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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §5.79.1-5.79.4

Justice of Rhadamanthys, Sarpedon, and Idomeneus

Passage 401 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Describes Rhadamanthys's just judgments, his rule, and his role as a judge in the underworld. It also mentions his brother Sarpedon's acquisition of Lycia and the exploits and heroic cult of Minos's descendants, Idomeneus and Meriones, in the Trojan War.

§5.79.1Ῥαδάμανθυν δὲ λέγουσι τάς τε κρίσεις πάντων δικαιοτάτας πεποιῆσθαι καὶ τοῖς λῃσταῖς καὶ ἀσεβέσι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις κακούργοις ἀπαραίτητον ἐπενηνοχέναι τιμωρίαν.
And they say that Rhadamanthys made the most just judgments of all, and brought inescapable punishment upon robbers, the impious, and other malefactors.
κατακτήσασθαι δὲ καὶ νήσους οὐκ ὀλίγας καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας πολλὴν τῆς παραθαλαττίου χώρας, ἁπάντων ἑκουσίως παραδιδόντων ἑαυτοὺς διὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην.
They also say that he acquired not a few islands and much of the coastal region of Asia, since all people voluntarily surrendered themselves to him because of his justice.
τὸν δὲ Ῥαδάμανθυν Ἐρύθρῳ μὲν ἑνὶ τῶν αὑτοῦ παίδων παραδοῦναι τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν διʼ ἐκεῖνον Ἐρυθρῶν ὀνομασθεισῶν, Οἰνοπίωνι δὲ τῷ Ἀριάδνης τῆς Μίνω Χίον ἐγχειρίσαι φασίν, ὃν ἔνιοι μυθολογοῦσι Διονύσου γενόμενον μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς τὰ περὶ τὴν οἰνοποιίαν. §5.79.2τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ἡγεμόνων ἑκάστῳ νῆσον ἢ πόλιν δωρήσασθαι λέγουσι τὸν Ῥαδάμανθυν, Θόαντι μὲν Λῆμνον, Ἐνυεῖ δὲ Κύρνον, Σταφύλῳ δὲ Πεπάρηθον, Εὐάνθει δὲ Μαρώνειαν, Ἀλκαίῳ δὲ Πάρον, Ἀνίωνι δὲ Δῆλον, Ἀνδρεῖ δὲ τὴν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου κληθεῖσαν Ἄνδρον.
And they say that Rhadamanthys handed over the kingship of the places named Erythrae after him to Erythrus, one of his own sons, and entrusted Chios to Oenopion, the son of Ariadne, the daughter of Minos; of Oenopion, some relate in myth that he was the son of Dionysus and learned the art of winemaking from his father.\n And to each of the other leaders around him, they say that Rhadamanthys presented an island or a city: to Thoas, Lemnos; to Enyeus, Cyrnus; to Staphylus, Peparethus; to Euanthes, Maroneia; to Alcaeus, Paros; to Anion, Delos; and to Andreus, Andros, which was named after him.
διὰ δὲ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς περὶ αὐτὸν δικαιοσύνης μεμυθολογῆσθαι δικαστὴν αὐτὸν ἀποδεδεῖχθαι καθʼ ᾅδου καὶ διακρίνειν τοὺς εὐσεβεῖς καὶ τοὺς πονηρούς.
And because of the excess of his justice, the myth was told that he had been appointed a judge in Hades and distinguished the pious from the wicked.
τετευχέναι δὲ τῆς αὐτῆς τιμῆς καὶ τὸν Μίνω, βεβασιλευκότα νομιμώτατα καὶ μάλιστα δικαιοσύνης πεφροντικότα. §5.79.3τὸν δὲ τρίτον ἀδελφὸν Σαρπηδόνα φασὶ μετὰ δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν διαβάντα κατακτήσασθαι τοὺς περὶ Λυκίαν τόπους.
And they say that Minos also attained the same honor, having ruled most lawfully and cared especially for justice.\n And the third brother, Sarpedon, they say, crossed over into Asia with a force and acquired the regions around Lycia.
Εὔανδρον δὲ γενόμενον υἱὸν αὐτοῦ διαδέξασθαι τὴν ἐν Λυκίᾳ βασιλείαν, καὶ γήμαντα Δηιδάμειαν τὴν Βελλεροφόντου τεκνῶσαι Σαρπηδόνα τὸν ἐπὶ Τροίαν μὲν στρατεύσαντα, ὑπό τινων δὲ Διὸς υἱὸν ὀνομαζόμενον. §5.79.4Μίνῳ δέ φασιν υἱοὺς γενέσθαι Δευκαλίωνά τε καὶ Μόλον· καὶ Δευκαλίωνος μὲν Ἰδομενέα, Μόλου δὲ Μηριόνην ὑπάρξαι.
And Euander, who became his son, succeeded to the kingship in Lycia, and marrying Deidameia, the daughter of Bellerophon, begot Sarpedon, who campaigned against Troy, and was named by some the son of Zeus.\n And to Minos, they say, were born sons, Deucalion and Molus; and of Deucalion was Idomeneus, and of Molus was Meriones.
τούτους δὲ ναυσὶν ἐνενήκοντα στρατεῦσαι μετʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος εἰς Ἴλιον, καὶ διασωθέντας εἰς τὴν πατρίδα τελευτῆσαι καὶ ταφῆς ἐπιφανοῦς ἀξιωθῆναι καὶ τιμῶν ἀθανάτων.
These campaigned with ninety ships with Agamemnon to Ilion, and having returned safely to their fatherland, they ended their lives and were deemed worthy of a distinguished burial and immortal honors.
καὶ τὸν τάφον αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ Κνωσῷ δεικνύουσιν, ἐπιγραφὴν ἔχοντα τοιάνδε, "Κνωσίου Ἰδομενῆος ὅρα τάφον.
And people point out their tomb in Knossos, which bears the following inscription:\n"See the tomb of Knossian Idomeneus.
αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι πλησίον ἵδρυμαι Μηριόνης ὁ Μόλου. " τούτους μὲν οὖν ὡς ἥρωας ἐπιφανεῖς τιμῶσιν οἱ Κρῆτες διαφερόντως, θύοντες καὶ κατὰ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις κινδύνους ἐπικαλούμενοι βοηθούς.
And I, Meriones, son of Molus, am placed near you."\nThese, then, the Cretans honor exceedingly as illustrious heroes, offering sacrifices and invoking them as helpers during dangers in wars.

