπὰς ἐχούσης ὑψηλὰς καὶ πυκνὰς ἐπὶ τούτων ἐφειστήκεισαν οἱ μέγιστον φθεγγόμενοι τῶν ἐγχωρίων· διῃρημένων γὰρ τῶν τόπων εἰς φωνῆς ἀκοὴν οἱ παραλαμβάνοντες τὸ παραγγελθὲν ὁμοίως ἑτέροις παρεδίδοσαν, εἶτʼ ἐκεῖνοι πάλιν ἄλλοις, ἕως εἰς τὸ τέρμα τῆς σατραπείας τὸ δοθὲν παραδοθῇ.
For since Persis is ravine-like and has high and closely spaced lookout posts, the men with the loudest voices among the inhabitants were stationed upon these; and since the places were divided within earshot of a voice, those who received the command passed it on in like manner to others, and then those again to others, until the given command was delivered to the boundary of the satrapy.

Notes

  1. 19.17.2ἔζευξε πλοῖοις τὸν Τίγριν ποταμὸν — The verb ζεύγνυμι means 'to join' or 'to bridge'. With the accusative of the river as its object and the dative πλοίοις ('with boats'), it forms an idiomatic military expression meaning 'to bridge the river with boats' (to construct a pontoon bridge).
  2. 19.17.3πρὸς τὰ μεγέθη τῶν ἐλεφάντων — The preposition πρός with the accusative denotes proportion or comparison, meaning 'corresponding to (or comparable to) the size of elephants.' It describes the depth of the river in the middle of the current as being equal to the height of an elephant.
  3. 19.17.4προβαλόμενοι — The middle participle προβάλλομαι means 'to throw before oneself (for protection)' or 'to hold out as a shield.' Here it indicates that they placed the Tigris River before themselves as a protective barrier or defense line.
  4. 19.17.6διὰ τὸ φιλοτεχνηθὲν περὶ τὰς φυλακάς — The articular neuter participle τὸ φιλοτεχνηθέν functions as an abstract noun meaning 'that which was ingeniously contrived' or 'the clever arrangement.' It is modified by περὶ τὰς φυλακάς, meaning 'because of the ingenious skill employed concerning the guard posts.'
  5. 19.17.7ὅπερ οὐ καλῶς ἔχει παραδραμεῖν — The relative pronoun ὅπερ refers to the entire fact of the communication method described in the preceding sentence. The impersonal phrase οὐ καλῶς ἔχει ('it is not well/proper') is combined with the infinitive παραδραμεῖν ('to pass over/omitted'), forming an authorial digression: 'which indeed it is not proper to pass over without mention.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.17.1-19.17.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.17.1-19.17.7

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