Notes

  1. §5.79.1τῶν διʼ ἐκεῖνον Ἐρυθρῶν ὀνομασθεισῶν — Meaning "of the places/cities named Erythrae after him." A feminine plural noun such as πόλεων (cities) is omitted, and the phrase modifies the preceding τὴν βασιλείαν (the kingship).
  2. §5.79.1ὃν ἔνιοι μυθολογοῦσι Διονύσου γενόμενον μαθεῖν — The relative pronoun ὃν refers to Oenopion and functions as the subject accusative of the infinitive μαθεῖν. The participle γενόμενον agrees in gender, number, and case with ὃν and is accompanied by the genitive of origin Διονύσου (born of Dionysus).
  3. §5.79.2μεμυθολογῆσθαι δικαστὴν αὐτὸν ἀποδεδεῖχθαι — A double infinitive structure. The accusative-and-infinitive clause δικαστὴν αὐτὸν ἀποδεδεῖχθαι (that he was appointed judge) serves as the subject of the impersonal passive infinitive μεμυθολογῆσθαι (it is told in myth).
  4. §5.79.4αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι πλησίον ἵδρυμαι Μηριόνης ὁ Μόλου — A poetic line (dactylic hexameter) forming the epitaph. τοι is an ethical dative adding a nuance like "to you" or "you see." ἵδρυμαι is passive or middle, meaning "I am established/placed."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §5.79.1-5.79.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:5.79.1-5.79.4

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